Meeting The Ethical Challenges of Leadership Casting Light or Shadow 6Th Edition Johnson Test Bank Full Chapter PDF

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Johnson, Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership, 6e

SAGE Publishing, 2018
Test Bank for Meeting the Ethical Challenges of

Leadership Casting Light or Shadow 6th Edition
Johnson 1506321631 9781506321639
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leadership-casting-light-or-shadow-6th-edition-johnson-1506321631-9781506321639/
Chapter 4: Combating Evil
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. Which “face of evil” forces us to examine our motives?
A. Dreadful approach
B. Deception approach
C. Administrative approach
D. Sanctioned destruction approach
Ans: A
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Facing Evil
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Which “face of evil” is a form of narcissism (self-centeredness)?

A. Deception approach
B. Administrative/bureaucratic approach
C. Sanctioned destruction approach
D. Dreadful approach
Ans: A
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Evil as Deception
3. Which “face of evil” focuses on the power of situational factors to produce evildoing?
A. Deception approach
B. Evil as ordinary approach
C. Evil as choice approach
D. Sanctioned destruction approach
Ans: B
Answer Location: Evil as Ordinary
4. The FIRST step of the forgiveness process is

A. finding meaning in undeserved suffering
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B. dropping our anger and becoming emotionally neutral

C. acknowledging the hurt
D. recognizing the high price of dwelling on the injury
Ans: C
Answer Location: The Forgiveness Process
Difficulty Level: Hard
5. Which of the following is true of forgiveness?

A. Offered only when the offender repents
B. Forgets the past to move forward
C. Strives to be emotionally neutral
D. Takes place over an extended period of time
Ans: D
Cognitive Domain: knowledge
6. Which of the following is a benefit of forgiving others?

A. A greater sense of well-being
B. Better physical health
C. Improved relationships
D. All of these
Ans: D
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
7. Bringing warring groups together begins with

A. rejecting revenge in favor of restraint
B. empathy for the enemies’ humanity
C. commitment to restore the broken relationship
D. recalling the past and rendering a judgment
Ans: D
Cognitive domain: Application
8. All of the following are components of the definition of workplace spirituality EXCEPT:
A. community
B. inner life
C. endurance
D. meaningful work
Ans: C
Answer Location: Spirituality and Leadership
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Difficulty Level: Easy
9. Which of the following is a danger posed by workplace spirituality?

A. Imposing particular religious or spiritual views on followers
B. Demanding unquestioning obedience
C. Using spirituality as a tool to increase productivity
D. All of these
Ans: D
10. Which common spiritual practice involves self-examination?

A. Listening responsively
B. Demonstrating respect for others’ values
C. Engaging in reflective practice
D. Appreciating the contributions of others
Ans: C
11. A case example of evil as ______ is the Stanford Prison Experiment.

A. deception
B. bureaucratic
C. ordinary
D. choice
Ans: C
12. ______ is/are one of the evildoers’ most powerful tools.

A. Language
B. Nonverbal cues
C. Money
D. Logic
Ans: A
13. In the four-stage model of forgiveness, at the _____ step, the injured party realizes he or she
is paying a high price for dwelling on the injury and considers possibilities.
A. uncovering
B. decision
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C. work
D. deepening
Ans: B
14. In the four strands that explain how warring groups can bind together, ______ means to
reject revenge in favor of restraint.
A. empathy
B. commitment
C. forbearance
D. moral truth
Ans: C
15. In the four strands that explain how warring groups can bind together, ______ is used to
restore the broken relationship.
A. empathy
B. commitment
C. forbearance
D. moral truth
Ans: B
16. All of the following are components of the 5-R model for evaluating apologies EXCEPT:
A. recognition
B. repetition
C. remorse
D. revaluating
Ans: D
Answer Location: Seeking Forgiveness
17. According to Ashmos and Duchon, the ______ refers to the fact that employees have
spiritual needs.
A. meaningful work
B. community
C. inner life
D. exterior life
Ans: C
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18. ______ refers to the fact that organization members desire connection to others.
A. Meaningful work
B. Community
C. Inner life
D. Exterior life
Ans: B
19. _____ is a concern about future consequences of actions for this and future generations.
A. Humanism
B. Generativity
C. Benevolence
D. Humility
Ans: B
20. ______ promotes honesty, sincerity, and candor.

A. Justice
B. Mutuality
C. Integrity
D. Humility
Ans: C
21. ______ evil is based on technology and logic.

A. Administrative
B. Ordinary
C. Deception
D. Coercive
Ans: A
22. In the ______ stage of forgiveness, the forgiver recognizes the high price he or she is paying
for dwelling on the injury.
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A. acceptance
B. denial
C. decision
D. deception
Ans: C
23. Workplace spirituality emphasizes inner life, meaningful work, and ______.
A. beauty
B. community
C. purpose
D. ethics
Ans: B
24. In evil as ______, individuals are consumed with keeping up appearances.

