Edition by Feldman Catney Cavanagh and Dinardo Isbn 1259024644 9781259024641
Edition by Feldman Catney Cavanagh and Dinardo Isbn 1259024644 9781259024641
Edition by Feldman Catney Cavanagh and Dinardo Isbn 1259024644 9781259024641
TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
1) Canadian actor Michael J. Fox has been diagnosed with an early on-set case of Alzheimer's disease.
Answer: True False
2) The preliminary symptoms of Parkinson's disease include; tremors, rigidity, and slow movement.
Answer: True False
3) As many as 1 in 10 individuals diagnosed with Parkinson's disease are under the age of 40.
Answer: True False
4) Mirror neurons suggest that the capacity of even young children to imitate others may be an
inborn behaviour.
Answer: True False
5) A neuron's resting state has a negative electrical charge of about 10 millivolts (a millivolt is
one one-thousandth of a volt).
Answer: True False
6) The speed with which an action potential moves down the axon is determined by the axon's size
and the thickness of its myelin sheath.
Answer: True False
8) The longer and thicker the axon the more rapid the impulse.
Answer: True False
9) Neurons are complex structures. Due to the action potential, they may be connected with no
more than one to two hundred other neurons.
Answer: True False
10) The speed with which an action potential moves down the axon is determined by the axon's size
and the thickness of its myelin sheath.
Answer: True False
11) In the nervous system, neurotransmitters are stored in the neuron's dendrites.
Answer: True False
12) Acetylcholine and serotonin are both excitatory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system.
Answer: True False
13) The abilities to regulate or suppress pain and to experience pleasure are influenced by endorphins.
Answer: True False
14) The fMRI scan also has the potential to treat some psychological disorders.
Answer: True False
15) The limbic system contains three primary components: the thalamus, hypothalamus,
and hippocampus.
Answer: True False
16) The limbic system consist of a series of doughnut-shaped structures that are involved
in self-preservation, learning memory, and the experience of pleasure.
Answer: True False
17) The association areas of the brain are closely linked to such higher order mental processes
as thinking, language, memory, and speech.
Answer: True False
18) Research has shown that the central core, or the primitive brain, is very similar in all vertebrates.
Answer: True False
19) Motor neurons carry information from the brain to the muscle groups, and sensory neurons
carry information from the sensory organs to the brain.
Answer: True False
20) Neurons that connect sensory and motor neurons carrying messages between the two are
called complimentary neurons.
Answer: True False
21) The structures of the brain are organized in such a way that older, more primitive parts of the
brain regulate the newer areas of the brain.
Answer: True False
22) The nervous system is divided into three main parts: the spinal cord, the central nervous system
and the peripheral nervous system.
Answer: True False
23) Neurons that connect sensory and motor neurons are called cognitive neurons.
Answer: True False
24) Behavioural genetics holds the promise of developing new diagnostic and treatment techniques
for genetic deficiencies that can lead to physical and psychological difficulties.
Answer: True False
25) The endocrine system is a chemical communication network that sends messages via hormones.
Answer: True False
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
26) What is the approximate negative electrical charge of a neuron's resting state?
A) 30 millivolts B) 100 millivolts C) 70 millivolts D) 150 millivolts
Answer: B
28) If a particular behaviour is associated with a small portion of the motor area, then it must be:
A) A large scale behaviour, like waving your arms.
B) A precise behaviour, like threading a needle with your fingers.
C) Unknown-we know very little about how behaviours map onto the motor area.
D) A facial behaviour, like smiling or frowning.
Answer: A
30) Which of the following is NOT a primary region in the sensory area of the cortex?
A) A region related to vision. B) A region related to body sensations.
C) A region related to sexual behaviour. D) A region related to hearing.
Answer: C
31) What happened to railroad worker Phineas Gage, whose case study is presented in the chapter
on biology and behaviour?
A) An explosive accident blasted a spike through his brain.
B) He was born with only half a brain, yet he was able to live a normal life.
C) A surgical accident left him with a permanent memory defect.
D) After a severe fall that injured most of his brain, he received a transplant.
Answer: A
32) Damaged or insufficient myelin sheath would cause which of the following?
A) Rapid nerve impulses. B) Accelerated nerve impulses.
