Zero Carbon Buildings Action Plan - Nagpur

ZERO CARBON
BUILDINGS
ACTION PLAN
– NAGPUR
Supported by Prepared by
Title: Zero Carbon Buildings Action Plan – Nagpur
April 2023
The Zero Carbon Building Action Plan for Nagpur was led by the Nagpur Municipal Corporation and Nagpur Smart and Sustainable City Development
Corporation Ltd. and developed jointly with the implementing partners of the “Zero Carbon Building Accelerator (ZCBA)” project. The ZCBA project
was launched by the World Resources Institute (WRI) in 2021, and supported by the Global Environment Facility (GEF), UN Environment
Programme (UNEP), World Green Building Council (WGBC) and other global partners. Nagpur is one of the six global cities, along with
Turkey and Colombia in which the ZCBA project is being implemented. ICLEI South Asia is the implementing partner for the ZCBA project in Nagpur.
The Nagpur Municipal Corporation and Nagpur Smart and Sustainable City Development Corporation Ltd. acknowledge the support provided
by the project partners to advance the development of zero-carbon buildings and low-carbon development strategies in Nagpur and for the
development of this action plan. The Nagpur Municipal Corporation and Nagpur Smart and Sustainable City Development Corporation Ltd. would
like to thank all the government agencies, departments, institutions, private entities and stakeholders from the city for their support. The inputs
from the WRI team are appreciated.
Authors from ICLEI South Asia: Akshay Kashikar, Shardul Venegurkar, Nikhil Kolsepatil
Disclaimer: While every effort has been made to ensure the correctness of data/information used in this report, neither the authors nor ICLEI
South Asia accepts any legal liability for the accuracy or inferences drawn from the material contained therein or for any consequences arising
from the use of this material. The names and images of brands, products and private organizations mentioned in this document are for illustrative
purposes only and are not to be considered endorsements.
Copyright © ICLEI South Asia
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ICLEI South Asia
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Email: [email protected] | Web: http://southasia.iclei.org
Zero Carbon Buildings Action Plan – Nagpur
Contents
1. Background and Context--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

2. About Nagpur City----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
3. Defining Zero Carbon Buildings for Nagpur--------------------------------------------------------------- 8
3.1. Understanding Building Lifecycle Emissions---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
3.2. Understanding Net-Zero Carbon Buildings --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
3.3. Defining Zero Carbon Buildings for Nagpur--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
4. Enabling National and Sub-national Policies and Strategies for Building Decarbonization-13
5. Approach for Action Plan Development------------------------------------------------------------------ 16
6. Baseline Assessment and Gap Analysis------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
6.1. Climate Characteristics Relevant to Built-Environment----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
6.2. Land Use----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
6.3. Building Sector Profile ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
6.4. Building Stock Assessment------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19
6.5. Energy Consumption Assessment--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20
6.6. Key Gaps and Barriers Identified---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23
7. Vision Statement for Nagpur’s Zero Carbon Buildings------------------------------------------------ 26

8. Approach to Formulating the Transformative Interventions--------------------------------------- 27
8.1. Interventions Overview---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28
9. Interventions--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30
9.1. Pre-Construction------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30
9.1.1. Detailed Interventions for Pre-Construction Stage-------------------------------------------------------------------------------35
9.1.2. Case studies for Pre-Construction Stage------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------38
9.2. During Construction Stage------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 42
9.2.1. Detailed Interventions for During Construction Stage----------------------------------------------------------------------------45
9.3. Occupancy Stage------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47
9.3.1. Detailed Interventions for Occupancy Stage--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------51
9.3.2. Case Studies for Occupancy Stage-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------53
9.4. End of Life--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56
9.4.1. Detailed Interventions for End of Life / Demolition Stage------------------------------------------------------------------------58
9.4.2. Case Studies for End of Life / Demolition Stage-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------59
9.5. Cross Cutting------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 60
9.5.1. Detailed Interventions for Cross Cutting Strategies-------------------------------------------------------------------------------62
9.5.2. Case Studies for Cross-cutting strategies------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------64
9.6. Capacity Building and Finance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65
9.6.1. Detailed Interventions for Capacity Building and Finance Strategies------------------------------------------------------------66
9.6.2. Case Studies for Capacity and Finance--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------67
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10. Priority Interventions---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 69