A. decision
B. acceptance
C. administration
D. deception
Ans: D
Answer Location: Evil as Deception
25. In the ______, aggression provokes retaliation which in turn provokes further aggression.
A. cycle of deception
B. cycle of despair
C. cycle of evil
D. cycle of denial
Ans: C
Answer Location: Breaking the Cycle of Evil
26. The evil as ______ perspective focuses on the situational factors that cause normal people to
become evildoers.
A. ordinary
B. deception
C. despair
D. administration
Ans: A
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27. ______ can help restore the dignity of victims and promote healing.
A. Correspondence
B. Thankfulness
C. Prayer
D. Apologies
Ans: D
28. Many ______ (pseudo or inauthentic) come up short.

A. correspondence
B. thankful words
C. prayers
D. apologies
Ans: D
29. ______ is confidence in the character and truthfulness of the organization and its
representatives.
A. Humility
B. Integrity
C. Trust
D. Care
Ans: C
30. ______ apologies do not question whether the victim was damaged.
A. Humble
B. Authentic
C. Trusting
D. Caring
Ans: B
31. ______ is likely to continue when others fail to intervene to stop it.
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A. Power
B. Evil
C. Wrongdoing
D. Care
Ans: B
32. The first phase of the four-stage model of forgiveness is ______, a victim may initially deny
that a problem exists.
A. decision
B. uncovering
C. work
D. deepening
Ans: B
33. The fourth and final phase of the four-stage model of forgiveness, ______, describes the
outcomes of forgiving.
A. decision
B. uncovering
C. work
D. deepening
Ans: D
34. ______ is the recognition that employees have an inner life that nourishes and is nourished
by meaningful work that takes place in the context of community.
A. Workplace spirituality
B. Moral identity
C. Moral reasoning
D. Deepening
Ans: A
35. All are part of the four strands that can help bring reconciliation between warring groups
EXCEPT:
A. moral truth
B. empathy
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C. commitment
D. compassion
Ans: D
36. All of the following are part of the 5-R model for evaluating the apologies of others
EXCEPT:
A. remorse
B. recognition
C. respect
D. repetition
Ans: C
37. With ______, the person takes concrete steps to aid the victim.
A. restitution
B. remorse
C. respect
D. repetition
Ans: A
38. ______ refers to the fact that workers typically are motivated by more than material rewards.
A. Inner life
B. Workplace spirituality
C. Meaningful work
D. Meaningful life
Ans: C
39. ______ is kindness toward others, desire to promote the happiness, and prosperity of
employees.
A. Benevolence
B. Humility
C. Integrity
D. Compassion
Ans: A
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True/False
40. More and more academics are studying the link between spiritual values and practices and
organizational performance.
Ans: T
41. To forgive, we must forget past wrongs and move on.

Ans: F
42. Religion and spirituality are interchangeable terms.

Ans: F
43. Evildoers are often ordinary people.

Ans: T
44. The evil as choice perspective emphasizes the motivations behind evil.
Ans: F
45. The positive outcomes of forgiving are experienced in the deepening phase of the forgiveness
process.
Ans: T
46. In order for warring groups to reconcile, both parties must acknowledge that one or both
caused injury.
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Ans: T
47. In evil as ordinary group, members draw a mental circle.

Ans: F
Answer Location: Evil as Exclusion
48. A number of scholars argue that we become good or evil through a series of small,
incremental decisions.
Ans: T
Answer Location: Evil as a Choice
49. Authentic apologies are frequently vague.

Ans: F
Short Answer/Essay
50. Briefly describe the four-stage model of forgiveness.
Ans: In the first phase, uncovering, a victim may initially deny that a problem exists. During the
second phase, decision, the injured party recognizes that he or she is paying a high price for
dwelling on the injury, considers the possibility of forgiveness, and commits himself or herself to
forgiving. Forgiveness is accomplished in the third stage, work. The wronged party tries to
understand (not condone) the victimizer’s background and motivation. The fourth and final
phase, deepening, describes the outcomes of forgiving.
51. Define workplace spirituality.

Ans: The recognition that employees have an inner life that nourishes and is nourished by
meaningful work that takes place in the context of community.
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52. According to Robert Enright, professor of educational psychology and president of the
International Forgiveness Institute at the University of Wisconsin, name four things forgiveness
is NOT.
Ans: Forgetting past wrongs to “move on”
Excusing or condoning bad, damaging behavior
Reconciliation or coming together again (forgiveness opens the way to reconciliation, but the
other person must change or desire to reconcile)
Reducing the severity of offenses
Offering a legal pardon
Pretending to forgive in order to wield power over another person
Ignoring the offender
Dropping our anger and becoming emotionally neutral
53. Describe the benefits of apologies.

Ans: Apologies can be highly beneficial. They help restore the dignity of victims and promote
healing. They acknowledge that the victim or group of victims was indeed wronged and assures
them of safety. Apologizing also signals a commitment to the relationship as well as to shared
values. Victims see the offender suffer through his or her expressions of remorse; reparations
help to repair the damage. Apologizers develop a sense of integrity and greater self-awareness.
By seeking forgiveness, offenders open the door to dialogue with victims.
54. Dispute resolution expert Susan Opotow believes that moral exclusion progresses through
five states or elements that reinforce one another and can become a vicious cycle that ends in
death and destruction. What are these five states?
Ans: Conflicts of interest are salient, group categorizations are salient, moral justifications are
prominent, unjust procedures are described as expedient, and harmful outcomes occur.
Answer Location: Evil as Exclusion
55. Describe the four strands that can help bring reconciliation between warring groups.
Ans: The first strand is moral truth, the second strand of the cable is forbearance, the third strand
is empathy for the enemies’ humanity, and the fourth and final strand of the forgiveness cable is
commitment to restore the broken relationship.
56. Name and briefly describe the common spiritual practices that help leaders become more
ethical and effective.
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Ans: Demonstrating respect for others’ values, treating others fairly, expression of caring and
concern, listening responsively, appreciating the contributions of others, and engaging in
reflective practice.
57. Identify the possible dangers of workplace spirituality.

