The layout of a scientific literature review is a crucial component of academic writing.

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should not only summarize existing research but also provide a critical analysis of the literature,
highlighting gaps, inconsistencies, and areas for further investigation. Achieving this balance requires
careful planning and structuring of the review.

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In writing the literature review, your purpose is to convey to your reader what knowledge and ideas
have been established on a topic, and what their strengths and weaknesses are. This notion is based
upon the assumption that people have different skills that complement each other. Critical literature
review: This type of review evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the existing literature on a
particular topic or research question. A pre-existing framework, where readily identified, may help to
structure the data extraction template. 15 37 The same framework may be used to present the
findings. Most empirical studies included in this review mentioned leadership only in passing or
derived some conclusions regarding leadership from case studies focusing on other aspects of the
coproduction process. You can check out the literature review section of the blog here. Cook,
Kathleen E. and Elise Murowchick. “Do Literature Review Skills Transfer from One Course to
Another?” Psychology Learning and Teaching 13 (March 2014): 3-11; Fink, Arlene. Selection
Methods: Criteria you used to select (and perhaps exclude) sources in your literature review.
Publications that do meet high standards are discarded. Introduce the topic of investigation, its
relevance, and your personal interest in it. But there’s no need to worry about the quality of the
writing if you get inspired by the examples presented here. Sign up for the Nature Briefing
newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. The extracted data were synthesised
using descriptive and narrative techniques to identify themes and patterns in the data linked to
intervention strategies, targeted behaviours, study settings and study outcomes. Project leaders and
facilitators are individuals who are responsible for guiding and supporting coproduction projects,
thereby ensuring their smooth operation and collaborative nature. It should be a critical and
analytical summary of the selected literature the study therefore provides strengthened results that
are validated by the scientific rigor of the analytical method. In this way, critical reviews attempt to
constructively inform other scholars about the weaknesses of prior research and strengthen
knowledge development by giving focus and direction to studies for further improvement (
Kirkevold, 1997 ). Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published
maps and institutional affiliations. How will you further your research as a result of the review. The
purpose of this descriptive or mapping review was to characterize publication trends in the medical
informatics literature over a 20-year period (1987 to 2006). Over the years, I have been
professionally writing on various topics, mainly in the areas of business, entrepreneurship, patient
care, and English. Once your application has been reviewed, you must wait for the summary
statement to be issued before you examples of reasons why late applications might be accepted
include review service, illness, natural disasters etc. We thus created a table (Table 1 ) that illustrates
potential reflective questions in this context. Arithmetic problem solving examplesArithmetic
problem solving examples what is financial planning for a business school what is the value of a
college education essay examples verizon wireless business plan pricing killer business plan write a
business plan online free printable sample business plan for a shopping center pdf software to solve
statistics problems definition business plan lit review for dissertation can you use you in a research
paper examples. You may want to consider the publication date, author’s credentials, and the journal
or book publisher. Unlike a dissertation research question, this question has to be answerable without
collecting original data. Realist reviews have no particular preference for either quantitative or
qualitative evidence. Literature Review Sample 1 Literature Review Sample 2 Literature Review
Sample 3 Have you written a stellar literature review you care to share for teaching purposes.
Occasionally the scientists will archive a copy of their presentation on a website, but most often the
only record of the presentation will be the brief description abstract of their presentation that the
scientists submitted to the conference organizers. Use these successful examples as a starting point
for understanding how other writers have approached the challenging and important task of situating
their idea in the context of established research. This is the most common form of review in the
social sciences.
The exclusion of non-peer-reviewed papers is likely to have led to the exclusion of coproduced
outputs, which may have offered important insights into the leadership of coproduction, particularly
with regard to the experiences of service users and citizens playing leadership roles. If you want to
post about it on your blog or social media, all we ask is that you reference this page as your source.