11. Monitoring and Evaluation Process----------------------------------------------------------------------- 72
12. Monitoring and Tracking Progress------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74
13. Risk Mitigation------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 78
14. Way Forward---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 80
Bibliography------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 81
Annexure 1-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 84
Annexure 2-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 85
List of Tables
Table 1: Policy Frameworks and Initiatives supporting Building Decarbonization-------------------------------------------------------------------------------13
Table 2: Identified risks and recommended solutions-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------78
List of Figures
Figure 1: Nagpur city profile---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7

Figure 2: Sources of Energy Use and GHG Emissions in the Building Lifecycle and Carbon reduction potential in different building phases over time-------- 8
Figure 3: Circularity strategies within the production chain------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
Figure 4: GHG Emissions from Building and Construction sector in 2021-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
Figure 5: Illustration of defining Net Zero and Zero Carbon Buildings--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11
Figure 6: Approach to Nagpur’s Zero Carbon Buildings Definition------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12
Figure 7: Existing land use breakup of Nagpur - 2011------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18
Figure 8: Proposed Landuse for Nagpur City - 2031---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18
Figure 9: Nagpur Building Stock 2012-2018 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19
Figure 10: Building typology-wise approved built-up area vs number of buildings approved annually--------------------------------------------------------20
Figure 11: Left: Share of Sectoral Energy Consumption in Nagpur (2017-18). Right: Share of Sectoral GHG in Emissions in Nagpur (2017-18)---------------21
Figure 12: Sector-wise Electricity Consumption in Nagpur-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21
Figure 13: Left: Share of electricity consumption by building type (2021-22). Right: Share of electricity related GHG emissions by building type (2021-22)-22
Figure 14: Monthly electricity consumption pattern vs average monthly temperature, 2021-223------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22
Figure 15: Graph for interventions depicting their Benefits vs Ease of Implementation-------------------------------------------------------------------------70
Figure 16: Sub-Committee/Working Group for Steering and Monitoring ZCB Action Plan-----------------------------------------------------------------------72
Figure 17: Implementation Plan for the ZCB Action Plan---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------73
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1. Background and Context
India has set a target to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions intensity of its GDP by 45% by 2030 from 2005 levels, in its updated Nationally
Determined Contribution (NDC) submitted in mid-2022. The country’s urban areas contribute to 60% of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and are
responsible for 70% of GHG emissions. With an expected addition of 416 million people by 2050, it is estimated that 50% of India’s total population
would reside in urban areas (Chen et al., 2022) which would further add to the embodied and operational emissions of the construction sector.
Thus, it is crucial to ensure that urban development plans and buildings sector are aligned with the new urban agenda and are ready to deliver
within the ‘Decade of Action’ by 2030 to attain the common goal of maintaining the global temperature rise well below 2 degrees.
India’s Long-Term Low Carbon Development Strategy (LT-LEDS) highlights climate responsive urban planning and design, and energy and material
efficient buildings as key elements of its low-carbon development transition. LT-LEDS has emphasized promoting climate-responsive and resilient
building design, construction, and operation in existing and future buildings as a key strategy.
India’s Building Sector Energy and Emissions Trends
India’s residential building stock is expected to grow from 15.3 million sq. m. in 2017-18 to 21.9 million sq. m. in 2027-28 (Kachhawa et al.,
n.d.). The country’s building-related GHG emissions have more than doubled from 2000 to 2017 while the indirect emissions, i.e., the embodied
emissions associated with procurement, manufacturing, construction use, and disposal of building materials over the lifecycle of a building have
tripled (Pallerlamudi, 2021). Over the course of the next 20-30 years, GHG emissions from India’s steel and cement industry are estimated to
increase by nearly three and six times, respectively. The cement industry does, however, intend to reduce its GHG emission intensity by 45% by
2050 from its 2010 levels. Brick kilns are another major source of carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, NOx, and other particulate emissions across