Ans: Answers will vary, but here is the in-text summary: Noting these pitfalls can keep us from
falling victim to them as leaders or followers. To begin, some leaders view spirituality solely as a
tool for increasing follower commitment (obedience) and productivity, losing sight of the fact
that spirituality has value in and of itself, helping organizational members find meaning and
establish connections. Other leaders try to impose their particular religious and spiritual views on
followers. In the worst case scenario, authoritarian leaders engage in spiritual abuse. They use
spirituality to reinforce their power, to seek selfish (often fraudulent) goals, and to foster
dependency in followers. Spiritual abuse is a danger in business organizations as well as
religious ones. Common abusive tactics include (1) overemphasizing spiritual authority and
forbidding challenges from followers; (2) demanding unquestioning obedience as a sign of
follower loyalty, which takes away the right of subordinates to make their own choices; (3)
keeping members apart from outsiders and dismissing external critics while, at the same time,
hiding character flaws and unethical practices from the public; (4) insisting on rigid beliefs and
behavior while demanding conformity and perfection; (5) suppressing follower dissent through
humiliation, deprivation, and other means; and (6) using nearly absolute power to engage in
fraud, sexual immorality, and other unethical practices.
58. Compare and contrast the six faces of evil. What overall picture of evil emerges from your
analysis?
Ans: Varies
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
59. What are some of the improvements spirituality can make in the workplace?
Ans: Varies
60. As a follower, what steps can you take to resist pressure to do evil?
Ans: Varies
61. Is forgiveness “one of a leader’s most powerful weapons in the fight against evil?” Why or
why not?
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Ans: Varies
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
62. Apply the four-stage model of forgiveness to a real-life example of reconciliation. How well
does the model reflect what happened in this case? What do you learn from this example?
Ans: Varies
63. What role should spirituality play in shaping a leader’s ethical decisions and behavior?
Defend your position.
Ans: Varies
64. Which spiritual discipline would be most useful to you as a leader? Describe how you could
use this practice to further your development as a leader.
Ans: Varies
65. Use the values described in the chapter to evaluate the spiritual health of your organization.
Ans: Varies
66. In the 5-R model for evaluating the apologies of others, list each category and describe each.
Ans: Varies
67. Discuss some of the “wrong” ways to apologize.

Ans: Varies
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CHAPTER VIII.
THE SHIP.
he next morning was Sunday, and Peggy’s heart

