CPE432 - Lecture Notes 1

Emerging Technologies in CPE
What is enabling technology: AI,

Machine Learning, Big Data
Prepared by:
Engr. Stephanie Grace V. Cortes
Internet Sources:
https://www.techtarget.com/searchenterpriseai/definition/AI-Artificial-
Intelligence
https://monkeylearn.com/machine-learning/
https://www.spiceworks.com/tech/big-data/articles/what-is-big-data/
What is artificial intelligence (AI)?
AI
Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by

machines, especially computer systems. Specific applications of AI include
expert systems, natural language processing, speech recognition and machine
vision.
How does AI work?
In general, AI systems work by ingesting large amounts of labeled training data,

analyzing the data for correlations and patterns, and using these patterns to
make predictions about future states. In this way, a chatbot that is fed examples
of text chats can learn to produce lifelike exchanges with people, or an image
recognition tool can learn to identify and describe objects in images by
reviewing millions of examples.
How does AI work?
AI programming focuses on three cognitive skills: learning, reasoning and self-
correction.
• Learning processes. This aspect of AI programming focuses on acquiring data and creating
rules for how to turn the data into actionable information. The rules, which are called algorithms,
provide computing devices with step-by-step instructions for how to complete a specific task.
• Reasoning processes. This aspect of AI programming focuses on choosing the right algorithm to
reach a desired outcome.
• Self-correction processes. This aspect of AI programming is designed to continually fine-tune

algorithms and ensure they provide the most accurate results possible.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of artificial intelligence?
Advantages Disadvantages
• Good at detail-oriented jobs; • Expensive;

• Reduced time for data-heavy tasks; • Requires deep technical expertise;
• Delivers consistent results; and • Limited supply of qualified workers to build AI tools;
• AI-powered virtual agents are always available. • Only knows what it's been shown; and
• Lack of ability to generalize from one task to another.
List of AI websites and their purpose
1. OpenAI (openai.com)
- Purpose: OpenAI is a research organization focused on artificial intelligence. They develop AI
models, including GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer), and aim to ensure that artificial
general intelligence (AGI) benefits all of humanity.
2. TensorFlow (tensorflow.org):
- Purpose: TensorFlow is an open-source machine learning framework developed by the Google
Brain team. The website provides documentation, tutorials, and resources for developers using
TensorFlow for building machine learning models.
3. PyTorch (pytorch.org):
- Purpose: PyTorch is an open-source machine learning library developed by Facebook. It is
widely used for research and development of deep learning models. The website offers
documentation, tutorials, and resources for PyTorch users.
4. Kaggle (kaggle.com):
- Purpose: Kaggle is a platform for data science and machine learning competitions. It also
provides datasets, kernels (code notebooks), and forums for data scientists and machine learning
practitioners to collaborate and learn.
5. AI Open Network (aion.org):

- Purpose: The AI Open Network is focused on fostering collaboration and communication within
the global AI community. It serves as a platform for researchers, developers, and organizations to
share resources and knowledge.
6. Machine Learning Mastery (machinelearningmastery.com):

- Purpose: Created by Jason Brownlee, this website provides educational resources, tutorials, and
guides for individuals learning and working in machine learning and deep learning.
rovides resources, articles, and discussions related to the ethical implications of AI technologies.
7. AI Trends (aitrends.com):
- Purpose: AI Trends is a website that covers news, analysis, and trends in the field of artificial
intelligence. It provides insights into the latest developments, applications, and discussions within
the AI community.
8. AI Weekly (aiweekly.co):
- Purpose: AI Weekly is a newsletter that curates and delivers a selection of articles, news, and
resources related to artificial intelligence. It serves as a convenient way for subscribers to stay
updated on AI advancements.
9. Towards Data Science on Medium (towardsdatascience.com):
- Purpose: Towards Data Science is a Medium publication that features articles and tutorials on
data science, machine learning, and AI. It covers a wide range of topics and is contributed to by
professionals and enthusiasts.
10. AI Ethics (aiethicslab.com):