C) Slowed nerve impulses. D) Exaggerated nerve impulses.
Answer: C
3
33) Although too much dopamine is thought to be involved in , having too little of it in certain
parts of the brain is involved in .
A) aggression; eating disorders B) movement; alcoholism
C) depression; Alzheimer's disease D) schizophrenia; Parkinson's disease
Answer: D
34) The prologue describes the case of Canadian Michael J. Fox, who fought privately and secretly
a disease for seven years. Fox was experiencing the beginning stages of which of the following?
A) Alzheimer's disease B) Parkinson's disease
C) Asperger's syndrome D) Klinefelter's syndrome
Answer: B
35) To acknowledge Michael J. Fox for his crusade to find a cure for this particular disease, the
University of British Columbia bestowed upon him an honorary degree. Michael J. Fox was
a crusader for which of the following?
A) Alzheimer's disease B) Parkinson's disease
C) Asperger's syndrome D) Klinefelter's syndrome
Answer: B
36) Which of the following describes the part of the neuron that receives chemical signals from
other neurons?
A) dendrite B) terminal button C) synapse D) axon
Answer: A
37) Which concept describes the portion of the nerve cell from which information is passed to
other nerve cell?
A) myelin sheath B) axon terminal C) dendrite D) cell body
Answer: B
38) The movement of the action potential along the axon resembles which of the following?
A) Pendulum swinging back and forth.
B) Ball bouncing up and down in place.
C) Rat trying to find the end of a maze.
D) Row of dominoes falling from beginning to end.
Answer: D
39) Researchers from many areas are interested in the relationship between behaviour and biology.
Which of the following terms describes the study of the brain, nervous system, and behaviour?
A) cognitive science B) neuroscience
C) behaviourism D) biophysics
Answer: B
4
40) The medulla is critical for survival, since it controls which of the following?
A) thoughts and decision making B) body rhythms
C) vision D) breathing and heart beat
Answer: D
41) After a serious auto accident, your friend has difficulty sitting securely in her chair, and she
often drops her fork or misses her mouth as she tries to feed herself. She may have suffered
damage to which area of the brain?
A) reticular formation B) cerebellum
C) pons D) adrenal cortex
Answer: B
42) Roberta learned to play soccer in third grade. She remembered how awkward she felt moving
across the soccer field and trying to control the ball at the same time. In high school, she became an
expert at soccer dribbling. During a game she feels her muscles and balance system are on
"automatic pilot." This advanced level of coordination and control is probably the work of which of
the following?
A) cerebellum B) thalamus C) hypothalamus D) pons
Answer: A
43) Dr. Yee used the analogy of a switchboard operator to describe the part of the brain that not
only activates other specific brain areas but may also screen other stimuli depending on the state
of awareness which is needed. Which part of the brain is he referring to?
A) cerebellum B) reticular formation
C) pons D) frontal lobe
Answer: B
44) Carey Price started playing hockey early in life. He catches hockey pucks with ease that gives
the appearance that his muscles and balance system are on "automatic pilot." This advanced
level of coordination and control is probably the work of which of the following?
A) pons B) hypothalamus C) cerebellum D) thalamus
Answer: C
45) Which area of the brain is primarily associated with basic functions relating to emotions
and self-preservation, such as eating and reproduction?
A) Cerebral cortex B) Limbic system C) Thalamus D) Cerebellum
Answer: B
5
46) Psychology students were in a heated discussion. One group maintained that attention deficit
disorder was a result of poor child rearing, while the other group believed that it stemmed from
genetic traits beyond the control of parents and teachers. The students were discussing a
question regarding which of the following?
A) Intolerance of activity level based on changes in the demands of social structures.
B) The role of drug treatments in reducing hyperactivity.
C) Nature verses nurture.
D) Chemical agency as opposed to genetic changes.
Answer: C
48) Messages travel in form within a neuron, and in form between neurons.
A) chemical; electrical B) electrical; electrical
C) electrical; chemical D) chemical; chemical
Answer: C
49) Which of the following substances serves as a neurotransmitter at the nerve-muscle junction and
also in the central nervous system?