sank when her aunt said to her, “I think I won’t let
you out of my sight to-day, Peggy, for something
always happens whenever you go even into the
garden alone.”
“It seems to,” Peggy admitted sadly, but she did
not like the idea of remaining all day long with Aunt
Euphemia.
Church was long and hot, and then there was
dinner, and then Aunt Euphemia said she would
read Peggy a story. Peggy did not care about this; she wanted to go
out, and yet did not dare to say so. But just as they were sitting down
to read, Dr. Seaton came in, and Peggy was delighted to have the
reading stopped.
“I’ve come to take Peggy with me to the harbour, if you will allow
it, Miss Roberts,” he said. “I promised to take her there some day,
and I have more time this afternoon than on week days.”
Aunt Euphemia was really rather pleased to get Peggy off her
hands for an hour. She was feeling sleepy, and it was a bother to her
to look after Peggy, so she consented to Dr. Seaton’s proposal
without any difficulty.
It was not a long walk to the harbour, where there was much to
see.
“I am going to take you on to a Danish ship,” Dr. Seaton said;
“you will hear the men talking a queer language you have never
heard before, and the captain will take you down into his cabin, I
dare say.”
The Danish ship was lying close up to the quay. It was painted
very bright emerald green, and Dr. Seaton pointed out to Peggy the
figure of a woman made of wood and painted white which was at the
bow of the ship.
“Poor lady, she goes through all the storms with her white dress.
When she comes into harbour after a winter storm she is crusted
over with salt from the waves,” he said.
“Why do they have a wooden lady at the end of the ship?” Peggy
asked.
“Because they think it brings luck to the ship,” said Dr. Seaton.
They came to the side of the quay, and he called to some of the
sailors, and they came running forward to lift Peggy on board.
Sailors are always specially
clean and tidy on Sunday,
dressed in their best clothes.
They were such nice-looking
men—tall, with yellow hair; and
Peggy noticed the rings in their
ears at once. Of course, she
couldn’t speak to them, or at
least they couldn’t understand
what she said; but the captain
took her hand, and led her all
round the ship, letting her look
at everything she wanted to see
—the huge anchor, all red with
rust, that took ever so many
men to lift; and what interested
Peggy more than anything—the cargo of tubs that the ship had
brought over. There were tubs of every imaginable size, down to tiny
ones of white wood.
“Oh, I could wash my doll’s clothes in these!” Peggy cried. She
wanted one dreadfully, and yet didn’t know how to get it, for the man
wouldn’t understand about her doll. As she was standing there
saying, “Doll, doll, doll,” and looking wistfully at the dear little tubs,
Dr. Seaton came round again from the cabin where he had been
seeing a boy with a broken arm.
“Oh, I do want a tub to wash my doll’s clothes in so dreadfully!”
Peggy cried, “and he doesn’t understand what I mean.”
Dr. Seaton said something in German, and in a minute the
captain began to pull out dozens of tubs for Peggy to choose from.
But she was not quite pleased till she had explained through Dr.
Seaton that she wanted to buy the tub. “I would never ask for
anything,” she explained—“mother doesn’t let me do that; and I’ve
got a whole shilling of my own to pay it with.”
Dr. Seaton had to explain this to the captain, and they both
laughed a great deal.
“But you must pay it for me just now please, Dr. Seaton, because
I haven’t my shilling with me,” Peggy explained; and then a horrid
fear overcame her that perhaps Dr. Seaton did not carry so much
money about with him either, and she would have to go away without
her tub; and he had told her that the ship would sail next morning!
She began to look very dismal at this thought, while Dr. Seaton
was feeling in his pocket; but to her great relief he drew out quite a
handful of shillings, and gave one to the captain, who took it and
laughed again.
“There now, Peggy; you can choose which you like best,” he said.
It took Peggy a very long time to
make up her mind. At last she chose a
beautiful little tub, oval shaped, bound
with three hoops of white wood, and
with two handles to lift it by. Dr. Seaton
wanted to hold it for her, but Peggy
wouldn’t let it out of her own hands,
she was so well pleased with it.
The captain told her that the tubs came from a place in Russia
with a funny name—Archangel; and that pleased Peggy even more,
because it was so much more interesting to have an Archangel tub
than an ordinary Scotch or English one.
Then the captain led the way down into his cabin. The cabin of a
ship like this is not like that of a large passenger steamer. It is almost
as small and dark as a cupboard, and has only just room for a tiny
table and two or three chairs. The table was securely fixed to the
floor, so that when the sea was rough with big waves it should not
slide about.
The captain brought out from a cupboard a funny-shaped bottle,
and the smallest glasses Peggy had ever seen. He poured a little
stuff out of the bottle into the glasses, and offered one to Dr. Seaton,
who took it and smiled; then the captain took one, and held it out,
and knocked the edge of the little glasses together, making a tinkling
sound like a bell.
“What does he do that for?” Peggy asked.
“It’s a way of being friendly and polite in Denmark,” Dr. Seaton
replied.
Then they both smiled and nodded again, and each drank off the
stuff from the glass.
“Let me taste, please,” said Peggy, standing on tip-toe by the
table.
“You would think it horrid,” said Dr. Seaton, laughing; “it would
burn your throat.”
“Oh, just a tiny taste—just the tip of my tongue; I want to so
much,” said Peggy.
So the captain poured another drop into the tiny glass, and
tinkled the edge against his own; and Peggy, thinking she must
imitate Dr. Seaton’s manners, bowed and smiled and tried to give the
same funny gulp down of the liquid as he had done. But there was
only a drop at the bottom of the glass, and that drop was such horrid
stuff, it was like trying to swallow mustard, Peggy thought. She
coughed, and coughed, and coughed till her eyes filled with tears,
and both the men stood laughing at her.
“That will cure you of drinking
habits, young woman,” said Dr.
Seaton, “Now we must say good-bye
and come home.”
Peggy was very sorry to leave the
ship, for there seemed to be all
manner of queer things to see there
still. But she said good-bye to the
captain very nicely—so nicely that he
told her to wait for a minute; and going
to the cupboard, he drew out from it a
huge scarlet shell, which he handed to
Peggy with a bow.
“O Peggy, that is a present you will like!” said Dr. Seaton.
Peggy could scarcely believe her own good luck. The shell was
so perfectly beautiful; and Dr. Seaton showed her also that if she
held it to her ear she would hear a rushing noise inside it.
“O captain, thank you very, very much,” said Peggy, quite
overcome with delight.—“I think you must carry the tub, Dr. Seaton,
for I can’t give my shell out of my hands,” she said.
Dr. Seaton translated her thanks to the captain, and he seemed
very pleased, and told Peggy he had a little girl on the other side of
the sea just her age. Peggy stood still looking very uncertain and sad
at this bit of news. Then she pulled at Dr. Seaton’s hand and
whispered something to him. She felt it was her duty to say so, but it
was so difficult that she could not say it out loud. It was this,—
“Won’t his little daughter want the shell?”
She waited very impatiently to hear what answer the captain
would make; but, to her great relief, he said that his daughter had
lots of shells, because he took them home to her from almost every
voyage. Then they all shook hands, and Peggy was lifted up on to
the quay again, clasping her large red shell.
“I shall always be able to hear the sea now, even when I go home
far away from it,” she said.
When they reached Seafield, Peggy ran into her room, and came
back with a little netted purse in her hand. Out of this she took her
shilling, and gave it to Dr. Seaton for the tub. But Dr. Seaton would
not take the shilling, and Peggy was quite distressed, and turned to
Aunt Euphemia to know what she ought to do. “Please, auntie, I
bought a tub, and now Dr. Seaton won’t take my shilling,” she said.
Aunt Euphemia, too, tried to make him take it, but all in vain.
So Peggy had to replace the shilling in her purse, and thank him
very much.
CHAPTER IX.
THE WASHING DAY.
onday morning was hopelessly wet. The rain came down in

