1.

Explain the legal definition of sexual harassment based on RA 7877

- The legal definition of sexual harassment is outlined in Republic Act No. 7877,

also known as the Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995. The law applies to work-

related, education-related, or training-related environments. The perpetrator must

have authority, influence, or moral ascendancy over the victim.

2. Organize phases and effects of incest

Grooming Phase:

- Building Trust: The perpetrator works to establish trust and emotional bonds with

the victim.

- Testing Boundaries: The abuser gradually introduces inappropriate behaviors

while gauging the victim's reactions.

Secret Phase:

- Secrecy and Isolation: The abuse becomes a secret, often accompanied by threats

or manipulation to prevent disclosure.

- Control: The perpetrator exerts control over the victim through fear, shame, or a

sense of obligation.

Disclosure Phase:

- Revelation: The victim may eventually disclose the abuse, either voluntarily or due

to external factors.

- Initial Reactions: The disclosure may lead to disbelief, denial, or blame from family

members or others.

Suppression and Coping Phase:

- Internalization: The victim may internalize guilt, shame, or a sense of responsibility

for the abuse.

- Coping Mechanisms: Individuals may develop coping strategies, such as

dissociation, denial, or self-harm, to manage the trauma.

Effects of Incest:
Psychological Effects:

- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Recurrent and distressing memories,

flashbacks, nightmares, and hypervigilance.

- Depression and Anxiety: Persistent sadness, hopelessness, and heightened

anxiety.

- Dissociation: Detachment from reality as a defense mechanism to cope with

overwhelming emotions.

Emotional Effects:

- Guilt and Shame: Feelings of self-blame and shame may persist, impacting self-

esteem.

- Fear and Trust Issues: Difficulty trusting others and developing healthy

relationships.

- Anger and Resentment: Victims may harbor intense anger toward the perpetrator

and feelings of betrayal.

Social Effects:

- Isolation: Withdrawal from social activities and relationships due to fear or shame.

- Difficulty Forming Intimate Relationships: Trust issues may hinder the ability to

form healthy relationships.

- Stigmatization: Social stigma and judgment may exacerbate feelings of shame.

Physical Effects:

- Sexual Dysfunction: Difficulty with intimacy and sexual relationships.

- Substance Abuse: Some survivors may turn to substances to cope with emotional

pain.

- Self-Harm and Suicidal Thoughts: The trauma may lead to self-destructive

behaviors.

Long-Term Consequences:

- Re-victimization: A history of incest may increase the risk of experiencing abuse in

- Parenting Challenges: Survivors may face difficulties in parenting due to

unresolved trauma.

- Chronic Health Issues: Long-term stress and trauma may contribute to physical

health problems.

3. Illustrate the signs and symptoms of abuse

Physical Abuse:

• Visible injuries: Bruises, cuts, burns, broken bones, etc.

• Unexplained pain or discomfort.

• Wearing clothing to conceal injuries.

• Fear of medical attention.

Emotional Abuse:

• Changes in mood or

behavior: Depression, anxiety, fear, withdrawal, anger, hostility.

• Low self-esteem or self-worth.

• Walking on eggshells around the abuser.

• Feeling isolated or controlled.

Sexual Abuse:

• Physical signs of trauma: Bruising, bleeding, pain during urination or intercourse.

• Behavioral changes: Withdrawal, fear of being alone, nightmares, sexual acting

out.

• Difficulty trusting others.

• Unexplained changes in eating or sleeping habits.

Financial Abuse:

• Being denied access to money or credit.

• Forced to account for every penny spent.

• Having debt controlled by the abuser.

• Feeling financially trap.

• Isolation from financial information and decision-making.

Verbal Abuse:

• Being called names, yelled at, or belittled.

• Threats of violence or harm.

• Constant criticism or negativity.

• Feeling humiliated or worthless.

Neglect:

• Poor hygiene, unkempt appearance, or inappropriate clothing for the weather.

• Malnutrition or dehydration.

• Frequent absences from school or chronic tardiness.

• Lack of necessary medical or dental care.

Psychological Abuse:

• Changes in behavior, such as withdrawal or depression.

• Low self-esteem and feelings of worthlessness.

• Fearful or anxious behavior, even without physical evidence of abuse.

• Emotional outbursts, mood swings, or sudden changes in personality.

4. Classify the types of abuse

Child abuse: Abuse directed towards a minor. This can include physical, emotional,

sexual, and neglect.

Domestic abuse: Abuse within a domestic setting, most commonly between intimate

partners. It can take many forms, including physical, emotional, financial, and sexual.

Elder abuse: Abuse directed towards an older adult. This can include physical,

emotional, financial, and neglect.

Workplace abuse: Abuse within a professional setting. This can include harassment,

discrimination, bullying, and unfair treatment.

Physical abuse: Intentional infliction of pain or injury upon another person.

esteem, autonomy, or mental well-being.

