Diabetes Mellitus Literature Review: A Challenging Endeavor

Embarking on a literature review for a complex topic like Diabetes Mellitus can be a daunting task. It
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1. Scope and Depth
Diabetes Mellitus is a multifaceted condition with numerous subtypes, complications, and
treatment approaches. Trying to cover all aspects comprehensively requires a significant
amount of time and effort.
2. Ever-Growing Research
The field of Diabetes research is constantly evolving. New studies, findings, and treatments
emerge regularly, making it challenging to keep literature reviews up-to-date.
3. Critical Analysis
A literature review isn't merely summarizing articles. It involves critically analyzing the
methodologies, results, and conclusions of each study, which demands a high level of
expertise.
4. Organizational Skills
Structuring a literature review in a coherent and logical manner requires meticulous planning
and organization to ensure all relevant points are covered.

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The countries rapid growth in economy over the previous four decades has significantly affected the
living standards of its population. In that case, diabetes should be properly treated and taken
seriously. On the other hand, self management is the action taken by an individual for purposes of
managing their condition. In subjects with hyperuricemia and insulin resistance. Type 2 Diabetes
Middle-aged individuals and older people are highly vulnerable to this type of diabetes. Countries
with the highest number of diabetic patients worldwide in 2019. The main purpose of this research
work is to document the anti-diabetic plants found in Puducherry. These factors appear to play a
significant role in insulin resistance or insulin nonfunctionality resulting in disease advancement. For
purposes of reducing its complication risks, an individual needs to undergo a continuous medical
attention and care. The abnormal reaction might be inflamed by a viral or existing body infection.
Prolonged diabetes leads to serious complications some of which are life-threatening. Thus, there is
need to address diabetes as a public health issue. Quality of life in individuals with serious mental
illness and type 2 diabetes. The top 10 countries or territories for the number of people with diabetes
are identified ( Figure 2 ). Diabetes Mellitus: Insights from Epidemiology, Biochemistry, Risk
Factors, Diagnosis, Complications and Comprehensive Management. It causes coronary artery, a
disease known for causing death and new cases of kidney and blindness disease in grownups.
Depression predicts increased incidence of adverse health outcomes in older Mexican Americans
with type 2 diabetes. During lactation, estrogen levels dwindle which results in improved glucose
and lipid metabolism as well as fat distribution. The epidemiology of major depressive disorder:
results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). We use cookies on our website
to ensure you get the best experience. Diabetes Causes and Symptoms There exist various causes for
Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Let us write or edit the literature review on your topic. As uncontrolled
diabetes could lead to serious complications, research focusing on the early detection of diabetes,
developing various tools for understanding pancreatic ?-cell destruction, developing targeted drugs
are the appropriate steps to control the disease. While Bangladesh falls in the lower end of this list,
the country’s increasing population and lack of well-planned intervention strategies make it no lower
diabetic risk than the US. 3. Risk Factors for Diabetes Globally, the prevalence of DM has increased
and therefore has grown in severity as a public health problem. Treatment of Type 1 diabetes
Individuals with Type 1 diabetes require insulin injections. As the most common etiology of type 1
diabetes is damaged or dysfunctional islets of Langerhans cells, various treatment methods
prioritized reconstructing or inserting functional islets of Langerhans cells in the patient’s body which
will liberate the patient from needing external insulin and terminate any possibility of developing
type 2 diabetes from type 1 and any other side effect of external insulin ingestion. Institutional
Review Board Statement Not applicable as the study does not involve humans or animals. Medical
flora shows an essential part in managing diabetes specifically in unindustrialized nations. Symptoms
of Diabetes The principle symptoms of diabetes are such as extreme tiredness, increased thirst,
unexplained loss of weight, blurred vision, regular thrush episodes or genital itching, frequent toilet
visit to be precise at night, slow healing of wounds and cuts. Diabetes complication Diabetes and
depression are spread worldly.