A) acetylcholine (Ach) B) curare
C) dopamine D) gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)
Answer: A
51) Which of the following describes one of the important functions of the hypothalamus?
A) Distinguishing foreground from background.
B) Heart rate.
C) The maintenance of body temperature.
D) The sense of physical balance.
Answer: C
52) Jason suffers from the symptoms of depression. Some psychologists believe that his
depression could be caused by a deficiency of which neurotransmitter?
A) dopamine B) serotonin C) GABA D) endorphins
Answer: B
6
53) A person who has difficulty naming objects that appear only in the right visual field most likely
has which of the following conditions?
A) Broca's aphasia B) Split brain
C) Dyslexia D) Wernicke's aphasia
Answer: B
54) Long-distance runners sometimes report a natural high and a reduction in pain sensitivity
associated with the release of which of the following?
A) norepinephrine B) acetylcholine C) endorphins D) dopamine
Answer: C
55) People like Michael J. Fox, who was described in the prologue, are finding relief from the
symptoms of Parkinson's disease by implanting a device in the brain that delivers weak
electric shocks to areas of the brain that control movement and abnormal nerve signals. Which
of the following describes what this procedure is known as?
A) Neuro-pituitary surgery. B) Motor cortex ablation.
C) Endovascular surgery. D) Deep brain stimulation.
Answer: D
57) Regardless of how strong a stimulus is, neurons still fire with the same amount of electrical
impulse. Which of the following describes this fact?
A) Dendrite-axon law. B) Split-brain law.
C) All-or-none law. D) Excitatory-inhibitory law.
Answer: C
58) All of the following statements describe Michael J. Fox EXCEPT which one?
A) Fox's early onset of Parkinson's Disease is extremely rare, affecting 1 in 500 people.
B) Times Magazine nominated Fox as one of the world's top 100 heroes and pioneers.
C) The Michael J. Fox Foundations has raised more than $115 million for research and treatment.
D) Fox began his very public crusade to find a cure for Parkinson disease.
Answer: A
59) Which of the following describes the likely consequence of a disabling injury to a man's
sympathetic autonomic nervous system?
A) Intermittent drowsiness, with naps needed throughout the day.
B) Inability to walk without a cane or other aid.
C) Frustration at not achieving orgasm during intercourse.
D) Difficulty detecting sensory signals.
Answer: C
7
60) IfDr. Holosko wants to view the work of the brain as it processes different words visually
and auditorially, which of the following will he use?
A) Transcranical magnetic stimulation to see the effects of a "virtual lesion."
B) An electroencephalogram to record electrical wave patterns.
C) Functional magnetic resonance imaging for a structural view.
D) A positron emission tomography scans to see the intensity of work in parts of the brain.
Answer: D
61) Which of the following describes why the pituitary gland is called the "master gland"?
A) Controls the endocrine system.
B) Has sufficient power to defend against micro-organisms.
C) Regulates the response of the brain to an internal imbalance.
D) Is solely responsible for homeostasis.
Answer: A
62) Which of the following describes the chemical substances that communicate information from
one neuron to another?
A) hormones B) neurotransmitters
C) axons D) terminal bulbs
Answer: B
64) Sally is a skilled gymnast whose specialty is the balance beam. Which part of her brain is
most responsible for her ability to perform?
A) reticular formation B) cerebellum
C) limbic system D) hypothalamus
Answer: B
65) Research suggests that there is a positive correlation between the thickness of an axon's
myelin sheath and which of the following?
A) Size of the neurotransmitters in the terminal buttons.
B) Importance of the message that is transmitted.
C) The number of dendrites that receive messages.
D) Neuron's excitatory or inhibitory nature.
Answer: B
8
66) What would be expected that the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease will do?
A) Be unaffected by ACh levels.
B) Improve if ACh levels are increased.
C) Be improved by boosting the levels of endorphins.
D) Worsen if ACh levels are reduced.
Answer: B
68) Where is the higher mental function located that distinguish human brains from other species?
A) In the cerebellum. B) In the cerebral cortex.
C) In the thalamus and hypothalamus. D) In the limbic system.
Answer: B
69) Which of the following best describes the functions of the hypothalamus?
