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The most common AE was erythema and pain at the injection site (5%), and no differences were
observed between SLE patients and healthy controls within 12 months following immunization. The
narrow focus of this systematic literature review did not allow for comprehensive coverage of
vaccine hesitancy for all age groups, vaccines, and geographic contexts. Determinants of complete
immunization among senegalese children aged 12-23 months: evidence from the demographic and
health survey. Such a scheme would be cumbersome and difficult to implement, potentially causing
errors in treatment administration and discouraging good compliance. A multi-class sequence
extraction model works by processing the full text of a previously unseen document and then
extracting sequences of text that correspond to each text class it learned to extract. Please let us
know what you think of our products and services. Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease
(GUCDD). Conway MA, Madrigal-Estebas L, McClean S, Brayden DJ, Mills KH. Register for a
free account to start saving and receiving special member only perks. Changing practices in fixed
sites Improved quality of health facility practices can increase coverage through reducing dropout
(children that start the vaccination series, but did not complete the series) and missed opportunities
(children that were available for vaccination, but that were not vaccinated). These concerns were not
expressed by clinicians, public health personnel, or policy makers in the committee’s review. It also
provided protection against colonization 6 weeks after immunization. Immunogenicity and
tolerability to human papillomavirus-like particle vaccine in girls and young women with
inflammatory bowel disease. Outer Membrane Vesicles Obtained From Bordetella Pertussis Tohama
Expressing the Lipid A Deacylase PagL as a Novel Acellular Vaccine Candidate. The resulting
optimized NLP model at the core of this system is able to identify and extract PICO-related fields
from publications on immunization with an average accuracy of 88% across five classes of text.
Maputo: Ministerio da Saude; 2014.. In September 2019, the schedule was updated, with the
addition of the measles-rubella vaccine ( Box 1 ). Epidemiology of rotavirus infection in children
from a rural and urban area, in Maputo, Southern Mozambique, before Vaccine Introduction. This
approach would also provide information about extreme outcomes or the 95th percentile of predicted
outbreak sizes (Park et al., 2009; Rohani et al., 2009). Examination of sensitivity involves extensive
repetition of the model simulation as a critical parameter of interest (e.g., the efficacy of the first
dose of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine adsorbed administered at 3
months of age) is systematically varied. Those numbers are the result of the degree of correctness of
text extractions made by the system. Sousa Ribe and Orvalho Augusto for the inputs and
clarifications regarding the Expanded Program on Immunization. We also searched the gray
literature by requesting information from 35 websites including WHO regional databases,
dissertation, theses and gray literature database websites and contacting 31 experts in the field of
which 20 replied and 11 provided references. Furthermore, the dosing of various influenza vaccines
differs for adults and children, leading to errors in which a young child has received an adult’s dose
and an adult has received a young child’s dose. In Bangladesh, an increase in immunization coverage
was linked to the use of inter-personal communication among mothers participating in a non-
government organization (NGO) credit program that encouraged child immunization without
providing additional immunization services. We further computed the number of successes, errors
and general accuracy percentage. Among the many questions about the current immunization
schedule that could be posed, the committee parsed the phrase “this question” in Part 2 of the
statement of task ( Box S-1 ) into four broad research questions of interest to stakeholders.
Ecological comparisons may be useful for monitoring disease trends and detecting epidemiological
signals; however, the information gathered from such studies could not be. Although they are highly
protective against severe pertussis disease, they fail to elicit mucosal immunity. In their sample of
350 girls and women, 36 SAEs were reported but only 1 (encephalopathy) was possibly related to the
vaccine and it resolved without sequelae. Researchers may also conduct, using VSD, population-
based epidemiological studies on the basis of signals reported through VAERS and conclusions about
biological plausibility reported by the CISA Network. Review the options and manually select one to
use for the import.
HIV-infected girls with suppressed viral load had significantly higher GMTs compared to
unsuppressed subjects. NCS therefore affords an opportunity to study potential health outcomes
among children with a range of immunization histories, and the committee encourages such efforts
through NCS and other similar cohorts to create a rich set of data for continued research. What is
clear, however, is that there must be improvements in the monitoring and tracking of the spread of
misleading and inaccurate vaccine information on the Internet. Immunization dropout rate and data
quality among children 12-23 months of age in Ghana. Addressing Parental Vaccine Hesitancy
towards Childhood Vaccines in the United States: A Systematic Literature Review of
Communication Interventions and Strategies. Vaccines. 2020; 8(4):590. However, if errors happen
when prescribing, dispensing, or administering vaccines, the adverse impact on disease prevention
could be significant, particularly to individuals who are not fully protected or have experienced a
preventable adverse vaccine event. The effects of this “too much can be an overdose” phenomenon
are also felt by healthcare professionals like doctors, in which case they could become too exposed
to the ever-present imperative to motivate people to vaccinate ( 51 ), or experience too much physical
burnout to carry out the tasks ( 45 ). Inhaled Vaccine Delivery in the Combat Against Respiratory
Viruses: A 2021 Overview of Recent Developments and Implications for COVID-19. In addition,
case-control studies can be used only if the adverse event of interest is known (see Appendix D for
further discussion). Future interventions involving HCP should carefully consider and mitigate the
potential for any unintended consequences, i.e., disturbance of the trust between HCP and parents.
