Salarjung Reforms
Salarjung Reforms
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Salarjung Reforms
• Sir Mir Turab Ali Khan, Salar Jung I,1829 known simply as Salar Jung I, was an
Indian nobleman who served as Prime Minister of Hyderabad State between
1853 until his death in 1883.
Hyderabad State
• The Hyderabad princely state also called as Nizam Kingdom, which comprises of
Telangana,Maratwada and Kannada areas ruled by Asafjahi’s between 1724-
1948.
• Kingdom was first established by NIZAM-UL-MULK ruled after the title of Asafjahi
and therefore famously known as Asafjahi Kingdom.
• From the first ruler Nijam ul mulk to the last ruler Osman ali khan, there were 9
rulers who ruled Hyderabad for over 224 years.
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• Asaf Jahi dynasty 1724–1948,
Salarjung
• For about 30 years from 1853 to 1883, he served as the Prime Minister under
three Asafjahi kings – Nasir-ud-Daulah, Afzal-Ud-Daulah, and Mir Mahabub-Ali
khan.
• He was compared on par with Mahammad Gavan, the Prime Minister of Bahmani
Kingdom. William Digbi said, ‘Salar Jung brought about Renaissance in Nizam
‘kingdom’.
MCQ’S
1) Nasir-ud-Daulah,
2) Afzal-Ud-Daulah,
3) Mir Mahabub-Alikhan
4)None of these
5)All of these
1) Biribal
3)William Benetick
4)Mohammad Ghori
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4)Administrative reforms in Nizam Kingdom
By the time Salarjung-I was appointed and Diwan, the situation in Nizam’s
kingdom was very bad. The fertile places of Rayachur, Osmanabad, Berar were
ceded to British in lieu of debt repayment.
Muslims in the principality were angry with the Britishers.
The economic situation was at the brick of bankruptacy.
The people were at the receiving end at the hands of corrupt employees.
The law and order situation was out of control.
Mains Question
Reforms of Salarjung
1) Administrative Reforms
2) Economic Reforms
3) Revenue Reforms
4) Law Reforms
5) Educational Reforms
6) Police Reforms
7) Currency Reforms
8) Transport Reforms
9) Transport Reforms
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1) Administrative Reforms
• Divided the State of Nizam into 5 Subhas, and 17 Districts. These districts were
divided into Talukas and each Talukh had governing officers Ex: A Subedar to
each Subha, Avval Talkadars (Collector) to district and Tahasildar to Taluka.
2)Economic Reforms
• Salarjung took various reforms in minimizing the expenditure and found the
resources to enrich the State treasury. Salarjung removed employees and
cancelled their posts as they did not have any work(decreased financial deficit )
3) Revenue Reforms
• In those days, the contractors were the middle men between the Government and
the farmers who used to pay taxes. The contractors exploited the innocent
farmers. Salarjung observed this system of middle men and completely changed
it. He made a new revenue policy called “Zilla Bandi” Policy(According to this
policy. Salarjung divided the Nizam state into 17 revenue districts - Each district
is governed by a subedar who was responsible for the collection of land taxes)
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• In 1864, Salarjung constituted a “Revenue Board”, Board was authorized to tax
agriculture, business, export and import, stamp duty, roads and local bodies. It
was cancelled and constituted Revenue Ministry in 1868.
• Later he introduced new Ryothwari Policy and established direct link to farmers
with the Government. The farmers were given rights on their lands. Inaam land
system was cancelled and land taxation for every 30 years was introduced.
Agricultural lands were measured, boundaries were settled and recoded
carefully. Land tax was decided which was to be renewed every 30 years based
on area of cultivation and the area of land. Land tax was allowed to pay either in
cash or grains. In 1875 Salarjung established survey settlement department of
survey land. He cancelled Inaams to government employees and paid salaries to
them.
4) Law Reforms
• Public were allowed to appeal the district courts judgements to the higher court
namely, “Adalath-E-Padushahe” in Hyderabad with a chief justice and four judges.
This court was empowered to punish the criminals with the exception of death
sentence and life time imprisonment. Serious punishments like removal of body
parts were abolished and the convicted were punished with severe
imprisonment.
5) Educational Reforms
• He paid much attention to start schools and educational institutions in the state.
His secretary Sayyed Hussain Bilgrami helped Salarjung in improving education.
In 1855 during fourth Nizam Nasiruddaula, he established “Daarul salaam” a
higher educational institute and introduced western educational system where
Arabic, Urdu and English were taught. He introduced English medium schools.
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• In 1870 he established “an engineering college” and trained many as technical
experts in Hyderabad state.
6) Police Reforms
• Not only Salarjung worked hard for effective policing but also he made rules and
guidelines regarding their powers and duties. He divided the police officers based
on their ability and behavior into different categories and decided their pay
emoluments.
7) Currency Reforms
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8) Transport Reforms
• Salarjung worked hard for the development of roads and railways with the help
of the British.
• He linked Hyderabad with most of the main towns. In 1870, the government and
British signed an agreement called an “Chanda Railway Agreement” to build
railway line between Madras and Bombay via Hyderabad, Wadi and Gulbarga. As
a part of this, the first railway line between Secunderabad and Vadi was
completed in 1878.
9) Other Reforms
Salarjung made strong reforms to control anti social elements in the society. He
abolished social evils like “Sathi Sahagamanam” in the Hyderabad Society.
He started industrial exhibition in Chandarghat. It has been continuing till date.
He gave importance to English also and published news papers in English
Language.
He gave jobs to the persons with ability and skill and at the same time he
punished corrupt employees.
Conclusion
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