sheets, and the garden looked like a pond. But Peggy was
delighted. “It’s such a good washing day,” she explained to
her aunt, “and all my doll’s things are so black.”
Aunt Euphemia suggested that Janet
would allow the washing to go on in the
kitchen; and Peggy at once ran away to fetch
the doll’s clothes and her little tub, and carry
them all to the kitchen. Janet was very
pleased. She put the tub on a stool, so that it
should be just the right height for Peggy to
wash at, and filled the tub with nice soapy hot
water.
Then she pinned up Peggy’s sleeves to
her shoulders, and together they undressed
the doll (which was a baby one, in long white
robes), and laid its clothes in a heap on a chair.
Peggy would have liked to wash them all at once, but Janet told
her that washerwomen did things one at a time, so she consented to
do this. The doll’s long, tucked white robe was the first to go into the
tub. It was not indeed very white, for it had got rather dirty on the
railway journey.
“Rub it all over with soap, Miss Peggy,” Janet said, and Peggy
rubbed on the soap as hard as she could. How the water fluffed up! it
almost filled the tub, and Peggy had to part the frothy suds away with
her hand to see to rub the cloth. After the robe had been well
washed, Janet gave Peggy a basin full of clean water to rinse the
soap out of it, and then she took a ball like a big blue cherry,
wrapped it in a bit of muslin, and shook it about in the water. The
water became bright blue too!
“Now, Miss Peggy, put the robe in,”
said Janet. Peggy was afraid to do it;
she thought it would come out bright
blue. But Janet assured her it would
only have a nice bluish look that would
make the white whiter; and Peggy
believed her, and dipped the robe in
the blue. It came out as white and nice
as possible.
Then Janet hung it before the
kitchen stove to dry, and Peggy saw
that on the stove Janet had put the
dearest little iron to heat.
“Am I to iron it out my own self,
Janet?” she asked.
“Oh yes, Miss Peggy, that you are.”
It took only a few minutes for the frock to dry, and then Janet put
a blanket with a sheet over it upon the lid of a large box, and gave
the box to Peggy for an ironing table.
The little iron was not at all difficult to manage, and Peggy found
that it was delightful to squeeze all the creases out of her doll’s robe.
It looked as good as new when it was done.
“Why, Janet, Belinda won’t ever need new robes at all; I can go
on washing and washing them,” Peggy said.
There remained, however, all Belinda’s under-clothes to be
washed; and before they were half finished, Peggy began to think
that washing was rather hard work.
“My hands feel so queer, Janet,” she said, drawing them out of
the soapy water. They looked indeed most strange; the skin was all
crinkled up in the funniest way. “Oh, look!” Peggy cried in dismay.
Janet assured her they would come right in a very short time.
“But I’m thinking you’ve washed enough, Miss Peggy, for one day;
maybe I’ll finish it for you,” she said.
Peggy wasn’t altogether sorry. “Well, Janet, if you will be so kind
as to finish for me, I will go and listen to my shell,” she said, “and
perhaps my hands will stop feeling funny.”
There was a small library at Seafield where Peggy was allowed
to play by herself. She liked the room much better than the drawing-
room, because there were such lots of books with nice pictures in
them. Those she liked best were Hume’s “History,” with pictures of
the kings and queens, and Blair’s “Grave,” with illustrations by a man
called William Blake. Peggy used to spread the large book upon the
floor and pore over the pictures. She didn’t understand them, but that
only made them more interesting. To-day, instead of looking at the
pictures, she got her red shell, and sat down on the corner of the
sofa holding the shell to her ear. The rushing sound in the shell was
just like the noise of the sea outside, and Peggy listened to it for a
long time. Then getting a little tired of this, she went to the window
and looked out. The rain had stopped, and the sun was beginning to
come out. The thrushes were singing as if they liked the rain, and
Peggy thought it would be nice to go out and see what it felt like
also. So she went out to the front door, and stood there looking out.
Then she stepped out on to the gravel; then she ran a little bit down
the avenue; then she came to the gate and looked out at the sea;
and then a new thought struck her—why should she not look to see
if she could find any lovely red shells on the beach? The tide was
out; there was a stretch of sand with little pools and rocks covered
with seaweed: surely in these pools or on the sands she might find a
red shell for herself! This was stupid of Peggy, for shells like that the
captain gave her come from tropic seas, not from our own sea; but
she did not know this.
Out Peggy skipped along the shining sand. It was firm and nice to
run on, and she wondered she had not done this long ago; it was far
nicer than the garden. Her feet made tracks on the sand like the
footprint Crusoe saw, she thought. Then she came to a pool with
little seaweedy rocks in it. The first thing she saw there made her
stand still with interest: it was a lot of things like little red flowers
growing on the edge of the rock. But when she put her hand down
and tried to get one, she found it was alive; and when she touched it,
it drew in all its waving red feelers, and became like a lump of red-
currant jelly fixed to the rock! “I hope I didn’t hurt it,” Peggy thought.
She leant over the pool and watched it till it cautiously put out first
one feeler and then another, and at last it looked as pretty as ever
again and as much alive. Peggy wondered what it was called. Then
down on the slushy sand at her feet Peggy saw a great big lump of
jelly, six times as large as the little one in the pool. It didn’t look very
nice, she thought, but she wondered if, when it was put into the
water, it would bloom out like the other. The only way to find this out
was to lift it into the pool, but Peggy hesitated about doing this. Then
she saw a long flat stone like a slate lying near, and taking this in her
hand, she tried to slip it under the “jelly beast,” as she called it. But
the jelly beast didn’t seem to like being disturbed, and it sank down
and down into the soft sand till it almost disappeared. Peggy became
more and more anxious to get it. She dug her slate down into the
sand, and at last, with a great effort, lifted the jelly beast, along with
a great lump of sand, and flung it into the pool. Then she sat down to
watch it. To her great joy it began, just like the other one, to put out
one feeler after another, till it lay there at the bottom of the pond like
a big pink rose. “Oh, it’s lovely; I do want to have it for my own!” she
cried. “I wonder if I would be allowed to have it in my tub.” She bent
down to look nearer, and under the fringe of seaweed suddenly she
saw something shining red. She plunged her hand down and