A) information processing B) cortical arousal
C) motor coordination D) basic survival
Answer: D
70) Adriana and David are fraternal twins. Adriana is exceptionally outgoing and friendly, and David is
extremely shy. What would behavioural geneticists most likely attribute their personality
differences to?
A) Equal influence of environmental and inheritance factors.
B) Inherited factors.
C) Neither environmental nor inheritance factors.
D) Environmental factors.
Answer: B
71) Which of the following describes why it is difficult to study the specialized abilities of the left
and right cerebral hemispheres in the brains of normal individuals?
A) It is difficult to identify the boundary between the two hemispheres.
B) The left side of the brain controls the right side of the body, and vice versa.
C) People won't submit for unnecessary brain surgery.
D) The two hemispheres share information quickly and completely.
Answer: D
9
73) Which describes the Lateralization of language ability?
A) It cannot be compared between the two genders.
B) It is stronger in women than in men.
C) It is stronger in men than in women.
D) It is equal between men and women.
Answer: C
75) Which of the following describes the important function of the autonomic nervous system?
A) Handling simple reflexes. B) Maintaining alert consciousness.
C) Successfully resolving emergencies. D) Making future plans.
Answer: C
78) What does the hypothalamus and pituitary gland control when they are working together?
A) Metabolic rate B) Emotional reactions
C) Sugar metabolism D) Most other endocrine glands
Answer: D
79) Which of the following describes the neurons that transmit information from the perimeter of
the body to the central nervous system?
A) interneurons B) sensory (afferent) neuron
C) motor (efferent) neurons D) spinal neurons
Answer: B
80) Which of the following describes the basic cell in the nervous system?
A) neuron B) medulla C) spinal cord D) muscle
Answer: A
10
81) After being fired by the neuron, a neurotransmitter is absorbed into the axon terminal. Which of
the following describes this process?
A) inhibition B) myelination C) endorphing D) reuptake
Answer: D
82) In which field of study do researchers attempt to identify the effects of heredity on
psychological characteristics?
A) neurological psychology B) environmental biology
C) behavioural genetics D) evolutionary psychology
Answer: C
83) The "all-or-none law" refers to which fact about the nervous system?
A) People cannot function if parts of their brains are removed.
B) Neurons are either "on" or "off"; there is no in-between.
C) More intense stimuli provoke stronger action potentials.
D) Neurons will die if they do not have enough blood supply.
Answer: B
85) Which neurotransmitter is found in the parasympathetic nervous system as well as in the
central nervous system?
A) acetylcholine B) norepinephrine C) GABA D) dopamine
Answer: A
86) Which of the following is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system?
A) GABA B) Acetylcholine C) Dopamine D) Norepinephrine
Answer: A
87) The speed of transmission in a neuron will occur fastest if the myelin sheath around the axon
is which of the following?
A) Absent. B) Uncovered.
C) Not highly concentrated. D) Highly concentrated.
Answer: D
11
88) What is a neuron?
A) A chemical substance transmitted in the bloodstream.
B) The basic unit of the nervous system.
C) One of many kinds of muscles found in the motor system.
D) The sensory apparatus involved in balance.
Answer: B
89) In the endocrine system, which organ controls the pituitary gland?
A) Parathyroid gland B) Adrenal gland
C) Hypothalamus D) Thymus
Answer: C
90) Surgeons have found that implanting a device in the brain that delivers weak electric shocks to
areas of the brain that control movement and abnormal nerve signals may offer relief for people
living with which of the following?
A) Klinefelter's syndrome B) Alzheimer's disease
C) Parkinson's disease D) Asperger's syndrome
Answer: C
92) A group of Canadian researchers examine the effects of introducing a strong magnetic field in
a small area of the brain. They wants to see how such a "virtual lesion" changes normal brain
functioning. What type of scan is the research group using?
A) PET B) TMS C) fMRI D) EEG
Answer: B
93) In order to study the brain wave activity of different areas of the brain, researchers use which of
the following techniques?
A) CAT scan (computerized axial tomography)
B) NMR scan (nuclear magnetic resonance)
C) PET scan (positron emission tomography)
D) EEG (electroencephalogram)
Answer: D
94) People who are unusually short or tall may have abnormalities in which endocrine gland?
