Test Bank For Modern Business Statistics With Microsoft Excel 5Th Edition Anderson Weeney Williams 1285433300 978128543330 Full Chapter PDF
Test Bank For Modern Business Statistics With Microsoft Excel 5Th Edition Anderson Weeney Williams 1285433300 978128543330 Full Chapter PDF
Test Bank For Modern Business Statistics With Microsoft Excel 5Th Edition Anderson Weeney Williams 1285433300 978128543330 Full Chapter PDF
Solution Manual:
https://testbankpack.com/p/solution-manual-for-modern-business-statistics-
with-microsoft-excel-5th-edition-anderson-weeney-williams-1285433300-
9781285433301/
MULTIPLE CHOICE
3. Which of the following graphical methods is most appropriate for categorical data?
a. ogive
b. pie chart
c. histogram
d. scatter diagram
ANS: B PTS: 1
4. In a stem-and-leaf display,
a. a single digit is used to define each stem, and a single digit is used to define each leaf
b. a single digit is used to define each stem, and one or more digits are used to define
each leaf
c. one or more digits are used to define each stem, and a single digit is used to define
each leaf
d. one or more digits are used to define each stem, and one or more digits are used to
define each leaf
ANS: C PTS: 1
5. A graphical method that can be used to show both the rank order and shape of a data
set simultaneously is a
a. relative frequency distribution
b. pie chart
c. stem-and-leaf display
d. pivot table
ANS: C PTS: 1
6. The proper way to construct a stem-and-leaf display for the data set {62, 67, 68, 73, 73, 79, 91, 94, 95,
97} is to
a. exclude a stem labeled ‘8’
b. include a stem labeled ‘8’ and enter no leaves on the stem
c. include a stem labeled ‘(8)’ and enter no leaves on the stem
d. include a stem labeled ‘8’ and enter one leaf value of ‘0’ on the stem
ANS: B PTS: 1
7. Data that provide labels or names for groupings of like items are known as
a. categorical data
b. quantitative data
c. label data
d. generic data
ANS: A PTS: 1
8. A researcher is gathering data from four geographical areas designated: South 1; North 2; East 3; West
4. The designated geographical regions represent
a. categorical data
b. quantitative data
c. directional data
d. either quantitative or categorical data
ANS: A PTS: 1
12. The sum of frequencies for all classes will always equal
a. 1
b. the number of elements in a data set
c. the number of classes
d. a value between 0 and 1
ANS: B PTS: 1
13. In constructing a frequency distribution, as the number of classes are decreased, the class width
a. decreases
b. remains unchanged
c. increases
d. can increase or decrease depending on the data values
ANS: C PTS: 1
14. If several frequency distributions are constructed from the same data set, the distribution with the
widest class width will have the
a. fewest classes
b. most classes
c. same number of classes as the other distributions since all are constructed from the
same data
d. None of the other answers are correct.
ANS: A PTS: 1
15. Excel's can be used to construct a frequency distribution for categorical data.
a. DISTRIBUTION function
b. SUM function
c. FREQUENCY function
d. COUNTIF function
ANS: D PTS: 1
16. A tabular summary of a set of data showing the fraction of the total number of items in
several nonoverlapping classes is a
a. frequency distribution.
b. relative frequency distribution.
c. frequency.
d. cumulative frequency distribution.
ANS: B PTS: 1
18. The sum of the relative frequencies for all classes will always equal
a. the sample size
b. the number of classes
c. one
d. 100
ANS: C PTS: 1
19. A tabular summary of data showing the percentage of items in each of several nonoverlapping
classes is a
a. frequency distribution
b. relative frequency distribution
c. percent frequency distribution
d. cumulative percent frequency distribution
ANS: C PTS: 1
21. The sum of the percent frequencies for all classes will always equal
a. one
b. the number of classes
c. the number of items in the study
d. 100
ANS: D PTS: 1
22. In a cumulative frequency distribution, the last class will always have a cumulative frequency equal to
a. one
b. 100%
c. the total number of elements in the data set
d. None of the other answers are correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1
23. In a cumulative relative frequency distribution, the last class will have a cumulative relative
frequency equal to
a. one
b. zero
c. 100
d. None of the other answers are correct.