It is often assigned as part of the research process for a paper. Persuasiveness -- which of the author's
theses are most convincing or least convincing. Literature Search This section outlines the search
strategy and databases used to identify relevant literature. Integrating telecare for chronic disease
management in the community: What needs to be done. It shows how to make a decent attempt to
address the course of your study plan. The bibliography or reference section of sources you've
already read, such as required readings in the course syllabus, are also excellent entry points into
your own research. Most importantly though, take a close look at your assessment task, the
associated marking criteria and. This can lead directly into your methodology section. Consistent
with the previous review, four main strategy types were identified: audit and feedback; computerised
decision support; opinion leaders; and multi-faceted interventions (MFIs). Coaching for recovery: a
quality improvement project in mental healthcare. Consider organization You’ve got a focus, and
you’ve stated it clearly and directly. Depending on the length of your literature review, you might
want to divide the body into subsections. The system of in-text references that you use will
determine the order of references at the end of your document. Processes in an experience-based co-
design project with family carers in community mental health. SAGE Open.
2018;8(4):2158244018809220. A thematic review would have subtopics based upon factors that
relate to the theme or issue. Spending a lot of time revising is a wise idea, because your main
objective is to present the material, not the argument. Throughout this process, flexibility is necessary
because leadership constellations change over time; they emerge and fade away, thus implying
different underlying leadership models. We researched the most effective protective measures and
put them into practice, which made our platform riskless. How is it different from study one in
literature review paper outline of methods and research questions? Study 3. Sometimes the review
grows organically as reading suggests new sources to consult, but sometimes more systematic
methods are used. A quality improvement initiative in community mental health in the Republic of
Ireland. Essay On Loss of Biodiversity: Biodiversity is important because it is what the. Depending
on the length of your literature review, you might want to divide the body into subsections. You may
need to repeat this process more than once. A scientific literature review is a crucial account of what
has been. These short pieces would be reviewed by editors or possibly peer-reviewers, and published
in a subsequent journal issue. In addition, those works whose theories and conclusions directly
support your findings will be valuable to review here. You can elaborate more on the topic of your
thesis.
The statement of the problem is the first part of the paper to be read after the title and abstract.
Finally, provide a conclusion that summarizes the key findings of the literature review, identifies
gaps in knowledge, and suggests areas for future research. Unlike other reviews, this one has
beginning, a middle and an end. Development of an efficient search filter to retrieve systematic
reviews from PubMed. To identify key concepts and theories: A literature review helps to identify
key concepts and theories that are relevant to your research question and provide a theoretical
framework for your study. Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts to determine
inclusion status. Typically, this is a part of a more significant paper like a thesis or coursework, based
on further investigation of a complex issue. This discussion highlights and problematizes the two
main findings of this systematic review, namely, the need to deliberately consider underlying models
of leadership and the complex character of leading coproduction. Those of you who wonder how to
write a literature review should consider the following literature review outline template before you
start. Determine 2-3 important concepts (depending on the length of your article) that are discussed
in the literature; take notes about all of the important aspects of this study relevant to the topic being
reviewed. Books on Science Publishing What Editors Want: an author's guide to scientific journal
publishing by Philippa J. Scientific article review involves anything in the realm of science. For a
stand-alone literature review, this may mean highlighting the concepts in each article and showing
how they strengthen a hypothesis or show a pattern. Sometimes the review grows organically as
reading suggests new sources to consult, but sometimes more systematic methods are used.
Throughout this process, flexibility is necessary because leadership constellations change over time;
they emerge and fade away, thus implying different underlying leadership models. Sample 1 (PDF)
A brief literature review within a political scientists’ National Science Foundation Graduate Research
Fellowship grant Sample 2 (PDF) A several-page literature review at the beginning of a published,
academic article about philosophy Sample 3 (PDF) A brief literature review at the beginning of a
published, academic article about photochemistry Academic and Professional Writing This is an
accordion element with a series of buttons that open and close related content panels. The most
recent publications are found in professional journals. For example, after conducting a literature
review on the impact of social media on teenagers’ mental health, a thesis might look like this:
“Using a mixed-methods approach, this study aims to investigate the relationship between social
media use and mental health outcomes in teenagers. We’ve written a step-by-step guide that you can
follow below. The CQIMG endorses three types of synthesis; thematic synthesis, framework
synthesis and meta-ethnography ( box 1 ). 43 44 Rapid QES favour descriptive thematic synthesis 45
or framework synthesis, 46 47 except when theory generation (meta-ethnography 48 49 or analytical
thematic synthesis) is a priority ( table 2, item R17). This review updates and extends our previous
review of systematic reviews of interventions designed to implement research evidence into clinical
practice. This means drawing connections between sources to create a picture of the scholarly
conversation on a topic over time. Enhancing the credibility of the research: A literature review helps
to enhance the credibility of the research by demonstrating the researcher’s knowledge of the
existing literature and their ability to situate their research within a broader context. Communications
of the Association for Information Systems. 2005; 16:1. Kirkevold M. Integrative nursing research
— an important strategy to further the development of nursing science and nursing practice.