A) Pancreas B) Thymus C) Testis D) Pituitary
Answer: D
12
95) The neurotransmitter acetylcholine has a major role in which behavioural function?
A) sexual arousal B) memory
C) mood control D) pleasurable feelings
Answer: B
96) A neurotransmitter affects particular neurons, but not others, depending upon whether the:
A) Receiving neuron is in its resting state.
B) Receiving neuron has a suitable receptor site.
C) Nerve impulse acts according to the all-or-none law.
D) Receiving neuron expects a message to arrive.
Answer: B
97) Which task could a "split-brain" patient perform if shown a ball in his left visual field?
A) Throw it but be unable to name it. B) Refer to it in several different languages.
C) Name its color but not its shape. D) Name it but be unable to throw it.
Answer: A
98) Which of the following does the activation of the autonomic nervous system require?
A) No conscious or voluntary action. B) Reflexive reactions of the spinal cord.
C) Conscious, deliberate action. D) Stimulation by the somatic system.
Answer: A
99) What is the protective coating around the neuron that speeds transmission of neural impulses?
A) myelin sheath B) refractory coating
C) reticular formation D) axon terminal
Answer: A
100) If you hear a sudden, loud noise, which of the following can immediately activate other parts of
the brain to produce general bodily arousal?
A) medulla B) hypothalamus
C) reticular formation D) thalamus
Answer: C
102) The sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic divisions have opposing effects on the
behaviours they control. What is the most likely consequence of this arrangement?
A) The person will often be left in a state of confusion.
B) The body's level of emergency preparedness can be quickly changed.
C) Sensation and movement will sometimes become confused.
D) Afferent and efferent neurons will sometimes exchange their roles.
Answer: B
13
103) While watching her favourite television comedy, Laura falls fast asleep. Even though her
boyfriend Rob tries hard to wake her, he simply cannot open her eyes. Which part of Laura's brain
is Rob trying to activate?
A) thalamus B) sensory cortex
C) Wernicke's area D) reticular formation
Answer: D
104) Behaviour that is reflexive, or automatic and involuntary, is generally regulated by which of
the following?
A) somatic nervous system B) brain
C) peripheral nervous system D) spinal cord
Answer: D
105) Shirley has no desire to breastfeed her newborn daughter, and she seems uninterested in her
partner's offer to cuddle. Her doctor may want to consider low levels of which of the following as
one explanation for Shirley's low desire?
A) Thyroxine B) Somatotropin C) Estrogen D) Oxytocin
Answer: D
106) Ifa person's cerebellum were damaged in an accident, you would expect that person to
have problems with which of the following?
A) seeing and hearing B) breathing
C) speaking D) muscle coordination
Answer: D
107) What is the language disorder in which speech sounds fluent, but makes no sense?
A) Wernicke's aphasia B) split-brain syndrome
C) apraxia D) Broca's aphasia
Answer: A
108) All of the following statements describe hormones EXCEPT which one?
A) Hormones produced by the thymus are important for immune system functions.
B) Most health experts now encourage menopausal women to undergo hormone
replacement therapy.
C) The hormone oxytocin may be beneficial for social interactions, leading to greater trust
among individuals.
D) Steroid use has been associated with heart attacks, strokes, and cancer.
Answer: B
14
110) You can move your pen skillfully across the page and do the latest dance step thanks to
the functioning of which division of your nervous system?
A) somatic B) parasympathetic C) sensory D) sympathetic
Answer: A
111) The fact that your heart is beating reflects that the division of the peripheral nervous
system is operating; reading this question and selecting the correct answer reflects the operation
of the division.
A) somatic; autonomic B) parasympathetic; sympathetic
C) sympathetic; parasympathetic D) autonomic; somatic
Answer: D
112) The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for which aspect of behaviour?
A) Taking care of the body's functions at rest. B) Preparing the body for emergencies.
C) The integration of sensory information. D) Facilitation of newly learned actions.
Answer: A
114) Which of the following describes the part of the brain which consists of a bundle of nerve
fibers connecting the halves of the cerebellum?
A) reticular formation B) pons
C) thalamus D) medulla
Answer: B
115) Injury to which of the following would leave a person with serious handicaps in both vision
and hearing?