the country (Pallerlamudi, 2021). India could easily experience an increase of seven times in its building energy consumption and CO2 emissions by
2050, compared to 2005 levels (Garg et al., 2017). End-uses such as cooling are expected to drive such growth, with cooling demand in the building
sector projected to increase 11 times by 2037-38 as compared to the 2017-18 baseline as per India’s Cooling Action Plan (Government of India,
2019). Presently, only 4% of Indian households own RACs due to low income levels, which is likely to increase as more households get access to
electricity and higher incomes, in addition to climatic conditions (International Energy Agency, 2018).
From an urban governance standpoint, this ‘Decade of Action’ is highly dependent on how the local governments in India revamp regulations and
policies and remodel their budgets to fast-track low carbon development. To meet the housing demands of the growing urban population, IEA
estimates that, India will add twice its building space in the upcoming decades with 70% of new construction coming in urban areas wherein 97%
of new urban houses are being built using modern materials (International Energy Agency, 2021).
Material and energy efficiency, and uptake of low carbon materials would play major role to meet this growing urban infrastructure demand and
in reducing the GHG emissions over the building lifecycle, with opportunities identified for potential emission reductions of over 50% in for the
country’s residential buildings (Hertwich et al., 2020).
Advancing from Energy Efficient Buildings to Zero Carbon Buildings in Nagpur
Maharashtra state is one of India’s highly urbanized states and contributes about 14% to the country’s economy. Nagpur, being the second capital
and third largest city of Maharashtra, is experiencing rapid transformation owing to strong industrial area in the district, and growing service
industry within the city along with major infra push by government such as city-wide metro rail network, and logistics hub due to its geographical
position, which is near the centre of India.
With this background and with the interest shown by Nagpur city administration to further the work in the building efficiency sector, the ‘Zero
Carbon Building Accelerator (ZCBA), project is implemented in the city as an extension of the previously implemented Building Efficiency Accelerator
project. The ZCBA program is launched by World Resources Institute (WRI) and supported by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and United
Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in 2021. ICLEI South Asia is a regional partner of the ZCBA and is supporting Nagpur Smart & Sustainable
City Development Corporation Limited (NSSCDCL) and Nagpur Municipal Corporation (NMC) for implementing the ZCBA project in Nagpur.
5
The Zero Carbon Buildings Action Plan for building decarbonization comprises transformative actions and strategies developed through stakeholder
consultations, considering its suitability to the local context, aligned with the existing national and state policies and frameworks pertaining to
building codes and bye laws.
Nagpur is in the process of preparing its new development plan with the vision of making the city more resource efficient, liveable, and sustainable.
Nagpur’s ‘Zero Carbon Building Action Plan’ is prepared at the right time and will pave the way towards decarbonising city’s rapidly growing
building and construction sector. This Action Plan will contribute to India’s pledge to become Carbon Neutral by 2070. The plan has been prepared
with the intended goal of making all upcoming new buildings to be net zero carbon by 2030 and all buildings to operate at net zero carbon by 2050.
6
2. About Nagpur City
Nagpur is located in central India and is an important administrative centre in the state of Maharashtra. It is one of the greenest cities in India and
is also known as Orange City, being a prominent centre for the cultivation of orange fruit. Nagpur spans an area of 227.29 sq. km and houses a
population of about 2.9 million as of 2020.
Being a city with tropical wet and dry climatic conditions, Nagpur experiences seasonal weather patterns with an annual average rainfall of about
1,100 mm, and is known for its hot and dry summers where temperatures can go up to 48°C in May.
Nagpur is emerging as a major medical, logistics and education hub. The peripheral areas of the city host various industries such as chemicals,
cement, electrical, electronics, textile, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food processing, wood, and paper-based industries. The city is witnessing a rise
in real estate investments, especially in its larger metropolitan region due to the metro rail project and improved road connectivity.
The Nagpur Municipal Corporation is the primary agency responsible for the city’s urban governance. The Nagpur Smart and Sustainable City
Development Corporation Limited (NSSCDCL) is a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) established to implement the Government of India’s Smart Cities
Mission in Nagpur and supports the NMC in urban planning and infrastructure development.
Population Location Area

2.9 Million 78°30” to 79°30” E Longitude 227.29
Estimated (2020) 20°30” to 21°45” N Latitude Sq. Km.
Climate Raifall Municipal Budget