Reference 1 World Health Organization; United Nations Children’s Fund. These data would permit
analyses of the fourth research question (about potentially susceptible subpopulations) that cannot be
readily conducted at this time. Allen AC, Wilk MM, Misiak A, Borkner L, Murphy D, Mills KHG.
The role of multiple immunizations in infants Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America
23(4):649-664. The committee reviewed an additional 700 comments. In Ghana, non-health workers
conducted door-to-door visits and referred all children less than five years of age to routine
immunization clinics. Considering all available evidence, it is more likely that ultimate control of
pertussis relies on the induction of potent and long-lasting immunity in the respiratory tract, which
may be achieved through mucosal vaccination. The response to human papillomavirus vaccination in
pediatric patients before and after kidney transplantation. New information has been added on
defects of innate immunity, criteria for consideration of measles-mumps-rubella and varicella
vaccines in those with partial T cell defects, contraindications for live viral vaccines in some types of
phagocytic cell defects and immunosuppressive therapy. Maputo: Ministerio da Saude; 2014.. The
80-80 goals set in 2000 by the GAVI and the WHO, which objectives were reaching: (i) ? 80% of
coverage of DTP3; (ii) in every district of more than 80% of developing countries by 2005,
culminating with the creation of the Reaching Every District (RED) strategy in 2002 19 19. It
showed differences for all types of vaccine between health facilities with the tally sheets reports,
higher values to health facilities when compared to the original tally sheets. Systematic reviews allow
for data from different studies to be rigorously assessed according to PICO principles (population,
intervention, control, outcomes). Pasteur, and he ordered his attendants to secure the dog with a
lasso, and this being done, he was dragged on to a table, and tied tightly round the jaw and held fast
while M. Glob Health Action 2017; 10:1321313. ( Figure 1 ). In 2014, the country conducted a
demo pilot for HPV vaccine for pre-teen girls in three districts, as a preparation for a national scale
vaccination, but this vaccine is not yet included in the country schedule 18 18. Safety and
immunogenicity of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in HIV-1-infected men. The same
inventory has shown that all basic vaccines were under stock rupture in the last three months before
the survey, with pneumococcal and poliovirus vaccine being the most ruptured 31 31. However,
conducting a systematic review is generally a slow process that is a significant drain on resources.
Shemwell SA, Peratikos MB, Gonzalez-Calvo L, Renom-Llonch M, Boon A, Martinho S, et al. In
the selected papers, the most consistently reported outcome indicator was the percentage change in
fully vaccinated children (FVC), although some papers used other outcomes such as percentage
change in vaccination coverage for specific antigens, dropout from routine immunizations as
measured by coverage for an early vaccine when compared to that of a later vaccine, or timeliness of
vaccination for a specified antigen. Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Pertactin-Deficient
Bordetella Pertussis in the United States.
Proceedings of the Demonstrations at the 13th Conference of the European Chapter of the
Association for Computational Linguistics. 2012 April. Avignon (FR): EACL. When administered
parenterally, wPV induced Th1-type immune responses, which are required for protection against
colonization of the respiratory tract. Fear-Based Messaging Fear-based messaging is more often than
not viewed as counterproductive in reducing vaccine hesitancy by several studies. Therefore, in
addition to developing more competent vaccines, the government and health officials should also be
more mindful about how vaccine communications are designed, developed, and deployed. Hozbor D,
Rodriguez ME, Fernandez J, Lagares A, Guiso N, Yantorno O. Then select immunizations from the
pull-down menu and enter dates. Should signals arise that there may be need for investigation,
however, the report offers a framework for conducting safety research using existing or new data
collection systems. Experiences With Vaccination in Countries Endemically Infected With Highly
Pathogenic Avian Influenza: The Food and Agriculture Organization Perspective. Hepatitis B
(recombinant) vaccine ( ENGERIX-B ) was administered instead of Tdap (Adacel)—both had
orange caps and orange markings on the label, and the Engerix-B vial was found in a refrigerator bin
reserved for Adacel. Statistical Information Statistical information and (“verbatim”) statements on
probabilities about vaccines are not as effective on their own and are not found to be as powerful as
using anecdotes and emotion-based messaging techniques. The epidemiology of diarrhea in children
under 5 years of age in Mozambique. Live Attenuated Bordetella Vaccines As an alternative to the
above-described recombinant live vectors, nasal immunization with live attenuated Bordetella itself
may combine the effectiveness of a single vaccination by live vaccines with the breath of immune
responses to B. Development and Clinical Use of an Oral Heat-Inactivated Whole Cell Pertussis
Vaccine. Vaccination Coverage Among Students From a German Health Care College. No SAEs
were reported, and both vaccines were well-tolerated with few mild systemic reactions (influenza-
like symptoms, headache, nausea). The comment period extended to May 31, 2012, and
approximately 230 individuals provided written feedback. Vaccination programs have contributed
significantly to the decline in mortality and morbidity from various infectious diseases. Other parents
express a general lack of confidence in U.S. government decisions about the safety and benefits of
the childhood immunization schedule. Should signals arise that there may be need for investigation,
however, the report offers a framework for conducting safety research using existing or new data
collection systems. The success rate was high and the error rate low, which demonstrates overall
effectiveness at the PICO extraction task. Such a scheme would be cumbersome and difficult to
implement, potentially causing errors in treatment administration and discouraging good compliance.