A) cerebellum B) hypothalamus
C) reticular formation D) thalamus
Answer: D
116) Electrical stimulation of which of the following, via an implanted electrode would likely trigger
false visual or auditory sensations even when the sense organs themselves remain unstimulated?
A) reticular formation B) hypothalamus
C) cerebellum D) thalamus
Answer: D
117) Information from the eyes, ears, and skin which must be communicated to higher brain levels
travels through which of the following?
A) cerebellum B) sensory cortex C) thalamus D) ventricles
Answer: C
15
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no related content on Scribd:
Nieuwe Kerk, 22;
Oude Kerk, 22.
Dieppe—
St. Jacques, 14;
St. Rémi, 14.
Dijon—
The Cathedral, 14.
Durham—
The Cathedral, 11.
Frankfort—
The Cathedral, 26.
Freiburg, Switzerland—
St. Nicolas, 28.
Freiburg-im-Bresgau—
The Cathedral, 26;
St. ——, 26.
Geneva—
The Cathedral, 28;
English Church, 29.
Ghent (Gand)—
The Cathedral (St. Bavon), 20;
Béguinage, 21;
English Church, 21;
St. Jacques, 21;
St. Michael, 21;
St. Nicolas, 21.
Gouda—
Janskerk (St. John’s), 22.
Haarlem—
Grootekerk (St. Bavon), 23.
Hertogenbosch (Bois-le-Duc)—
St. Janskirk, 23.
Innsbruck—
Hof-kirche, 27;
Jesuits’ Church, 27.
Isola Bella—
Parish Church, 30.
Laon—
The Cathedral, 14.
Liége—
St. Jacques, 21.
Lisieux—
St. Pierre (formerly the Cathedral), 14;
St. Jacques, 14.
London—
St. Paul’s Cathedral, 10;
All Hallows, Lombard Street, 10;
Christchurch, Newgate Street, 10;
St. Clement’s, Eastcheap, 10;
St. Lawrence, Jewry, 10;
St. Magnus the Martyr, London Bridge, 11;
St. Olave’s, Southwark, 11;
St. Sepulchre’s, 11.
Louvain—
St. Pierre, 21.
Lucerne—
Hof-kirche (St. Leger), 29;
English Church, 30.
Lyons—
The Cathedral, 14.
Madonna di Tirano—
Il Santuario, 31.
Magdeburg—
The Cathedral, 27.
Malines—
The Cathedral, 21;
St Jean 22;
St. Jean, 22;
Notre Dame, 22.
Mayence—
The Cathedral, 27.
Mechlin (Malines).
Milan—
The Cathedral, 31;
San Ambrogio, 31;
San Giovanni in Lateran, 31;
San Lorenzo, 31;
Santa Maria delle Grazie, 31;
Santa Maria Pudone, 32;
San ——, in the Via di Giadini, 32.
Munich—
Jesuits’ Church, 27.
Paris—
Notre Dame, 15;
St. Eustache, 15.
Prague—
The Cathedral, 27;
Monastery of Strahow, 27.
Rheims—
The Cathedral, 15;
St. André, 15;
St. Rémi, 15.
Rotterdam—
Groote Kerk (St. Lawrence), 24.
Rouen—
The Cathedral, 15;
Canteleu, 16;
St. Georges de Boscherville, 16;
St. Maclou, 16;
Notre Dame de Bon Secours, 16;
St. Ouen, 16;
St. Sever, 16;
St. Sever, 16;
St. Vincent, 17;
St. Vivien, 17.
St. Bernard—
Hospice, 29.
St. Lo—
The Cathedral (formerly), 17;
St. Croix, 17.
St. Ricquier—
The Abbey Church, 17.
Schwarz—
Pfarrkirche, 27.
Strasburg—
The Cathedral, 17.
Troyes—
The Cathedral, 17;
St. Jean, 18;
St. Nizier, 18;
St. Rémi, 18.
Utrecht—
The Cathedral, 24;
St. Nicolas, 25.
York—
Minster, 11.
he ox f histles.
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTORY.
A
At Leeds, the pipes of the solo portion of the
Town-hall Organ are entirely placed horizontally,
and it is stated that this increases their power
from 20 to 30 per cent.