HbA1c is also widely used as a diagnostic test for diabetes. Type 1 DM (T1DM) is caused by the
autoimmune annihilation of the pancreatic-. So this plant part and a combination of presently used
plants can be used for further studies particularly among females by the purification of active
compounds against hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia. In this review, we focused on the
biochemical aspects of diabetes, risk factors including both environmental and genetic, disease
complications, diagnosis, management, and currently available medications for the treatment of
diabetes. Treatment of Type 2 diabetes Individual with Type 2 diabetes are required to eat diets that
are healthy and also take physical exercises regularly. Alam, S.; Hasan, M.K.; Neaz, S.; Hussain, N.;
Hossain, M.F.; Rahman, T. The deaths are projected to rise by 13 %( 59%) by 2030. Empagliflozin,
cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes. The reason being that, the insulin
produced by the pancreas is not adequate enough or it is ineffective thus making the body unable to
utilize the food carbohydrates. For purposes of reducing its complication risks, an individual needs
to undergo a continuous medical attention and care. Type 2 diabetes results from beta-cell
dysfunction and is characterized by insulin resistance. Lifestyle Related Risk Factors of Type 2
Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia. We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best
experience. Embed Host your publication on your website or blog with just a few clicks.
Uncontrolled high blood sugar can result in a host of diabetic complications. Countries with the
highest number of diabetic patients worldwide in 2019. Moderate exercise which decreases obesity
helps lowering blood glucose levels through insulin-independent glucose transport into the muscle.
Resources Dive into our extensive resources on the topic that interests you. Multiple requests from
the same IP address are counted as one view. This article presents a review on some reported
antidiabetic medicinal plants with their botanical name,Family and part used. Several infectious
diseases including coxsackievirus, nonenveloped linear single-stranded RNA virus, rotavirus, and
cytomegalovirus also trigger autoimmunity to T1DM. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and oral
glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) are commonly demonstrated for screening diabetes. As uncontrolled
diabetes could lead to serious complications, research focusing on the early detection of diabetes,
developing various tools for understanding pancreatic ?-cell destruction, developing targeted drugs
are the appropriate steps to control the disease. The prevalence rate is most pronounced in the Middle
East and North African regions which are predicted to rise 13.9% by 2045 ( Figure 1 ). The main
purpose of this research work is to document the anti-diabetic plants found in Puducherry. Diabetes,
for which there is no cure, apparently can be kept under control by maintaining self-care in daily
living, effective diabetes education, with comprehensive improvements in knowledge, attitudes,
skills, and management. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( ). By concluding these factors it
can be suggested that the combination of VEGF inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, SiRNA therapy,
MiRNA therapy could be an effective management strategy for diabetic patients alongside being a
reference for developing novel treatment and management methods. Obstructive sleep apnea and
sleep disorder that are seen among overweight adult individuals are a common risk factor for insulin
resistance and glucose sensitivity which collectively progresses to prediabetes and then T2DM.
Authors: Stephanie Ostling, Jennifer Wyckoff, Scott L.
Thus, diabetes can occur due to a complex interaction among many different risk factors. 4.
Diagnosis of Diabetes As untreated DM can lead to serious complications, early diagnosis of
diabetes may prevent serious consequences due to the illness. Importance of Diabetes self-
management Self management is vital for individuals living with diabetes. Genes behind monogenic
diabetes and their clinical features. Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications (JLPEA).
Thus, high blood glucose levels due to DM results in diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy,
and diabetic cataracts. The reason being that, the insulin produced by the pancreas is not adequate
enough or it is ineffective thus making the body unable to utilize the food carbohydrates.
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) are commonly
demonstrated for screening diabetes. In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader.
Based on WHO (2011), approximately 90% of patients develop T2DM, mostly related to excess
body weight. Whether it's Windows, Mac, iOs or Android, you will be able to download the images
using download button. This is 100% legal. You may not submit downloaded papers as your own,
that is cheating. Also you. Prevalence of diabetes by world regions in 2019 and 2045 (estimated).
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative
Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( ). It causes coronary artery, a disease known for causing
death and new cases of kidney and blindness disease in grownups. This results in the pancreatic
lesion and causes cellular necrosis and lymphocyte infiltration. Ann Saudi Med, vol. 27, p. 241-250.
14. Jacobson AM. Depression and diabetes. Visit our dedicated information section to learn more
about MDPI. These activities are extremely difficult for individuals leaving with a permanent
condition. Alam, S.; Hasan, M.K.; Neaz, S.; Hussain, N.; Hossain, M.F.; Rahman, T. The association
was somewhat attenuated after adjustment for metabolic syndrome, suggesting that the association
between hyperuricemia and diabetes was partly mediated through metabolic syndrome particularly
insulin resistance. Diabetes mellitus is of great concern to health care providers from all specialities
of medicine. Funding This research received no external funding. If you are using mobile phone, you
could also use menu drawer from browser. The present paper is an attempt to list of the plants with
anti-diabetic and related beneficial effects originating from different parts of world. As diabetes has
become a serious chronic illness, the number of diabetic patients is increasing at an alarming rate
which makes it an important topic of research. In uncontrolled diabetes, the high blood glucose level
in the delicate vessels of the retina increases osmotic pressure, and the vessels get leaked or rupture in
some instances resulting in an impaired supply of blood to the retina. In relation to other infectious
diseases, chronic diseases claim lives of numerous individuals in developing countries. The
contributing factor of cancer due to DM is that in T2DM the hepatic production of IGF binding
protein becomes low and circulating IGF-1 becomes high. Diabetes mellitus is classified according to
the pathophysiologic mechanism leading to hyperglycemia. Failure of the insulin produced by the
body to work effectively is the principal cause of Type 2 diabetes.