grabbed the prize. But, oh dear me! the next moment she screamed
and screamed. It was a large red crab she had caught at, and the
crab had caught her! Have you seen the crabs lying in the fish-shop
windows twitching their claws? They look harmless enough, but with
these claws they can hold on in the most terrible way, once they
catch hold of you. Oh, how Peggy screamed! She ran towards the
house splashing through the pools, with the big red crab hanging on
to her hand. She was in an agony of pain and terror. The sound of
her screams brought James running from the garden. Peggy ran
straight to him, calling out for help; and James caught up a stone,
and gave the crab such a blow on its claw that it let go in a moment,
and fell to the ground. Peggy’s finger was bleeding a good deal, and
he took out his own handkerchief and bound it up for her, and then
took her other hand and led her, still sobbing, up to the house.
“We’ll gang into Janet, missie,” he said
wisely. He knew that Janet was a more
comforting person than Martin, and Peggy
thought so too. Janet took her on her knee,
and kissed her and wiped her eyes, and
looked at the poor nipped finger till gradually
Peggy stopped crying. Then Janet took her to
the pump, and washed her face and hands, and began to tell her a
funny story about a crab that had nipped her own finger once, till
Peggy found herself laughing instead of crying.
When she was quite happy again, Janet said to Peggy that they
would go together and tell Aunt Euphemia all about it. Peggy was a
little frightened, but Janet said she must do it, and together they went
into the drawing-room.
Here it seemed to Peggy that Janet took all the blame on herself.
She told Aunt Euphemia how she had allowed Peggy to go away
from the kitchen, and had not looked after her, and how Peggy had
gone out alone, and then she told the sad story of the crab. And Aunt
Euphemia, instead of being angry, accepted the excuses Janet
made, for she was very fond of Janet, and never thought anything
she did was wrong.
“Maybe, ma’am, you would let me take Miss Peggy to the shore
myself?” Janet asked; “then she’d get no mischief.”
“Indeed, Janet, I see she must never be left alone for a minute;
so when your work is done, you may certainly take the child out with
you,” said Aunt Euphemia.
“Come away then, Miss Peggy,” said Janet; “ye’ll bide wi’ me till I
make the currant tart, and in the afternoon we can gang till the
shore.”
Peggy ran off to the kitchen as happy as possible to make the
currant tart, and Janet told her that they would go down to the shore
together, carrying Peggy’s tub, and fill it with all manner of sea
beasts, and bring them back to the house. And wasn’t this a
delightful suggestion?
CHAPTER X.
THE SEA BEASTS.
I
t was wonderful how many sea creatures Peggy and Janet found
when they began. The little tub was quite full before long, and
Peggy, looking into it, told Janet that she was afraid they wouldn’t
be very comfortable.
Janet considered for a minute, and then told Peggy that there
was an old washing-tub in the scullery which she was sure her aunt
would let her use instead of her own little one; then there would be
room enough for all the creatures to be happy.
“But how would we ever get a washing-tub filled with water out of
the sea?” Peggy asked.
“Hoots! James and me can
carry it up in pails,” said Janet.
“Will you ask Aunt
Euphemia about it?” Peggy
asked. She had begun to see
that Janet could get anything
she wanted. Janet said that she
would, and went off to gain Aunt
Euphemia’s consent to the
scheme. She came back
smiling, and Peggy knew all
was right, so she clapped her
hands with delight.
“O Janet, do you think James will get the water to-night?” she
cried. “For it would be horrid if my poor beasts died, or were sick for
want of it.”
Janet then went off to look for James, and before long Peggy had
the joy of seeing him come toiling up the walk, carrying two huge
pails of water. Then Janet went down to the sea again with two pails,
and brought them back filled, and James brought two more, and
when they had all been poured into the tub it was quite full.
“Now I can put in my beasts!” Peggy cried.
The first of all was a great prize: it was a bit of
stone with two sea anemones attached to it. Sea
anemones are the creatures that Peggy had
seen in the pool that were like little pink flowers.
Janet had explained to her that it hurt anemones
to be scraped off the rocks, and so they had to
hunt till they found them growing on a small
stone that it was possible to lift. It had been some time before they
found this, but at last, at the bottom of a pool, Janet spied a small
stone with two beautiful anemones sticking to it. Whenever she lifted
the stone out of the water, the funny little creatures drew in all their
pretty petal-like feelers, and became like lumps of red-currant jelly;
but the moment Peggy placed them in the tub of water, out came the
feelers one by one till they were as pretty as ever again.
Then there was one of the big ones that had been scooped out of
the sand with great difficulty, and was rather offended evidently, for it
took a long time to put out its feelers—just lay and sulked on the
bottom of the tub. Peggy watched it for a long time, but as it wouldn’t
put out its feelers, she turned to the other creatures.
There were a number of whelks. Whelks, you
know, are sea-snails. They live in shells, and
draw themselves in and out of them very quickly.
The moment Peggy put them into the tub, they
pushed their shells on to their backs as snails do,
and began crawling slowly along the edges of the
tub.
“O Janet, my whelks will walk out and get lost!” Peggy cried. But
Janet told her she thought they liked the water best, and would stay
in it.
Then there were three mussels. Mussels live in tight, dark blue
shells; but when they please they can open their shells, much as you
open a portfolio, for there is a kind of hinge at the
back of the shell. However, they too were sulky,
and lay still quite tight shut.
Janet had picked up a very large shell, and
put it into the tub, and Peggy asked her why. She
said they would see before long. Now she took the large shell and
laid it in the water. Peggy watched, and suddenly she saw a thin
green leg come stealing out; then another and another, till at last a
tiny green crab came scrambling altogether out of the shell, and ran
rapidly about the tub.
“O Janet, it’s a little crab! How did you know? Do they always live
in these big snail shells?” Peggy cried.
Janet told her that they were called hermit crabs, and that they
lived in the cast-off shells of other creatures, just using them as
houses.
“Put your hand into the water, Miss Peggy, and you will see him
run in,” Janet said.
Peggy shook her hand in the water, and saw the little crab scuttle
away and get into his shell like lightning.
Janet had wanted to add a big red crab, like the one that nipped
Peggy, but Peggy wouldn’t have it. There were some limpets, in their
little pyramid-shaped shells, and then Janet had added a lot of