Composite 1,110 mm 27,960 million
INDIA
Maharashtra
Nagpur
Figure 1: Nagpur city profile
7
3. Defining Zero Carbon Buildings for Nagpur
Over the course of its lifecycle, a building emits significant quantities of GHG emissions in the form of embodied, operational and end-of-life
emissions respectively (see Figure 2). In this section, these lifecycle emissions have been elaborated along with the stages where mitigation
potential is higher and ZCBs for Nagpur have been defined.
3.1. Understanding Building Lifecycle Emissions

z Embodied emissions: These GHG emissions result right from the extraction of the constituent raw materials to the completion of the
building’s construction. Embodied emissions need to be addressed from the early planning and design stage, since the potential to reduce
these emissions decreases significantly as a building project advances (see Figure 2).
z Operational emissions: Pertains to emissions resulting from building operations, once the building is occupied and contributes to a majority
of GHG emissions during the building lifecycle. This also includes any changes, additions, and alterations to the building and its machinery.
z End-of-life emissions: End-of-life or demolition emissions result from processing from building demolition activities and processing of the
construction and demolition (C&D) waste. While end-of-life emissions are generally comparatively lower than embodied and operational
emissions from buildings, management and processing of C&D waste is becoming a critical in cities.
Better information and measurement of energy and resource consumption, GHG emissions and environmental impacts across stages of the
building lifecycle can help policymakers and authorities to design and implement suitable low carbon and n measures across the value chain,
without restraining the development and economic benefits of the building and construction industry.
Embodied Emissions Operational Emissions End-of-Life Emissions

z Raw Material Extraction and z Building Operations and z Building Demolition
Transportation Maintenance z C&D Waste
z Manufacturing z Appliances used in kitchen, space Management
z Transportation to Site lighting and cooling, building
z Construction (Equipment and utility services
Electricity Consumption) z Retrofitting
Build Nothing
100%
Explore Alternatives
Build Less
Maximise use of
existing assets
Carbon Reduction Potential
Build Clever
Optimise material
usage and design with
low carbon materials
Build Efficiently
Use low carbon
construction technologies
and eliminate waste
0%
nten &
ning
ign
tion
ion
e
Mai ration
anc
olit
Des
truc
Plan
Source: Adapted from World

Dem
Ope
s
Con
Green Building Council (2019)
Figure 2: Sources of Energy Use and GHG Emissions in the Building Lifecycle and Carbon reduction potential in different building phases over
time
8
Thus, there is a need and opportunities to reduce GHG emissions from the choice building materials, and how buildings are designed, built,
operated and deconstructed. As shown in Figure 2, the highest potential to influence embodied and operational carbon reduction exists during
the planning and design stage. This is also the stage when authorities and the industry have opportunities to explore how the existing building
asset serviceability can be optimized for a longer period of time. In the subsequent stages of building, climate responsive design and opting for low
carbon materials with efficient construction techniques and technologies can help to further reduce GHG emissions.
One approach is moving towards a 9R framework (Figure 3) circular economy to reduce the need to use virgin materials and optimizing the material
supply chain such that the building materials are repaired and reused till they reach their redundancy. Improvements in the manufacturing process
can be implemented by reducing the GHG emission due to extraction of raw materials and repurposing the existing building materials so that they
can have a similar or alternative function to their original. Above all, any solution, whether to reuse the materials or to dispose-off the materials or
to repurpose the materials, would need to consider the overall direct and indirect GHG emissions associated with them.
Circular Economy Strategies

Make product redundant by abandoning
R0 Refuse its function or by offering the same
function with a radically different product Innovations
Smarter in core
Increasing Make product use more intensive (e.g.
product technology
Circularity R1 Rethink through sharing products, or by putting
use and
multi-functional products on the market)
manufacture
Increase efficiency in product Innovations
R2 Reduce manufacture or use by consuming fewer in product
natural resources and materials design
Re-use by another consumer of discarded
R3 Re-use product which is still in good condition Innovations
and fulfils its original function in revenue
Repair and maintenance of defective model
Rule of thumb: R4 Repair products so it can be used with its original
Higher level of function Socio-
Extend
circularity = lifespan of institutional
Restore an old product and bring it up
fewer natural product and R5 Refurbish change
to date
resources its parts
and less Use parts of discarded product in a new
environmental R6 Remanufacture
product with the same function
pressure
Use discarded product or its parts in a new
R7 Repurpose
product with a different function
Process materials to obtain the same