ANS: A PTS: 1
24. In a cumulative percent frequency distribution, the last class will have a cumulative percent
frequency equal to
a. one
b. 100
c. the total number of elements in the data set
d. None of the other answers are correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1
25. The difference between the lower class limits of adjacent classes provides the
a. number of classes
b. class limits
c. class midpoint
d. class width
ANS: D PTS: 1
26. A graphical device for depicting categorical data that have been summarized in a frequency
distribution, relative frequency distribution, or percent frequency distribution is a(n)
a. histogram
b. stem-and-leaf display
c. ogive
d. bar chart
ANS: D PTS: 1
27. A graphical device for presenting categorical data summaries based on subdivision of a circle
into sectors that correspond to the relative frequency for each class is a
a. histogram
b. stem-and-leaf display
c. pie chart
d. bar chart
ANS: C PTS: 1
29. Fifteen percent of the students in a School of Business Administration are majoring in Economics,
20% in Finance, 35% in Management, and 30% in Accounting. The graphical device(s) that can
be used to present these data is (are)
a. a line graph
b. only a bar chart
c. only a pie chart
d. both a bar chart and a pie chart
ANS: D PTS: 1
30. Methods that use simple arithmetic and easy-to-draw graphs to summarize data quickly are called
a. exploratory data analysis
b. relative frequency distributions
c. bar charts
d. pie charts
ANS: A PTS: 1
31. The total number of data items with a value less than or equal to the upper limit for the class is
given by the
a. frequency distribution
b. relative frequency distribution
c. cumulative frequency distribution
d. cumulative relative frequency distribution
ANS: C PTS: 1
32. Excel's can be used to construct a frequency distribution for quantitative data.
a. COUNTIF function
b. SUM function
c. PivotTable Report
d. AVERAGE function
ANS: C PTS: 1
33. A graphical display of a frequency distribution, relative frequency distribution, or percent frequency
distribution of quantitative data constructed by placing the class intervals on the horizontal axis and
the frequencies on the vertical axis is a
a. histogram
b. bar chart
c. stem-and-leaf display
d. pie chart
ANS: A PTS: 1
35. When using Excel to create a one must edit the chart to remove the gaps between
rectangles.