Polio One of the decade goals is to achieve a world free of poliomyelitis 2 2. Vaccine 2020; 38:588-
96.. The support provided by GAVI can be masked by country-specific issues that do not help to
meet expected coverage goals. Whereas in Zimbabwe 2015 DHS, the dropout rate for DTP3 and
Polio 3 was 7% and 8%, respectively. I saw there our colleague Dr. Vulpian, to whom I related what
had occurred. In addition, there are yet no data available on the immunogenicity of live attenuated
pertussis vaccines in neonates. It is also a common finding that health care professionals (HCP) are
the preferred channels for vaccine information for parents ( Table 5 ). 3.4.3. Timing of Vaccination
Information Pregnancy represents an optimal point in time for delivering vaccination information to
parents. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 1996, 74 (5): 517-524. CAS. Internet and Social
Media (Web 2.0) Parents often cite that the Internet and social media are trusted sources of
vaccination information. WHIM patient had detectable titres at 400 for HPV6, 11, 16 and titres at
100 for HPV18.
For example, some might believe that one serious adverse event that occurs once in 1 million doses is
“safe enough” compared with the benefit of prevention of serious disease, whereas others may
consider that risk unacceptably high. Cerebrospinal fluid examination was normal, did not grow any
microorganisms. Abdominal ultrasound showed ascites. For the remaining classes, the system does
not output the extracted text on finding it but rather flags the article as “true” or “false” depending
on the content of the research article. The remaining reports were classified as close calls (6%) (errors
that happened but did not reach the patient) or hazardous conditions that warrant concern (4%).
Parents also want information about how to mitigate the pain that is inflicted on their child when
receiving a vaccine. An assessment of child immunization coverage and its determinants in Sinana
District, Southeast Ethiopia. MRI showed vasculitic lesions on frontal and parietal lobes.
Seroconversion to at least one serotype was 76.3% (95%CI 62.8-89.8%) in 3-dose patients.
Furthermore, new mothers and parents often use baby apps and other phone apps throughout their
pregnancy and after childbirth for information on how to keep their child healthy. Local trends in
immunisation coverage across Africa. HCP’s communication styles with parents are important.
Vaccination greatly reduces disease, disability, death and inequity worldwide. (2008, February).
Available online: (accessed on 7 February 2020). Suppression of Mucosal Th17 Memory Responses
by Acellular Pertussis Vaccines Enhances Nasal Bordetella Pertussis Carriage. Construction and
Characterization In Vivo of Bordetella Pertussis aroA Mutants. Hozbor et al. were among the first to
suggest that B. NCS therefore affords an opportunity to study potential health outcomes among
children with a range of immunization histories, and the committee encourages such efforts through
NCS and other similar cohorts to create a rich set of data for continued research. Impact of
vaccination on the incidence of measles in Mozambique in the period 2000 to 2011. Moreover, how
safety is interpreted varies according to the severity of an adverse event and the benefit of the
vaccine. They took sick. The culture was still potent enough for that. Several studies have
demonstrated that chitosan potentiates serum and mucosal immune responses to nasally administered
FHA and PT in mice ( 37, 81 ). Article types Author guidelines Editor guidelines Publishing fees
Submission checklist Contact editorial office Frontiers in Immunology. It enhanced specific systemic
and mucosal antibody responses compared to PT alone or PT adjuvanted with the TLR-agonist CpG
ODN. Before the first meeting and throughout the committee’s deliberations, the committee
gathered information on public perspectives and reviewed the scientific literature on the safety of the
recommended childhood immunization schedule. The national immunization coverage in
Mozambique between 1997 (47%) and 2015 (66%) improved 19 percentual points; also
immunization coverage of children under 12 months has increased from 44.3% (1997) to 57%
(2015). Reference 1 World Health Organization; United Nations Children’s Fund. Adoptive transfer
experiments of serum and spleen cells from BPZE1-immunized mice demonstrated that both cell-
mediated and humoral immune responses were involved in protection induced by BPZE1 ( 63 ).
Jabbal-Gill I, Fisher AN, Rappuoli R, Davis SS, Illum L. The search strings included a variety of
combinations of terms related to “vaccine hesitancy”, “communication”, and “intervention”. One
case report Footnote 28, rated as poor quality, indicates enthesitis JIA a few days following bivalent
HPV immunization, but no immunosuppressive therapy was described. Poor communication and
negative relationships with HCP can heavily impact parents’ vaccination decisions.