seaweed of different kinds. Some of it was slimy green stuff, like long
green hair, which Peggy didn’t at all admire; but there were pretty
feathery pink weed and nice brown dulse.
“I wonder if James could get a flounder,” Janet said thoughtfully.
Peggy asked what a flounder was, and Janet said it was the kind
of flat little fish Peggy had had fried for breakfast that morning.
“They’re ill to catch,” she added. “But maybe James could get ye
ane.”
“Oh, a fish—a real live fish—in my tub would be so delicious!”
cried Peggy.
She ran off to beg James to try to
catch one for her; and James, who
was very obliging, went off once again
to the shore with a pail in search of a
flounder.
Peggy stood and watched him for
quite half an hour as he went slowly
across the sands, stooping over each
pool to see if there were flounders in it.
At last he came back, and Peggy
scarcely liked to ask him whether he
had got one, for she felt it would be so
disappointing if he hadn’t—her
collection would be quite incomplete.
But James was grinning with pleasure,
and he showed her two nice brown
flounders in the pail.
“Oh, they are flat!” cried Peggy.
She dived her hands into the pail, and attempted to catch them—
quite in vain. Then James slowly poured away all the water on to the
ground, and there the flounders lay, flopping about at the bottom of
the pail. Peggy was almost afraid to touch them, but James said they
would do her no harm; so she caught hold of one of the slippery,
wriggling little fish, and flung it into the tub, and it darted off and hid
itself under the seaweed. Then she put in the other flounder, and it
also hid under the seaweed, where it couldn’t be seen.
“I think they must be sleepy, and be going to bed,” Peggy said.
And then, quite tired out with her exertions, she rubbed her eyes and
yawned, till Janet told her it was time for her to go to bed like the
flounders; and Peggy agreed that it was.
CHAPTER XI.
THE LAST DAY AT SEAFIELD.
N
ow, if Peggy had taken time to think about it, she was only
going to make herself unhappy by collecting all these
delightful creatures in the tub; for her visit to Seafield was to
come to an end on Wednesday, and this was Monday
evening. The whole of Tuesday morning Peggy thought of nothing
but her dear sea beasts. She stood beside the tub and watched
them; she crumbled a bit of bread very fine, and flung it into the
water, and actually saw one of the flounders eat a crumb; she
chased the hermit crab into its shell a dozen times, and watched the
whelks move slowly along the side of the tub. It was the nicest
amusement she had ever had. But in the afternoon Aunt Euphemia
said that they were going to drive to the station.
“Your father is coming for you, Peggy, you know; he is going to
take you home to-morrow.”
Peggy was very fond of her father—so fond that she had cried
when she said good-bye to him last week. It surprised Aunt
Euphemia extremely that, instead of being glad to hear of his
coming, Peggy seemed sorry, for she burst into tears.
“Why, Peggy, are you not glad to see your father?” said Aunt
Euphemia.
“I don’t want to go home!” Peggy sobbed.
Aunt Euphemia was rather pleased. “Do you want to stay with me
then, dear?” she asked.
“No; it’s my sea beasts. Oh, oh, oh!” sobbed Peggy. “Do you think
father will take the tub of sea beasts back in the train with us?”
No wonder Aunt Euphemia was hurt. It was nasty of Peggy to say
that she only wanted to stay because of the sea beasts.
“Of course, he will do nothing of the kind,” said Aunt Euphemia.
“All the beasts must be put back into the sea to-night.”
She walked away and left Peggy to cry alone. But after she had
cried for some time, Peggy remembered that father was different
from Aunt Euphemia, and perhaps would not distress her by making
her part from the dear sea beasts. So she dried her eyes, and
thought perhaps it was as well that he was coming.
The drive to the station was quite dull. Nothing happened, for
Peggy wasn’t allowed to sit on the box-seat with the driver as she
wanted to, but had to sit beside her aunt in the carriage. At the
station, too, there was very little to notice—only some sheep in a
truck, looking very unhappy. Peggy gathered some blades of grass,
and held them to the sheep, and they nibbled them up. Then the
train came puffing in, and the next minute she saw her father jump
out of a carriage, and come along the platform to where she was.
Peggy was so delighted to see him that she ran right at him, and
caught hold of his knees so that she nearly made him fall. Then she
took his hand, and began telling him everything at once, in such a
hurry that it was impossible for him to understand anything she said.
“Not so fast, Peggy. Wait till we are in the carriage,” he said,
laughing.
It seemed a very long time till they were all packed in, and then
Peggy had to climb on to her father’s knee and put her arm round his
neck. “Now may I begin?” she asked.
“Yes, sweetest; tell me all about everything now,” her father said.
And Peggy began her story, of course, at the wrong end.
“I’ve got a tub full of such dear sea beasts, father,” she said.
“There are two flounders, and a lot of whelks, and a hermit crab, and
two anemones fixed on a stone, and a big one stuck on to the foot of
the tub, and I watch them all day; and, please, how am I to take them
home?”
“Well, I must come and see them first,” her father said.
“And please, father, I got lost one day, and had my frock stolen—
the new one—and the bees stung me, and a crab nipped my finger,
and I was very naughty once—only once—and I went on to a green
ship, and—and—”
“Why, Peggy, you seem to have had a week of the most
extraordinary adventures; it will be quite dull to come home.”
Peggy wasn’t quite sure about this. She had so many things she
was fond of at home, that if only she might take her sea beasts back
with her, she thought she would be quite happy to return. She sat still
for a few minutes thinking about this, while Aunt Euphemia spoke to
her father. But the moment the carriage stopped at the door, she
seized her father’s hand, and begged him to come and see her tub
of sea beasts.
“Not till after tea, Peggy; I’ll come then,” he said.
Peggy would have liked him to come there and then, but she
knew she must wait.
Tea seemed longer than usual. Her father told her to be quiet, so
she ate away without uttering a word, and listened to all the dull
things Aunt Euphemia was saying. At last, when tea was over, she
came round to where her father sat, and took hold of his hand, and
gave it a little squeeze, which she knew he would understand.
“Yes, dearest!” he said,
but waited to hear the end of
what Aunt Euphemia was
saying. “Now, Peggy,” he
said at last, “come along;”
and together they went out
to the garden, and came to
the tub. Peggy looked in.
“Why, father,” she cried,
“my crab is floating on his
back! Isn’t it funny of him?”
Colonel Roberts examined the crab for a minute.
“I’m afraid he’s dead, Peggy,” he said. “They don’t turn up their
toes that way unless they’re dead.”