a. scatter diagram
b. bar chart
c. histogram
d. pie chart
ANS: C PTS: 1
39. To construct a bar chart using Excel's Chart Tools, choose as the chart type.
a. column
b. pie
c. scatter
d. line
ANS: A PTS: 1
40. To construct a pie chart using Excel's Chart Tools, choose as the chart type.
a. column
b. pie
c. scatter
d. line
ANS: B PTS: 1
41. To construct a histogram using Excel's Chart Tools, choose as the chart type.
a. column
b. pie
c. scatter
d. line
ANS: A PTS: 1
42. Excel's Chart Tools does not have a chart type for constructing a
a. bar chart
b. pie chart
c. histogram
d. stem-and-leaf display
ANS: D PTS: 1
43. A tabular method that can be used to summarize the data on two variables simultaneously is called
a. simultaneous equations
b. a crosstabulation
c. a histogram
d. a dot plot
ANS: B PTS: 1
45. In a crosstabulation
a. both variables must be categorical
b. both variables must be quantitative
c. one variable must be categorical and the other must be quantitative
d. either or both variables can be categorical or quantitative
ANS: D PTS: 1
48. When the conclusions based upon the aggregated crosstabulation can be completely reversed if
we look at the unaggregated data, the occurrence is known as
a. reverse correlation
b. inferential statistics
c. Simpson's paradox
d. disaggregation
ANS: C PTS: 1
49. Before drawing any conclusions about the relationship between two variables shown in
a crosstabulation, you should
a. investigate whether any hidden variables could affect the conclusions
b. construct a scatter diagram and find the trendline
c. develop a relative frequency distribution
d. construct an ogive for each of the variables
ANS: A PTS: 1
50. A histogram is not appropriate for displaying which of the following types of information?
a. frequency
b. relative frequency
c. cumulative frequency
d. percent frequency
ANS: C PTS: 1
51. For stem-and-leaf displays where the leaf unit is not stated, the leaf unit is assumed to
equal a. 0
b. .1
c. 1
d. 10
ANS: C PTS: 1
52. Which of the following graphical methods is not intended for quantitative data?
a. ogive
b. dot plot
c. scatter diagram
d. pie chart
ANS: D PTS: 1
53. Which of the following is least useful in studying the relationship between two variables?
a. trendline
b. stem-and-leaf display
c. crosstabulation
d. scatter diagram
ANS: B PTS: 1
54. The sum of the relative frequencies in any relative frequency distribution always equals
a. the number of observations
b. 1.00
c. 100
d. the number of variables
ANS: B PTS: 1
55. The sum of the frequencies in any frequency distribution always equals
a. the number of observations
b. 1.00
c. 100
d. the number of variables
ANS: A PTS: 1
Exhibit 2-1
The numbers of hours worked (per week) by 400 statistics students are shown below.
56. Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The class width for this distribution
a. is 9
b. is 10
c. is 39, which is: the largest value minus the smallest value or 39 0 39
d. varies from class to class
ANS: B PTS: 1
58. Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The number of students working 19 hours or less
a. is 80
b. is 100
c. is 180
d. is 300
ANS: B PTS: 1
59. Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The relative frequency of students working 9 hours or less
a. is 20
b. is 100
c. is 0.95
d. 0.05
ANS: D PTS: 1
60. Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The cumulative relative frequency for the class of 20 29
a. is 300
b. is 0.25
c. is 0.75
d. is 0.5
ANS: C PTS: 1
62. Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The percentage of students working 19 hours or less is
a. 20%
b. 25%
c. 75%
d. 80%
ANS: B PTS: 1
63. Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The cumulative percent frequency for the class of 30 39 is
a. 100%
b. 75%
c. 50%
d. 25%
ANS: A PTS: 1
64. Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The cumulative frequency for the class of 20 29
a. is 200
b. is 300
c. is 0.75
d. is 0.50
ANS: B PTS: 1
65. Refer to Exhibit 2-1. If a cumulative frequency distribution is developed for the above data, the
last class will have a cumulative frequency of
a. 100
b. 1
c. 30 39
d. 400
ANS: D PTS: 1
66. Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The percentage of students who work at least 10 hours per week is
a. 50%
b. 5%
c. 95%
d. 100%
ANS: C PTS: 1
Exhibit 2-2
Information on the type of industry is provided for a sample of 50 Fortune 500 companies.
67. Refer to Exhibit 2-2. The number of industries that are classified as retail is
a. 32
b. 18
c. 0.36
d. 36%
ANS: B PTS: 1
68. Refer to Exhibit 2-2. The relative frequency of industries that are classified as banking is
a. 7
b. 0.07
c. 0.70
d. 0.14
ANS: D PTS: 1
69. Refer to Exhibit 2-2. The percent frequency of industries that are classified as electronics is
a. 10
b. 20
c. 0.10
d. 0.20
ANS: B PTS: 1
Exhibit 2-3
The number of sick days taken (per month) by 200 factory workers is summarized below.