Sexual abuse: Any unwanted sexual contact or behavior.

Neglect: Failure to provide for a person's basic needs, such as food, shelter, or medical

care.

Financial abuse: Controlling or exploiting someone's finances.

Technological abuse: Misusing technology to stalk, harass, or control someone.

Verbal abuse: Using words to demean, insult, or threaten someone.

Spiritual abuse: Misusing a person's religion or spiritual beliefs to control them.

Institutional abuse: Abuse that occurs within an institution, such as a prison or nursing

home.

Self-abuse: Harming oneself through physical, emotional, or other means.

Digital or Cyber Abuse: Occurs through the use of technology, such as the internet and

social media, to harass, intimidate, or control someone. Includes online bullying,

harassment, stalking, and the unauthorized sharing of private information.

Economic Abuse: Involves the control or exploitation of a person's financial resources.

Self-Neglect: Occurs when individuals fail to care for themselves adequately, leading to

harm or risk of harm.

5. Describe the forms of violence against women

- Physical Violence:

Involves any use of force that causes bodily harm or injury.

Examples include hitting, slapping, punching, kicking, or any form of physical

aggression.

- Sexual Violence:

Encompasses any non-consensual sexual act or activity. Includes rape, sexual

assault, marital rape, sexual harassment, and any unwanted sexual advances.

- Emotional or Psychological Violence:

Examples include constant criticism, verbal abuse, humiliation, threats, and

isolation.

- Economic or Financial Violence:

Denies women access to financial resources or controls their economic

independence. Includes financial exploitation, withholding money, and restricting

financial decision-making.

- Stalking:

Persistent unwanted attention, contact, or surveillance that instills fear and

distress. May occur in person or through electronic means, such as online stalking.

- Human Trafficking:

Involves the recruitment, transportation, transfer, or harboring of persons through

force, coercion, or deception for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation can

include forced labor, sexual exploitation, or involuntary servitude.

- Cultural or Traditional Violence: Occurs within cultural or traditional practices

that perpetuate discrimination and violence against women. Includes practices

such as female genital mutilation (FGM), honor killings, and forced marriages.

- Reproductive Coercion: Involves controlling a woman's reproductive choices

without her consent. Examples include birth control sabotage, forced abortion, or

pressure to become pregnant.

- Cyber Violence: Occurs through the use of technology, including online

harassment, cyberbullying, or the sharing of intimate images without consent.

- Institutional Violence: Takes place within institutions, systems, or structures that

perpetuate gender-based violence. Includes discrimination within legal,

healthcare, or educational systems that fails to adequately address and prevent

violence against women.

Prenatal:

- Exposure to maternal stress or substance abuse: Can increase the risk of

developmental problems and behavioral issues in children.

- Nutritional deficiencies: Can lead to impaired brain development and vulnerability

to violence later in life.

Infancy and Early Childhood:

- Physical abuse: Shaking, hitting, or burning a child can cause physical and

emotional harm.

- Neglect: Failure to provide for a child's basic needs, such as food, shelter, and

medical care, can have lasting consequences.

- Emotional abuse: Yelling, belittling, or threatening a child can damage their self-

esteem and mental health.

- Exposure to domestic violence: Witnessing violence between parents or

caregivers can traumatize children and increase their risk of experiencing violence

themselves.

Adolescence:

- Dating violence: Physical, emotional, or sexual abuse in romantic relationships.

- Bullying: Physical, verbal, or social harassment that can lead to

depression, anxiety, and even suicide.

- Sexual abuse: Any unwanted sexual contact or behavior, including

rape, incest, and child sexual exploitation.

- Gang violence: Involvement in gangs can increase the risk of being attacked or

injured.

Adulthood:

- Domestic violence: Physical, emotional, or sexual abuse between intimate

partners.
- Sexual assault: Any unwanted sexual contact or behavior, including

rape, groping, and unwanted sexual advances.

- Stalking: Repeatedly following, harassing, or threatening someone.

- Human trafficking: Exploiting people for forced labor, sexual exploitation, or organ

harvesting.

Later Life:

- Elder abuse: Physical, emotional, or financial abuse of older adults.

- Neglect: Failure to provide for an older adult's basic needs, such as

food, shelter, and medical care.

- Fraud and financial exploitation: Scams and schemes targeting older adults.

7. Explain the legal definition of RA 9262

Republic Act No. 9262, known as the "Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children

Act of 2004", is a comprehensive law in the Philippines that defines and addresses

violence against women and their children. RA 9262 defines VAWC as any act or a series

of acts committed by any person against a woman or her child with whom she has or had

a sexual, dating, or marital relationship. These acts result in or are likely to result in

physical, sexual, psychological harm, or suffering. RA 9262 reflects the Philippines'

commitment to addressing gender-based violence and ensuring the protection of women

and children within the family.