Articles published in Diabetes Management address improvements in current therapeutics and
patient compliance together with perspectives on future prospects. In that case, diabetes should be
properly treated and taken seriously. In T2DM, mTOR is overactivated which phosphorylates IRS-1
and attenuates the metabolic pathway of insulin signaling. Fasting plasma glucose test is another
reliable routine method for the diagnosis of diabetes. Teams Enable groups of users to work together
to streamline your digital publishing. International Journal of Translational Medicine (IJTM). Soft
drinks of which the most deleterious feature is the high fructose load and consequent metabolic
effects on the liver can cause obesity and increase body mass index (BMI) that may lead to T2DM.
In order to encounter the deleterious effects of such species, body has got endogenous antioxidant
systems or it obtains exogenous antioxidants from diet that neutralizes such species and keeps the
homeostasis of body. For example, TZDs have a well-defined set of side effects associated with their
action as a PPAR-gamma agonist in adipocytes. Feature papers represent the most advanced research
with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature. The Pathways Study: a randomized
trial of collaborative care in patients with diabetes and depression. Feature papers are submitted upon
individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive. Diabetes
Mellitus: Insights from Epidemiology, Biochemistry, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Complications and
Comprehensive Management. India seconds the list at 77 million followed by the United States of
America at 31 million demonstrating the US as one of the most diabetic risk countries in the
upcoming decade. Fullscreen Sharing Deliver a distraction-free reading experience with a simple
link. Several treatments have been developed so far for diabetes, with a majority of them being
focused on type 1 diabetes. Add Links Send readers directly to specific items or pages with
shopping and web links. Taking low glycemic food, complex carbohydrate, protein, and
polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and fiber can help to maintain normal blood sugar. Journal of
Cardiovascular Development and Disease (JCDD). Genes behind monogenic diabetes and their
clinical features. Another reason for recorded increase in diabetes according to the study might be
the increased risk factors in KSA responsible for causing diabetes mellitus. There is need to increase
depression awareness among diabetes patients. In the last few years there has been an exponential
growth in the field of herbal medicine and these drugs are gaining popularity both in developing and
developed countries because of their natural origin and less side effects. The effect of intensive
treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-
dependent diabetes mellitus. Currently available treatment options in modern medicine have several
adverse effects. An individual can be prescribed numerous tablets depending on his or her condition.
Based on the current data, it can be concluded that changing lifestyle, doing sufficient physical
exercise, maintaining body weight, controlling lipid profile, and minimizing glucose level are very
effective. Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals.
However, it is expected that DM would become globally extinct while these technologies become
available for the general public. 8. Conclusions and Future Perspectives This review focused on the
epidemiology of diabetes, the complications of diabetes, and the appropriate management of the
disease.
Digital Sales Sell your publications commission-free as single issues or ongoing subscriptions.
Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing (JMMP). This is 100% legal. You may not submit
downloaded papers as your own, that is cheating. Also you. The present paper is an attempt to list of
the plants with anti-diabetic and related beneficial effects originating from different parts of world.
Moderate exercise which decreases obesity helps lowering blood glucose levels through insulin-
independent glucose transport into the muscle. Prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD), heart
disease, and sudden cardiac death are elevated in diabetic patients. Find support for a specific
problem in the support section of our website. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
(IJGI). This is because; the digestive juices present in the stomach destroy insulin. Prevalence of
diabetes by world regions in 2019 and 2045 (estimated). Saudi Med Journal 2011, 32:953-1050. 22.