70. Refer to Exhibit 2-3. The class width for this distribution
a. is 5
b. is 6
c. is 20, which is: the largest value minus the smallest value or 20 0 20
d. varies from class to class
ANS: B PTS: 1
72. Refer to Exhibit 2-3. The number of workers who took less than 11 sick days per month
a. was 15
b. was 200
c. was 185
d. was 65
ANS: C PTS: 1
73. Refer to Exhibit 2-3. The number of workers who took at most 10 sick days per month
a. was 15
b. was 200
c. was 185
d. was 65
ANS: C PTS: 1
74. Refer to Exhibit 2-3. The number of workers who took more than 10 sick days per month
a. was 15
b. was 200
c. was 185
d. was 65
ANS: A PTS: 1
75. Refer to Exhibit 2-3. The number of workers who took at least 11 sick days per month
a. was 15
b. was 200
c. was 185
d. was 65
ANS: A PTS: 1
76. Refer to Exhibit 2-3. The relative frequency of workers who took 10 or fewer sick days
a. was 185
b. was 0.925
c. was 93
d. was 15
ANS: B PTS: 1
77. Refer to Exhibit 2-3. The cumulative relative frequency for the class of 11 15
a. is 199
b. is 0.07
c. is 1
d. is 0.995
ANS: D PTS: 1
78. Refer to Exhibit 2-3. The percentage of workers who took 0 - 5 sick days per month was
a. 20%
b. 120%
c. 75%
d. 60%
ANS: D PTS: 1
79. Refer to Exhibit 2-3. The cumulative percent frequency for the class of 16 20 is
a. 100%
b. 65%
c. 92.5%
d. 0.5%
ANS: A PTS: 1
80. Refer to Exhibit 2-3. The cumulative frequency for the class of 11 15
a. is 200
b. is 14
c. is 199
d. is 1
ANS: C PTS: 1
Exhibit 2-4
A survey of 400 college seniors resulted in the following crosstabulation regarding their
undergraduate major and whether or not they plan to go to graduate school.
Undergraduate Major
Graduate School Business Engineering Others Total
Yes 35 42 63 140
No 91 104 65 260
Total 126 146 128 400
81. Refer to Exhibit 2-4. What percentage of the students does not plan to go to graduate school?
a. 280
b. 520
c. 65
d. 32
ANS: C PTS: 1
82. Refer to Exhibit 2-4. What percentage of the students' undergraduate major is engineering?
a. 292
b. 520
c. 65
d. 36.5
ANS: D PTS: 1
83. Refer to Exhibit 2-4. Of those students who are majoring in business, what percentage plans to go
to graduate school?
a. 27.78
b. 8.75
c. 70
d. 72.22
ANS: A PTS: 1
84. Refer to Exhibit 2-4. Among the students who plan to go to graduate school, what percentage indicated
"Other" majors?
a. 15.75
b. 45
c. 54
d. 35
ANS: B PTS: 1
PROBLEM
1. Thirty students in the School of Business were asked what their majors were. The following
represents their responses (M Management; A Accounting; E Economics; O Others).
A M M A M M E M O A
E E M A O E M A M A
M A O A M E E M A M
ANS:
a. and b.
PTS: 1
2. Twenty employees of ABC Corporation were asked if they liked or disliked the new district
manager. Below are their responses. Let L represent liked and D represent disliked.
L L D L D
D D L L D
D L D D L
D D D D L
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both upper and lower radial nervules uniting with the posterior branch of
the subcostal. It has been treated as a moth by several entomologists.
Aurivillius considers that it is certainly a butterfly; but as the
metamorphoses are unknown, we cannot yet form a final opinion as to
this curious form. The extraordinary Peruvian Insect, Styx infernalis, is
also placed in this family by Staudinger; it is a small, pale Insect, almost
white, and with imperfect scales; a little recalling a Satyrid. It appears to
be synthetic to Pieridae and Erycinidae.
Wallace informs us that the great majority of the species of the Amazon
valley frequent the shady groves of the virgin forest. In many cases the
sexes are extremely different in appearance and habits, and are but
rarely found together in one spot. The genus Ornithoptera is closely
allied to Papilio, and contains some of the most remarkable of
butterflies, the homes of the species being the islands of the Malay
Archipelago, and outlying groups of islands, there being a smaller
number of species in the neighbouring continents. The females are of
great size, and are so excessively different from their consorts of the
other sex, as to arouse in the student a feeling of surprise, and a strong
desire to fathom the mysteries involved.