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Johnson, Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership, 6e

Test Bank for Meeting the Ethical Challenges of

2. Which “face of evil” is a form of narcissism (self-centeredness)?

4. The FIRST step of the forgiveness process is

B. dropping our anger and becoming emotionally neutral

5. Which of the following is true of forgiveness?

6. Which of the following is a benefit of forgiving others?

7. Bringing warring groups together begins with

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Which of the following is a danger posed by workplace spirituality?

10. Which common spiritual practice involves self-examination?

11. A case example of evil as ______ is the Stanford Prison Experiment.

12. ______ is/are one of the evildoers’ most powerful tools.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

20. ______ promotes honesty, sincerity, and candor.

21. ______ evil is based on technology and logic.

24. In evil as ______, individuals are consumed with keeping up appearances.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

28. Many ______ (pseudo or inauthentic) come up short.

Answer Location: Spirituality and Leadership

41. To forgive, we must forget past wrongs and move on.

42. Religion and spirituality are interchangeable terms.

43. Evildoers are often ordinary people.

47. In evil as ordinary group, members draw a mental circle.

49. Authentic apologies are frequently vague.

51. Define workplace spirituality.

53. Describe the benefits of apologies.

57. Identify the possible dangers of workplace spirituality.

67. Discuss some of the “wrong” ways to apologize.

he next morning was Sunday, and Peggy’s heart

onday morning was hopelessly wet. The rain came down in

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