Stuckler, D. Population Causes and Consequences of Leading Chronic Diseases: A comparative
Analysis of Prevailing Explanations. Type 1 diabetes is also referred to as Insulin Dependent
Diabetes (IDD). The association of hyperuricemia and the development of T2DM have been
investigated in several studies. It causes coronary artery, a disease known for causing death and new
cases of kidney and blindness disease in grownups. This traditional approach could offer a natural
key to unlock a suitable cure for diabetes. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and oral glucose
tolerance tests (OGTT) are commonly demonstrated for screening diabetes. According to the Qatar
regional study, factors such as family history, obesity and smoking habits are highly associated with
the disease. In that case, diabetes should be properly treated and taken seriously. Type 1 DM
(T1DM) is caused by the autoimmune annihilation of the pancreatic-. The association was somewhat
attenuated after adjustment for metabolic syndrome, suggesting that the association between
hyperuricemia and diabetes was partly mediated through metabolic syndrome particularly insulin
resistance. Al-Hazzaa, HM. Prevalence of physical inactivity in Saudi Arabia: a brief review.
Diabetes complication Diabetes and depression are spread worldly. Once individuals have been
diagnosed with diabetes, self-management should be part and parcel of their lives. Type 2 diabetes
results from beta-cell dysfunction and is characterized by insulin resistance. Approximately eighty
percent (80%) of the deaths occur in middle and low-income countries. India seconds the list at 77
million followed by the United States of America at 31 million demonstrating the US as one of the
most diabetic risk countries in the upcoming decade. European Journal of Investigation in Health,
Psychology and Education (EJIHPE). The prevalence rate is most pronounced in the Middle East
and North African regions which are predicted to rise 13.9% by 2045 ( Figure 1 ). Type 2 Diabetes
Middle-aged individuals and older people are highly vulnerable to this type of diabetes.
Diet and lifestyle strategies are to reduce weight, improve glycaemic control and reduce the risk of
cardiovascular complications, which account for 70% to 80% of deaths among those with diabetes.
Based on WHO (2011), approximately 90% of patients develop T2DM, mostly related to excess
body weight. Embed Host your publication on your website or blog with just a few clicks. Diabetes
mellitus is classified according to the pathophysiologic mechanism leading to hyperglycemia. The
prevalence of comorbid depression in adults with diabetes: a meta-analysis. The deaths are projected
to rise by 13 %( 59%) by 2030. Medical flora shows an essential part in managing diabetes
specifically in unindustrialized nations. Diabetes, for which there is no cure, apparently can be kept
under control by maintaining self-care in daily living, effective diabetes education, with
comprehensive improvements in knowledge, attitudes, skills, and management. Diabetes mellitus
Type 2 (T2DM) is the most common type of the disorder. According to the Qatar regional study,
factors such as family history, obesity and smoking habits are highly associated with the disease. On
the other hand, Type 2 diabetes exhibits strong genetic connections. If you do not find the exact
resolution you are looking for, then go for a native or higher resolution. There is evidence that free
fatty acids are one important link between insulin resistance and T2DM. Video Say more by
seamlessly including video within your publication. The essay will shed more light on Diabetes
mellitus type 2, its symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and patient education. Moderate exercise which
decreases obesity helps lowering blood glucose levels through insulin-independent glucose transport
into the muscle. Alam, S.; Hasan, M.K.; Neaz, S.; Hussain, N.; Hossain, M.F.; Rahman, T. This type
of diabetes is prevalent among the South Asian and African-Caribbean young aged people. These
factors appear to play a significant role in insulin resistance or insulin nonfunctionality resulting in
disease advancement. In order to encounter the deleterious effects of such species, body has got
endogenous antioxidant systems or it obtains exogenous antioxidants from diet that neutralizes such
species and keeps the homeostasis of body. International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and
Power (IJTPP). Findings suggest that traditional crops are central; their seed is highly valued; and
systems of exchange play complex and nuanced roles. Editor’s Choice articles are based on
recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. Today, a variety
of ways to manage and control the disease are used, one of which is the use of personal electronic
health records. Thus, diabetes can occur due to a complex interaction among many different risk
factors. 4. Diagnosis of Diabetes As untreated DM can lead to serious complications, early diagnosis
of diabetes may prevent serious consequences due to the illness. ROS and reactive nitrogen species
(RNS) which increase the oxidative stress level in the body also induce the development of vascular
diseases and diabetes. The abnormal reaction might be inflamed by a viral or existing body infection.
Apart from inadequate insulin, diabetes can also be caused by pancreas diseases. This study aimed to
compare the effects of the alcoholic extract of the aerial parts of Swertia longifolia Boiss on blood
glucose, lipid profiles and liver and kidney function tests in streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
Diabetes as public health problem Incidents and prevalence of diabetes are quite alarming.