Alternatively, our expert Literature Review Section Introduction Between the periods 1980 to 1992,
consumption of illicit drugs in the United States increased from 29% to 42% among 12th grade
adolescence, and from 11% to 21% among eight grade students. After the literature review is
complete, you should incorporate it into your research paper (if you are writing the review as one
component of a larger paper). Source: lh6.googleusercontent.com Good explanation of relevance of
article. References to published presentations are cited much like contributions to books, with the
addition of information about the date and place of the conference. In other words, a chronological
review would have subsections for each vital time period; a thematic review would have subtopics
based upon factors that relate to the theme or issue. So Nature asked editors and working scientists
with well-cited reviews for their tips.
Development of an efficient search filter to retrieve systematic reviews from PubMed. Public
services management and co-production in multi-level governance settings. Rely heavily on the
guidelines your instructor has given you.. Your literature review should be guided by your central
research question. The critical evaluation of each work should consider: Provenance -- what are the
author's credentials. For example, if you are reviewing literature about inequalities in migrant health
outcomes, key themes might include healthcare policy, language barriers, cultural attitudes, legal
status, and economic access. Evaluate the current “state of the art” for the body of knowledge
reviewed, pointing out major methodological flaws or gaps in research, inconsistencies in theory and
findings, and areas or issues pertinent to future study. A literature review is a document or section of
a document that collects key sources on a topic and discusses those sources in conversation with
each other (also called synthesis ). Systematic Reviews as Topic Patient Care Data availability
statement No data are available. Further Readings Generative AI and Writing USC Libraries
Tutorials and Other Guides Bibliography A literature review surveys prior research published in
books, scholarly articles, and any other sources relevant to a particular issue, area of research, or
theory, and by so doing, provides a description, summary, and critical evaluation of these works in
relation to the research problem being investigated. The authors here recapitulate important features
of Hamilton’s study, but then synthesize it by rephrasing the study’s significance and relating it to
their own work. Does the text complement, and not simple repeat, data. Identifying Gaps: Aims to
pinpoint areas where there is a lack of research or unresolved questions, highlighting opportunities
for further investigation. This will help you identify relevant literature and determine the scope of
your review. You should focus on peer-reviewed, scholarly articles. In a research paper, you use the
literature as a foundation and as support for a new insight that you contribute. This will involve
drawing on a wider range of perspectives, especially from the social, economic, political and
behavioural sciences in primary studies and diversifying the types of synthesis undertaken to include
approaches such as realist synthesis which facilitate exploration of the context in which strategies are
employed. Rapid literature review: This is a quick review that provides a snapshot of the current
state of knowledge on a specific research question or topic. This template helps you to summarize
the vital aspects of an existing body of literature, find out any significant flaws in existing
knowledge or outline the areas that require future studies a particular topic. A rigorous example of
one such review in the eHealth domain is presented by Mickan, Atherton, Roberts, Heneghan, and
Tilson (2014) on the use of handheld computers by healthcare professionals and their impact on
access to information and clinical decision-making. The authors conducted a comprehensive search
on multiple databases to identify eligible reviews and subsequently used a validated instrument to
conduct an in-depth quality appraisal. The purpose is to place research in a historical context to show
familiarity with state-of-the-art developments and to identify the likely directions for future research.