Fig. 184—Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) paradisea, female. × 1. (The wings, on the
right side, detached, showing the under surface. Colours, black, white, and gray.)
There is great difference among the members of the family, and some
of them possess a very high development of the powers of locomotion,
with a correspondingly perfect structure of the thoracic region, so that,
after inspection of these parts, we can quite believe Wallace's
statement that the larger and strong-bodied kinds are remarkable for
the excessive rapidity of their flight, which, indeed, he was inclined to
consider surpassed that of any other Insects. "The eye cannot follow
them as they dart past; and the air, forcibly divided, gives out a deep
sound louder than that produced by the humming-bird itself. If power of
wing and rapidity of flight could place them in that rank, they should be
considered the most highly organised of butterflies." It was probably to
the genera Pyrrhopyge, Erycides, etc., that Mr. Wallace alluded in the
above remarks. Although the Hesperiidae are not as a rule beautifully
coloured, yet many of these higher forms are most tastefully
ornamented; parts of the wings, wing-fringes, and even the bodies
being set with bright but agreeable colours. We mention these facts
because it is a fashion to attribute a lowly organisation to the family, and
to place it as ancestral to other butterflies. Some of them have
crepuscular habits, but this is also the case with a variety of other
Rhopalocera in the tropics.
Simultaneously with the works above alluded to, Mr. Meyrick has
given[233] a new classification of the Order. We allude, in other pages,
to various points in Mr. Meyrick's classification, which is made to appear
more revolutionary than it really is, in consequence of the radical
changes in nomenclature combined with it.
N.B.—This table is not simply dichotomic; three contrasted categories are used
in the case of the primary divisions, A, B, C, and the secondary divisions, I,
II, III.
A. Fore wing with nervule 5 coming from the middle of the discocellulars, or
nearer 6 than 4 (Categories I, II, III = 1-18).
I. Frenulum rudimentary. .......... Fam. 38. Epicopeiidae, see p. 418.
II. Frenulum absent (Categories 1-8).
1. Proboscis present, legs with spurs (Cat. 2-5).
2. Hind wing with nervule 8 remote from 7 (Cat. 3 and 4).
3. Fore wing with nervule 6 and 7 stalked .......... Fam. 39. Uraniidae,
see p. 419.
4. Fore wing with nervules 6 and 7 not stalked .......... Fam. 5.
Ceratocampidae, see p. 375.
5. Hind wing with nervule 8 nearly touching 7 beyond end of cell ..........
Fam. 4. Brahmaeidae, see p. 374.
6. Proboscis absent, legs without spurs (Cat. 7 and 8).
7. Hind wing with one internal nervure .......... Fam. 3. Saturniidae, see
p. 372.
8. Hind wing with two or three internal nervures .......... Fam. 6.
Bombycidae, see p. 375.
III. Frenulum present (Cat. 9-18).
9. Antennae fusiform [spindle-shaped] .......... Fam. 9. Sphingidae, see
p. 380.
10. Antennae not fusiform (Cat. 11-18).
11. Proboscis absent .......... Fam. 7. Eupterotidae, see p. 376.
12. Proboscis present (Cat. 13-18).
13. Hind wing with nervule 8 curved and almost touching 7 after end of
cell; nervure 1a reaching anal angle .......... Fam. 12.
Cymatophoridae, see p. 386.
14. Hind wing with nervule 8 remote from 7 after end of cell (Cat. 15-
18).
15. Tarsi as short as tibia, hairy; stoutly built moths .......... Fam. 11.
Notodontidae,[237] see p. 383.
16. Tarsi long and naked; slightly built moths (Cat. 17 and 18)
17. Fore wing with nervule 7 remote from 8, and generally stalked
with 6 .......... Fam. 40. Epiplemidae, see p. 420.
18. Fore wing with nervule 7 given off from 8; hind wing with
nervure 1a short or absent .......... Fam. 36. Geometridae, see
p. 411.
B. Fore wing with nervule 5 coming from lower angle of cell or nearer 4 than 6
[see figures 161 and 162, pp. 318, 319] (Categories 19-58).
