Chemistry Practical Project

ANALYSIS OF HONEY
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
XII-A
2023-2024
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First, I thank Almighty God for his blessings and support

in completing this project.
I wish to express my sincere thanks to the principal
for providing all the facilities that was required.
I would like to express my immense gratitude to head
of the depart, my chemistry teacher for their unceasing
encouragement, support and guidance.
I also place on record, my sense of gratitude to all who
directly or indirectly, have lent their helping hand in
this venture.
INDEX
SL.NO TOPIC PAGE.NO
1 Objective 1
2 Introduction 2
3 Experiment 4
4 Observation 5
5 Conclusion 6
6 Photo gallery 7
7 Bibliography 8
OBJECTIVE
The main objective of this investigation is to study /

analyze the available honey for presence of Calcium,
Magnesium and Carbohydrates.
Honey is thick, sweet, super saturated sugar solution
manufactured by bees to feed their larvae and for the
subsistence during winter. Bee honey is composed of
fructose, glucose and water, in varying proportions. It
also contains several enzymes and oils.
The color & flavor depends on the age of the honey
and the sources of the nectar. Light colored honeys are
usually of higher quality than dark-colored honeys.
Other high-grade honeys are made by bees from
orange blossoms, clover and Alfalfa. A well-known,
poorer grade honey is produced from buckwheat.
1
INTRODUCTION
Honey is a natural sweet substance produced by Apis

mellifera bees from the nectar of plants, used by
human beings since ancient times.
Advantages
Health Benefits:
Consuming honey provides a multitude of benefits in
the health and nutrition area. If you add honey
supplements or honey in general to your everyday diet,
it can positively affect a multitude of health-related
areas.
These products not only have antiseptic and
antibacterial properties you can use for wounds and
cuts but also offer a direct relief to allergies. They’re full
of antioxidants, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and
more.
2
Replacement for Sugar:
In most recipes, honey can replace sugar. It can add a
slightly different flavor to whatever recipe you’re
putting it into.
Disadvantages
Can’t Feed to Babies:

Botulism is a direct risk if a baby consumes honey.
Babies just don’t have the digestive systems to handle
honey.
High Calorie Count:

You get more benefits from honey than you do from
sugar, but it’s also important to look at the overall
calorie count. It doesn’t seem like it would be the case,
but one tablespoon of honey exceeds the calories of
one tablespoon or sugar. Keep that in mind when
you’re using it as a replacement or when eating it in
general.
3
Experiment
1) Test for Calcium:
2ml of honey is taken in a test tube and NH 4Cl solution
and NH4OH solution are added to it. The solution is
filtered and to the filtrate 2ml of ammonium oxalate
solution is added. White precipitate. or milkiness
indicates the presence of Ca2+ ions.
2) Test for Magnesium:

2 ml of honey is taken in a test tube and NH 4Cl solution
is added to it and then excess of Ammonium phosphate
solution is added. The side of the test tube is scratched
with a glass rod. White precipitate indicates the
presence of Mg2+ ions.
3) Test for carbohydrates:

 Fehling`s test: 2mL of honey is taken in a test tube and
1mL each of Fehling`s solution A and Fehling`s solution B
are added to it and boiled. Red precipitate indicates the
presence of reducing sugars.
 Tollens’s test: 2-3 mL of aqueous solution of honey is
taken in a test tube. 2-3mL of Tollens’s reagent is added.
The test tube is kept in a boiling water bath for about
ten minutes. A shining silver mirror indicates the
presence of reducing carbohydrates.
4
OBSERVATION
TEST OBSERVATION INFERENCE
TEST FOR CALCIUM White Calcium is

Honey + NH4Cl+NH4OH precipitate or absent
solution filtered + milkiness is
(NH4)2C2O4 not observed
TEST FOR MAGNESIUM White Magnesium is

Honey+NH4OH (till solution precipitate is absent
becomes alkaline) + not observed
(NH4)3PO4
Fehling’s TEST Red Reducing sugar

Honey + 1ml each of precipitate is is present
Fehling’s solution A and observed
Fehling’s solution B
Tollen’s TEST Shining silver Reducing

Honey + 2-3ml Tollen’s mirror is carbohydrate is
reagent, test tube in water observed present
bath for 10 minutes
5
CONCLUSION
Calcium and magnesium are absent in honey

but Reducing sugar and Reducing
carbohydrate is present in honey so honey
contains carbohydrates.
Honey is a type of carbohydrate, mainly
consisting of the monosaccharide’s fructose
and glucose
6
PICTURE GALLERY
CALCIUM
AND Absence of Cu and Mg
MAGNESIUM (no white ppt formed)
FEHLING’S Presence of reducing

TEST sugar (red ppt formed)
TOLLEN’S
Presence of reducing
TEST
carbohydrates (silver
mirror formed)
7
BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://www.seminarsonly.com/
Engineering-Projects/Chemistry/
Analysis-Of-Honey.php
https://www.intechopen.com/
chapters/71122

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ANALYSIS OF HONEY

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

First, I thank Almighty God for his blessings and support

SL.NO TOPIC PAGE.NO

The main objective of this investigation is to study /

Honey is a natural sweet substance produced by Apis

Can’t Feed to Babies:

High Calorie Count:

2) Test for Magnesium:

3) Test for carbohydrates:

TEST OBSERVATION INFERENCE

TEST FOR CALCIUM White Calcium is

TEST FOR MAGNESIUM White Magnesium is

Fehling’s TEST Red Reducing sugar

Tollen’s TEST Shining silver Reducing

Calcium and magnesium are absent in honey

FEHLING’S Presence of reducing

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