Conceptual literature review: This review synthesizes and integrates theories and concepts from
multiple sources to provide a new perspective on a particular topic. However, there are situations in
which it is neither reasonable nor appropriate to pool studies together using meta-analytic methods
simply because there is extensive clinical heterogeneity between the included studies or variation in
measurement tools, comparisons, or outcomes of interest. Systematic Approaches to a Successful
Literature Review. It also helps researchers to identify relevant data sources and identify potential
data analysis techniques. Be sure to use terminology familiar to your audience; get rid of
unnecessary jargon or slang. This would involve a more central role in implementation science for a
wider range of perspectives, especially from the social, economic, political and behavioural sciences
and for greater use of different types of synthesis, such as realist synthesis. For example, if you are
reviewing literature about inequalities in migrant health outcomes, key themes might include
healthcare policy, language barriers, cultural attitudes, legal status, and economic access. Time to
write Check some literature review examples to decide how to start writing a good literature review.
Third, multiple types of educational practices are utilised — including input from patients as
stakeholders in some cases.
However, particularly in the social sciences, thinking about research problems from multiple vectors
is a key strategy for finding new solutions to a problem or gaining a new perspective. Make sure the
sources you use are credible, and make sure you read any landmark studies and major theories in
your field of research. Reasons to seek help with writing scientific literature review. Make an outline,
keep lists of topics that are and are not within your scope, and remind yourself to stop any time your
reading wanders outside your scope. This link opens in a new window Contact a Librarian Ask a
Librarian Definition: A literature review is a systematic examination and synthesis of existing
scholarly research on a specific topic or subject. Sometimes you may need to quote certain
terminology that was coined by the author, is not common knowledge, or taken directly from the
study. So whatever literature one reviews are meant for re-viewing by others too. It is shorter than a
stand-alone review because it must be limited to very specific studies and theories that are directly
relevant to the current study. Look for peer-reviewed articles, books, and other academic sources that
are relevant to your research question or topic. USC Libraries Research Guides Organizing Your
Social Sciences Research Paper 5. Fields such as biology, chemistry, and physics commonly use
literature reviews. This is often the most time-consuming part of the review process. The 2011
review identified a further 13 systematic reviews containing 313 discrete primary studies. Your
literature review will not only cover publications on your topics but will include your own ideas and
contributions. Share to Twitter Share to Facebook Share to Pinterest. In this paper, we made a
systematic literature review of the authentication systems based on PPG. Here are a couple of
examples: The current trend in treatment for congestive heart failure combines surgery and medicine.
Not applicable. All data is from published articles. The purpose is to place research in a historical
context to show familiarity with state-of-the-art developments and to identify the likely directions
for future research. To reduce the risk of bias, papers were excluded following discussion between all
members of the team. 32 papers met the inclusion criteria and proceeded to data extraction. As
another methodological contribution, vom Brocke et al. (2009) offered a series of guidelines for
conducting literature reviews, with a particular focus on how to search and extract the relevant body
of knowledge. Literature reviews also provide a solid background for a research paper’s
investigation. Rapid reviews methods series: guidance on rapid qualitative evidence This paper
forms part of a series of methodological guidance from the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods
Group and addresses rapid qualitative evidence syntheses (QESs), which use modified systematic,
transparent and reproducible methodsu to accelerate the synthesis of qualitative evidence when faced
with resource constraints. Systematic review of knowledge translation strategies to promote research
uptake in child health settings. Susan Macicak: Linguistics Imelda Vetter: Dell Medical School For
help in other subject areas, please see the guide to library specialists by subject. Collective
dimensions of leadership: Connecting theory and method. Many student writers struggle to
synthesize because they feel they don’t have anything to add to the scholars they are citing; here are
some strategies to help you: It often helps to remember that the point of these kinds of syntheses is
to show your readers how you understand your research, to help them read the rest of your paper.
Champions and ambassadors are individuals who advocate for and support coproduction initiatives,
while project leaders and facilitators are responsible for managing and guiding coproduction projects
themselves, thereby ensuring effective collaboration among stakeholders. One needs to inform the
objective of the review in the initial paragraphs. Key dimensions of support include facilitating,
advocating for, and championing coproduction.