Multiple Intelligences Term Paper

Lebanese University
Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences
Course Name: Methodology
Prepared by:
Rima CHEHADEH
ID: 20108
Andrea EL HAJJ
ID: 19458
Date: July 2020
Supervised by:
Dr. Saria OSMAN

Multiple Intelligences
Since the very beginning, most people would try to divide the society in the category
of either being ''book smart'' or ''street smart''. It is known that the first one is based on mental
capacity while the other one has life skills intelligence. The ''book smart'' category consider
that they can learn life skills through reading actual experiences or life skills are not as
important as a person's mental capability. Some experiences have had better impact than
others, this is due to different intelligence and learning styles of different people. Many
different researchers have contributed to the field of multiple intelligences but the topmost is
Howard Gardner. Gardner believes that these multiple intelligences capture the full range of
abilities and talents that people possess He who outlined this theory about multiple
intelligence in 1983. He proposed that there are eight intelligences and it is very possible to
add one more which is “existentialist intelligence”. He distinguishes separate intelligences:
Linguistic, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist,
logical-mathematical.
To start with the first three intelligences, that are linguistic, musical and spatial. The
linguistic intelligence involves the ability to understand and use spoken languages and written
languages, and the usage of language to accomplish certain goals. Moreover, the person can
express himself effectively through speech or written words or even acquire several foreign
languages. This category covers the writers, poets, lawyers, speakers and journalists as
having high linguistic intelligence. Its characteristics involve in remembering written and
spoken information, loving reading and writing, explaining things better and easily. Moving
to the musical intelligence is dedicated to how skillful an individual is performing,

composing and appreciating music and musical patterns. It encloses the ability to recognize
and compose musical pitches, tones and rhythms. It has several characteristics like singing
and playing musical instruments, remembering a lot of songs and melodies and having a rich
understanding and musical tones, rhythms and notes. The third one is the spatial intelligence
that is about how the person mat process information that are represented visually in one or
more dimensions. The person has the ability to transform, rotate and manipulate the visual
objects. A much known example is Pablo Picasso. People with visual intelligence are good at
putting puzzles together, interpreting pictures, graphs and charts well, enjoy drawing,
painting and the visual arts.
Secondly bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal and intrapersonal are foregrounded. The
bodily-kinesthetic intelligence is said to be good at sports and activities that require physical
mastery. Those people learn through movement and experiences because they coordinate
their mental abilities to their motor skills. They are very excellent in motor movement and
coordination. They are very skilled at dancing and sports, enjoy creating things with their
hands and they remember things by doing rather than hearing or seeing. The interpersonal is
thought of as the ability to understand the motivations, intentions and the thoughts of other
people. It refers to manage well the relationships with people. The person has the ability to
interact with people effectively. Educators, salespeople, religious, political leaders and
counsellors should encompass a well-developed interpersonal intelligence. They
communicate verbally and are skilled at nonverbal communication, they have different
perceptive for many situation and resolve problems in group settings. However, the
intrapersonal intelligence entails the capability to understand themselves, appreciate their
own feelings, fears and motivations. People with intrapersonal intelligence are skilled at self-
reflection and know themselves very well. They tend to enjoy self-reflection and analysis,
including daydreaming exploring relationships with others and assessing their personal
strengths. They have excellent self-awareness and they understand the basic own feeling.
The last three intelligences are naturalist, logical-mathematical and the possibly added
intelligence ''existentialist''. The naturalist intelligence enables humans to highlight certain
features of the environment. They are known as people who excel in growing plants, taking
care of animals or study the world of nature or animals. Their interest is focused on nurturing,
discovering the environment, going on adventures, learning about other species as well as
they are subtle to any changes in their surroundings. They enjoy camping, gardening, and
hiking and exploring, they tend to have topics such botany, biology and zoology. The well-
known poet William Wordsworth is labeled as a naturalist because of his poem ''The Tables
Turned''. Furthermore, the logical-mathematical are people with high level of numerical
intelligence. They analyze their data by using logic and examining cause-effect relationships.
They are characterized by having excellent problem-solving skills, the pleasure of thinking
about abstract ideas and conducting scientific experiments. Many people think that there
should be a ninth intelligence which is the ''existential intelligence'' also known as
metaphysical intelligence or wondering smart. It is defined as the potentiality of questioning
about human existence, the meaning of life like why are we born, why do we die, what is
consciousness and how did we get here. According to Gardner, the power of his work
depends on the available data and scientific evidence. He considers that this existential
intelligence take half in eight intelligences.
To conclude, Sternberg and Sternberg (2012) identify intelligence as the capacity to
learn from experience, using metacognitive processes to enhance learning and the ability to
adapt to the surrounding environment. Many significant questions and problems are
questioned around Gardner's notion of multiple intelligence which led to get many critics
from other researchers because many of these intelligences are considered as talents rather
than intelligences. Despite the fact that this theory did not receive wide acceptance, it still has
had utility in education. Accordingly, an understanding of which type of intelligences a
student might possess can help teachers adjust learning and suggest certain career paths for
learners.

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Lebanese University

Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences

Course Name: Methodology

Date: July 2020

Dr. Saria OSMAN

add one more which is “existentialist intelligence”. He distinguishes separate intelligences:

Linguistic, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist,

to the musical intelligence is dedicated to how skillful an individual is performing,

painting and the visual arts.

Secondly bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal and intrapersonal are foregrounded. The

counsellors should encompass a well-developed interpersonal intelligence. They

intrapersonal intelligence entails the capability to understand themselves, appreciate their

intelligence ''existentialist''. The naturalist intelligence enables humans to highlight certain

should be a ninth intelligence which is the ''existential intelligence'' also known as

metaphysical intelligence or wondering smart. It is defined as the potentiality of questioning

intelligence take half in eight intelligences.

To conclude, Sternberg and Sternberg (2012) identify intelligence as the capacity to

had utility in education. Accordingly, an understanding of which type of intelligences a

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