Crafting a literature review, especially on a complex and wide-ranging topic like Primary Health

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The difficulty of writing a literature review on Primary Health Care lies in the breadth and diversity
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prevention, wellness promotion, and the management of chronic conditions, each with its own body
of research. Furthermore, it involves considerations of policy, equity, access, and the social
determinants of health, adding layers of complexity to the review process. Researchers must
navigate this multidisciplinary landscape with precision, ensuring that their review is both
comprehensive and meticulously referenced.

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Private organizations also conduct SRs of CER, including the Blue Cross and Blue Shield
Association’s Technology Evaluation Center, the ECRI Institute, and Hayes, Inc. ( Table 1-4 ).
However, many other organizations play a key role in sponsoring, conducting, and disseminating
SRs. Information on CRD and the Campbell Collaboration: The Campbell Collaboration (2010);
CRD (2010); NICE (2010). Cochrane’s global contributors and centers are funded by government
agencies and private sources; its central infrastructure is supported by subscriptions to The Cochrane
Library. They can also address broader topics including comparisons of the effectiveness of drugs
versus surgery for a condition, or “watchful waiting” when it is a reason-. Founded in 1994, CRD
produces SRs of health interventions, SR methods research, and guidance for conducting SRs.
Audio recordings of English interviews and focus groups were transcribed. It may or may not
include a quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis) of the results from separate studies. Topics are
chosen based on their public health importance, prevalence, controversy, potential to reduce gaps
between knowledge and practice, availability of scientific information, and potential impact on
healthcare costs. As noted earlier, the committee focused much of its review on the methods of
AHRQ, the Cochrane Collaboration, and CRD. The evidence base and expert guidance for SRs on
these topics is considerably less advanced. Feedback from a Department of Health consultation
exercise revealed that young people wanted information presented in a way that addresses their age
group, uses appropriate media, and relates to aspects of care they find important (Opinion Leader
Research, 2006 ). Previous positive experience of using a specific service appeared to result in the
reuse of the same service for a new health problem (Jackson, Reference Jackson 2004 ). The
committee supports future research that would identify better methods that meet both the goals of
scientific rigor and efficiency in producing SRs. MedCAC can be an integral part of the national
coverage determination process. Visionary Wilma West, a contemporary of Reilly’s, expanded on
these themes by focusing on ways occupational therapy practitioners could leverage the breadth and
depth of their practice to confront these challenges. Young people prefer communication to be a two-
way process (Freake et al., Reference Freake, Barley and Kent 2007 ), in that they want their doctors
to listen to them and to respect their level of knowledge of their own bodies as well as their feelings.
See Table 1-1 for a brief overview of the statutory requirements for PCORI. Systematic reviews can
be helpful for clinicians who want to integrate research findings into their daily practices, for patients
to make well-informed choices about their own care, for professional medical societies and other
organizations that develop clinical practice guidelines. A comparison with national probability survey
data. Results: occupational therapy has been applied in a variety of clinical and research settings and
has proven to be effective in many therapeutic approaches and rehabilitative fields, such as but not
limited to: neurorehabilitation approach, biomechanical approach, mental and behavioral health,
geriatrics, and pediatrics. A range of health issues are commonly experienced during young
adulthood, including sexual health and chronic illnesses (Park et al., Reference Park, Mulye, Adams,
Brindis and Irwin 2006 ). Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your
cookie settings. Transparency requires that methods be reported in detail and be available to the
public. If the committee judges current standards to be inadequate, it will develop a new set of
standards. These organizations were DERP, the ECRI Institute, National Institute for Health and
Clinical Excellence (UK), and several Evidence-based Practice Centers (EPCs) (with assistance from
AHRQ staff). Yet the evidence and experience are strong enough that it is impossible to ignore these
standards or hope that one can safely cut corners. Access and availability Access to primary health
services is seen as an important component of care, and one that may be a potential barrier for this
group (Tylee et al., Reference Tylee, Haller, Graham, Churchill and Sanci 2007 ). These trials
provided no evidence about two outcomes important to patients: the reliability of migraine relief
from episode to episode over a long period of time, and the overall effect of use of the triptan on
work productivity.
The report’s recommended standards are not intended for SRs initiated and conducted for purely
academic purposes. Cluster randomized trials are RCTs in which participants are randomly assigned
to the intervention or comparison in groups (clusters) defined by a common feature, such as the same
physician or health plan. To promote the profession, we will be sharing a series called “OT: from A
to Z”. Occupational therapists have the opportunity to play an important role in this expanding area
of practice. Thus, this report adopts the more commonly used terminology— comparative
effectiveness research and defines CER as proposed in the IOM report, Initial National Priorities for
Comparative Effectiveness Research (IOM, 2009, p. 42). These themes were then organised into
overarching global themes. Research also shows that young adults are over-represented amongst
walk-in service users as a greater proportion of walk-in centre users are between the ages of 17 and
35 years (Salisbury and Munro, Reference Salisbury and Munro 2002; Salisbury et al., Reference
Salisbury, Manku-Scott, Moore, Chalder and Sharp 2002 ). Thus, SRs of comparative effectiveness
research (CER) can be essential for clinicians who strive to integrate research findings into their daily
practices, for patients to make well-informed choices about their own care, for professional medical
societies and other organizations that. Method Academic literature A combination of keywords was
used to search Web of Science (Ovid; 2000 to March 2011), PsycINFO (Ovid; 2000 to March 2011),
and PubMed (Ovid; 2000 to March 2011). Private organizations also conduct SRs of CER, including
the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association’s Technology Evaluation Center, the ECRI Institute, and
Hayes, Inc. ( Table 1-4 ). Visionary Wilma West, a contemporary of Reilly’s, expanded on these
themes by focusing on ways occupational therapy practitioners could leverage the breadth and depth
of their practice to confront these challenges. A thorough review was conducted to identify most
relevant evidence-based research related to the effectiveness of occupational therapy and its
contribution to healthcare. The focus was on literature relating to the UK healthcare system, as
differences in health systems across the world could influence the needs of young adults (eg,
privatised healthcare systems). The reasons behind specifically focusing on any literature published
from 2000 onwards are to reflect any changes to services following the publication of the NHS plan.