- Purpose: The AI Ethics Lab focuses on exploring ethical considerations in the development and
deployment of AI. It provides resources, articles, and discussions related to the ethical implications
of AI technologies.
What Is Machine Learning?
Machine Learning
Machine learning (ML) is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that enables

computers to “self-learn” from training data and improve over time, without
being explicitly programmed. Machine learning algorithms are able to detect
patterns in data and learn from them, in order to make their own predictions. In
short, machine learning algorithms and models learn through experience.
What Is Machine Learning?
Machine Learning
In traditional programming, a computer engineer writes a series of directions

that instruct a computer how to transform input data into a desired output.
Instructions are mostly based on an IF-THEN structure: when certain conditions
are met, the program executes a specific action.
Machine learning, on the other hand, is an automated process that enables

machines to solve problems with little or no human input, and take actions
based on past observations.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) vs. Machine Learning
While artificial intelligence and machine learning are often used

interchangeably, they are two different concepts. AI is the broader concept –
machines making decisions, learning new skills, and solving problems in a
similar way to humans – whereas machine learning is a subset of AI that
enables intelligent systems to autonomously learn new things from data.
Applications of Machine Learning
Healthcare:
• Disease Diagnosis: Machine learning models can analyze medical data,

including imaging and diagnostic reports, to assist in the early detection and
diagnosis of diseases.
• Personalized Medicine: ML helps in tailoring treatment plans based on
individual patient data, optimizing drug prescriptions and treatment
strategies.
Marketing:
• Customer Segmentation: ML algorithms analyze customer behavior to

segment audiences, allowing marketers to tailor campaigns to specific
demographics.
• Predictive Analytics: Marketers use ML for predicting customer responses
and optimizing marketing strategies for better engagement.
Autonomous Vehicles:
• Object Recognition: Machine learning is used in self-driving cars for real-

time object detection, helping the vehicle navigate and avoid obstacles.
• Path Planning: ML algorithms assist in determining the most efficient
routes for autonomous vehicles.
Education:
• Adaptive Learning Platforms: ML is used to create adaptive learning

systems that personalize educational content based on individual student
progress and learning styles.
• Student Performance Prediction: Models can predict student performance
and identify areas where additional support may be needed.
What Is Big Data?
Big Data
Big data is a collection of organized, semi-structured, and unstructured

information gathered by businesses that can be mined for information and
utilized in advanced applications of analytics like predictive modeling and
machine learning.
What Is Big Data?
These fundamental characteristics of big data are listed below.
1. Volume
The volume of your data is how much of it there is – measured in gigabytes,
zettabytes (ZB), and yottabytes (YB). Industry trends predict a significant
increase in data volume over the next few years.
2. Velocity
Velocity describes how quickly data is processed. Any significant data operation
has to operate at a high rate. The linkage of incoming data sets, activity bursts,
and the pace of change make up this phenomenon.
What Is Big Data?
3. Variety
Variety is the wide range of information you collect from numerous sources.
The many types of big data are referred to as variety. As it impacts performance,
it is one of the main problems the big data sector is now dealing with.
4. Veracity
The correctness of your data is referred to as veracity. The accuracy of your
findings can be severely harmed by poor veracity, making it one of the most
crucial big data qualities.
What Is Big Data?
5. Value
Value is the advantage that the data provides to your company. Data scientists
first transform unprocessed data into knowledge. The best data from this data
collection is then extracted once it has been cleaned.
Emerging Technologies in CPE
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Emerging Technologies in CPE

What is enabling technology: AI,

Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by

How does AI work?

In general, AI systems work by ingesting large amounts of labeled training data,

• Self-correction processes. This aspect of AI programming is designed to continually fine-tune

What are the advantages and disadvantages of artificial intelligence?

• Good at detail-oriented jobs; • Expensive;

5. AI Open Network (aion.org):

6. Machine Learning Mastery (machinelearningmastery.com):

10. AI Ethics (aiethicslab.com):

Machine learning (ML) is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that enables

In traditional programming, a computer engineer writes a series of directions

Machine learning, on the other hand, is an automated process that enables

While artificial intelligence and machine learning are often used

• Disease Diagnosis: Machine learning models can analyze medical data,

• Customer Segmentation: ML algorithms analyze customer behavior to

• Object Recognition: Machine learning is used in self-driving cars for real-

• Adaptive Learning Platforms: ML is used to create adaptive learning

Big data is a collection of organized, semi-structured, and unstructured

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