19. Hind wing with more than 8 nervules (Cat. 20, 21).
20. Proboscis absent, no mandibles nor ligula; size not very small ..........
Fam. 23. Hepialidae, see p. 396.
21. Mandibles, long palpi and ligula present; size very small .......... Fam.
47. Micropterygidae, see p. 435.
22. Hind wing with not more than 8 nervules (Cat. 23-58).
23. Hind wing with nervule 8 remote from 7 after origin of nervules 6 and 7
(Cat. 24-51).
24. Frenulum absent (Cat. 25-29).
25. Hind wing with one internal nervure; nervule 8 with a precostal spur
.......... Fam. 31. Pterothysanidae, see p. 406.
26. Hind wing with two internal nervures (Cat. 27 and 28).
27. Hind wing with a bar between nervules 7 and 8 near the base;
nervure 1a directed to middle of inner margin .......... Fam. 30.
Endromidae, see p. 406.
28. Hind wing with no bar between nervules 7 and 8; nervure 1a
directed to anal angle .......... Fam. 29. Lasiocampidae, see
p. 405.
29. Hind wing with three internal nervures .......... Fam. 21. Arbelidae,
see p. 396.
30. Frenulum present (Cat. 31-51).
31. Hind wing with nervule 8 aborted .......... Fam. 15. Syntomidae,
see p. 388.
32. Hind wing with nervule 8 present (Cat. 33-51).
33. Antennae knobbed .......... Fam. 1. Castniidae, see p. 371.
34. Antennae filiform, or (rarely) dilated a little towards the tip (Cat.
35-51).
35. Fore wing with nervure 1c present (Cat. 36-43).
36. Hind wing with nervule 8 free from the base or connected
with 7 by a bar (Cat. 37-42).
37. Proboscis present .......... Fam. 16. Zygaenidae, see
p. 390.
38. Proboscis absent (Cat. 39-42).
39. Palpi rarely absent; ♀ winged; larvae wood-borers ..........
Fam. 20. Cossidae, see p. 395.
40. Palpi absent; ♀ apterous (Cat. 41, 42).
41. ♀ rarely with legs; ♀ and larvae case-dwellers ..........
Fam. 19. Psychidae, see p. 392.
42. ♀ and larvae free[238] .......... Fam. 18. Heterogynidae,
see p. 392.
43. Hind wing with nervule 8 anastomosing shortly with 7 ..........
Fam. 26. Limacodidae, see. p. 401.
44. Fore wing with nervure 1c absent (Cat. 45-51).
45. Hind wing with nervule 8 rising out of 7 .......... Fam. 34.
Arctiidae, see p. 408.
46. Hind wing with nervule 8 connected with 7 by a bar, or
touching it near middle of cell (Cat. 47, 48).
47. Palpi with the third joint naked and reaching far above
vertex of head; proboscis present .......... Fam. 33.
Hypsidae, see p. 408.
48. Palpi not reaching above vertex of head; proboscis absent
or very minute .......... Fam. 32. Lymantriidae, see p. 406.
49. Hind wing with nervule 8 anastomosing shortly with 7 near
the base; proboscis well developed (Cat. 50, 51).
50. Antennae more or less thick towards tip .......... Fam. 35.
Agaristidae, see p. 410.
51. Antennae filiform .......... Fam. 37. Noctuidae, see p. 414.
52. Hind wing with nervule 8 curved and nearly or quite touching nervure 7,
or anastomosing with it after origin of nervules 6 and 7 (Cat. 53-58).
53. Hind wing with nervure 1c absent (Cat. 54-57).
54. Hind wing with nervule 8 with a precostal spur .......... Fam. 24.
Callidulidae, see p. 400.
55. Hind wing with nervule 8 with no precostal spur (Cat. 56, 57).
56. Hind wing with nervure 1a absent or very short .......... Fam. 25.
Drepanidae, see p. 400.