The evidence varies in quality, and we have provided only a synthesis of the relevant literature rather
than a detailed systematic review or meta-ethnography. The Coordinating Groups oversee the
production, scientific merit, and relevance of the SRs. Effective interdisciplinary practice occurs
when each professional understands the role of another professional in the team. A discrete choice
experiment of patients’ preferences. For example, a standard that requires use of appropriate
statistical techniques to synthesize data from the body of research enhances scientific rigor. Do
groups of patients excluded from the trials respond as frequently and as well as those included in the
trials. CRD is funded primarily through NIHR with some funding from other government agencies.
This may be because of inconvenience, for example, the distance of the facility to the young adult's
home, study or work, opening hours (McPherson, Reference McPherson 2005 ), or lack of visibility
of the service (Tylee et al., Reference Tylee, Haller, Graham, Churchill and Sanci 2007 ). Methods: A
scoping review was conducted based on the scientific and grey literature. Thus, the review included
96 articles reporting findings from 10 large cardiovascular registries. For example, while the
Cochrane Collaboration issued its fifth edition of its handbook for SRs of interventions in 2008
(Higgins and Green, 2008), a Cochrane diagnostics handbook is still under development (Cochrane
Collaboration Diagnostic Test. A companion report, Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust,
presents the findings and recommendations of the Committee on Standards for Developing
Trustworthy Clinical Practice Guidelines. Yet the evidence and experience are strong enough that it is
impossible to ignore these standards or hope that one can safely cut corners. Further research
exploring the role of interactive media in gaining the views and behaviours of young adults around
healthcare services is needed. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to
that page in the book. This review aimed to identify the views and priorities of young adults
regarding primary healthcare provision, and to identify related topics, which would benefit from
further research.
Existing research has largely focused on the needs and experiences of children, adolescents, and
adults. Are long-term outcomes similar to short-term outcomes. In addition, the committee
commissioned two reports: one on the role of consumers in developing SRs in the United States and
another that helped identify the evidence base for the steps in the SR process. 7. The ECRI Institute
is a designated EPC and is also a Collaborating Center for the World Health Organization. Thus,
Standard 3.1, for example, includes several elements that are integral to conducting a comprehensive
search (e.g., “design a search strategy to address each key research question,” “search bibliographic
databases”). These observations strengthen the need for carefully constructed research to investigate
the causal relationships in this matter. Publications about health services delivered to young adults
and reporting patient experiences were considered for the review. This study is aimed at exploring
the perception and misconceptions of allied health professionals on the roles of occupational
therapists. It also decided that the SR committee would limit its focus to the development of SRs,
starting with the formulation of the research question and ending with the completion of a final
report—while paying special attention to the role of SRs in supporting CPGs. Keywords identified
within three main search headings were used ( Table 1 ). Studies were excluded if they were not in
English or French. For example, standards that require thorough reporting of review methods,
funding sources, and conflicts of interest would facilitate transparency. Future research is needed to
explore the importance of different aspects of continuity of care for young adults in general.
Acknowledgements This work was made possible by funding from the Department of Health.
Method Academic literature A combination of keywords was used to search Web of Science (Ovid;
2000 to March 2011), PsycINFO (Ovid; 2000 to March 2011), and PubMed (Ovid; 2000 to March
2011). Editorial teams oversee the preparation and maintenance of the SRs and the application of
quality standards. As a result, in certain situations and for certain questions, decision makers find it
limiting to use SRs that are confined to RCTs. This article has been cited by the following
publications. Cochrane SRs are prepared by researchers who work with one or more of 52 Cochrane
Review Groups that are overseen by an elected Steering Committee. SRs can also inform medical
coverage decisions and be used to set agendas and funding for primary research by highlighting gaps
in evidence. For example, literature searching and data extraction, two fundamental steps in the SR
process, are very resource intensive but there is little research to suggest how to make the processes
more efficient. Previous positive experience of using a specific service appeared to result in the reuse
of the same service for a new health problem (Jackson, Reference Jackson 2004 ). SRs should
address the relevance of the available evidence to actual patients. Yet the evidence and experience
are strong enough that it is impossible to ignore these standards or hope that one can safely cut
corners. It is important to investigate perceptions of primary care and understanding of the services
available, and to examine the causes of the young adults’ perceptions. For example, a standard
requiring that the review team solicit consumer input as it formulates the review questions enhances
credibility. Commercial funding of review groups is not allowed. There is a lack of focus of current
research on the expectations, needs, and primary healthcare experiences of young adults. This may
be because of inconvenience, for example, the distance of the facility to the young adult's home,
study or work, opening hours (McPherson, Reference McPherson 2005 ), or lack of visibility of the
service (Tylee et al., Reference Tylee, Haller, Graham, Churchill and Sanci 2007 ). We suggest that
research is needed to examine the needs and perceptions of primary health care for this population as
well as the frequency with which they access GP services.