57. Hind wing with nervure 1a almost or quite reaching anal angle
.......... Fam. 28. Thyrididae, see p. 404.
58. Hind wing with nervure 1c present .......... Fam. 41. Pyralidae, see
p. 420.
C. Fore wing with 4 nervules arising from the cell at almost even distances
apart (Cat. 59-66).
59. Wings not divided into plumes (Cat. 60-63).
60. Hind wing with nervule 8 coincident with 7 .......... Fam. 13. Sesiidae,
see p. 386.
61. Hind wing with nervule 8 free (Cat. 62, 63).
62. Fore wing with nervure 1b simple or with a very minute fork at base
.......... Fam. 14. Tinaegeriidae, see p. 387.
63. Fore wing with nervure 1a forming a large fork with 1b at base ..........
Fam. 45. Tineidae, see p. 428.
64. Wings divided into plumes (Cat. 65, 66).
65. Fore wing divided into at most two, hind wing into three plumes ..........
Fam. 42. Pterophoridae, see p. 426.
66. Fore wing and hind wing each divided into three plumes .......... Fam.
43. Alucitidae (= Orneodidae), see p. 426.
The species are apparently great, lovers of heat and can tolerate a very
dry atmosphere.[240] The transformations of very few have been
observed; so far as is known the larvae feed in stems; and somewhat
resemble those of Goat-moths or Leopard-moths (Cossidae); the
caterpillar of C. therapon lives in the stems of Brazilian orchids, and as
a consequence has been brought to Europe, and the moth there
disclosed. The pupae are in general structure of the incomplete
character, and have transverse rows of spines, as is the case with other
moths of different families, but having larvae with similar habits.[241]
Castnia eudesmia forms a large cocoon of fragments of vegetable
matter knitted together with silk. These Insects are rare in collections;
they do not ever appear in numbers, and are generally very difficult to
capture.
About seventy genera and several hundred species are already known
of this interesting family. They are widely distributed on the globe,
though there are but few in Australia. Our only British species, the
Emperor moth, Saturnia pavonia, is by no means rare, and its larva is a
beautiful object; bright green with conspicuous tubercles of a rosy, or
yellow, colour. It affects an unusual variety of food-plants, sloe and
heather being favourites; the writer has found it at Wicken flourishing on
the leaves of the yellow water-lily. Although the Emperor moth is one of
the largest of our native Lepidopterous Insects, it is one of the smallest
of the Saturniidae.
The larvae of other forms have the habit of forming dense webs, more
or less baglike, for common habitation by a great number of caterpillars,
and they afterwards spin their cocoons inside these receptacles. This
has been ascertained to occur in the case of several species of the
genus Anaphe, as has been described and illustrated by Dr. Fischer,
[246] Lord Walsingham,[247] and Dr. Holland.[248] The structures are
said to be conspicuous objects on trees in some parts of Africa. The
common dwelling of this kind formed by the caterpillars of Hypsoides
radama in Madagascar is said to be several feet in length; but the
structures of most of the other species are of much smaller size.
The larvae of the South American genus Palustra, though hairy like
other Eupterotid caterpillars, are aquatic in their habits, and swim by
coiling themselves and making movements of extension; the hair on the
back is in the form of dense brushes, but at the sides of the body it is
longer and more remote; when the creatures come to the surface—
which is but rarely—the dorsal brushes are quite dry, while the lateral
hairs are wet. The stigmata are extremely small, and the mode of
respiration is not fully known. It was noticed that when taken out of the
water, and walking in the open air, these caterpillars have but little
power of maintaining their equilibrium. They pupate beneath the water
in a singular manner: a first one having formed its cocoon, others come
successively and add theirs to it so as to form a mass.[249] Another
species of Palustra, P. burmeisteri, Berg,[250] is also believed to breathe
by means of air entangled in its long clothing; it comes to the surface
occasionally, to renew the supply; the hairs of the shorter brushes are
each swollen at the extremity, but whether this may be in connexion
with respiration is not known. This species pupates out of the water,
between the leaves of plants.