R8 Recycle
Useful (high grade) or lower (low grade) quality
application of
materials Incineration of materials with energy
R9 Recover
recovery
Linear Economy
Source: Potting et al. (2017)
Figure 3: Circularity strategies within the production chain
9
Other Residential (direct)

8% 6%
Residential (indirect)
Transport
11 %
22 %
Emissions from energy use
Non-residential in building operations
Other industry
37 % (direct)
3%
30 % Non-residential
(Indirect)
8%
Other building and Buildings construction
construction industry - concrete,
industry aluminium and steel
30 % 6% Process emissions from
Estimated emissions material manufacturing
for bricks and glass
~3 %
Source: UNEP (2022)
Figure 4: GHG Emissions from Building and Construction sector in 2021
As shown in Figure 4, the building construction industry accounts for 37% of global CO2 emissions. Of this share, 28% of emissions are from energy
use in building operations, with direct emissions from fossil fuel use in buildings contributing to 9% and electricity consumption leading to 19% of
operational emissions. Process related emissions from manufacturing of building construction materials such as concrete, steel, aluminium, glass
and bricks account for about 9% of global CO2 emissions.
3.2. Understanding Net-Zero Carbon Buildings

The United Nations defines Net-zero emissions as cutting GHG emissions as close to zero as possible, with any remaining emissions re-absorbed
from the atmosphere by sinks such as oceans and forests (United Nations, 2022). India’s Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change
(MoEFCC) defines Net-zero emissions as removing as many emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere as those produced (Press
Information Bureau, 2022).
The building sector is responsible for significant GHG emissions, which are generated at different stages of a building’s life – right from the
production and sourcing of construction materials that go into a building to its end-of-life processing. Therefore, from the perspective of buildings,
net-zero carbon emissions would mean cutting down or reducing GHG emissions over its lifecycle, i.e., embodied emissions from building materials’
production and construction activities, emissions from energy use and building operations, and emissions from its demolition, through appropriate
measures.
The adoption of zero carbon buildings has grown globally based on the advancements in technology, regulatory and policy landscape. The following
Table captures the different levels of building performance and associated definitions of zero carbon buildings.
Basis/Definition High levels of energy High levels of energy Highest levels of energy efficiency
efficiency with limited efficiency with operational supplemented with uptake of low
adoption of renewable energy demand met embodied carbon materials and efficient
energy due to feasibility through renewable energy building envelope design. Life cycle
constraints on site emissions to be mitigated by on-site and
off-site renewable energy interventions
Near Net Zero Building ü
Net Zero Energy Building ü ü
Net Zero Carbon Building ü ü ü
10
Transition of buildings from energy efficient to Zero Carbon Buildings
Zero Carbon Buildings status can be achieved in progressive manner as shown in figure 4, going anticlockwise:
z Energy Efficient buildings involve adoption of active and passive efficiency improvement measures such as LED lighting, natural ventilation,
wall and roof insulation, heat pumps, among others.
z Nearly Zero Carbon buildings are energy efficient and additionally utilize renewable energy generation (on-site or off-site) to meet a portion
of their energy demand while also serving their cooling demands through more efficient technologies such as district cooling.
z Net Zero Carbon buildings can then be understood as the buildings that additionally meet all of their energy demand through zero-emission
energy sources (grid or on-site) while Whole Life Zero Carbon buildings go a step further ahead and utilise building materials that are produced
with minimum or zero environmental footprint.
For achieving the status of energy efficient buildings, the progress can be initiated by adopting building energy efficiency improvement active
and passive measures such as LED lighting, natural ventilation, wall and roof insulation, heat pumps, among others. Nearly Zero Carbon Buildings
are the ones that are equipped with on-site renewable energy generation and meet cooling demands through more efficient technologies such
as district cooling. Net Zero Carbon and whole life zero carbon buildings can then be understood as the buildings that procure energy through
decarbonised grid and utilise building materials that are produced with minimum or zero environmental footprint.
Whole life
Energy-efficient Zero-carbon
Efficient heating
buildings buildings
and cooling
systems
Green materials Net Zero-carbon

(bricks, timber, or Zero-carbon
glass and buildings
steel)
Roof and wall
insulation
Onsite renewable
and/or decarbonised grid
LED lighting (green power and
district energy)
High District
performance heating/cooling
windows
Onsite renewable
(solar or PV)
Natural
ventilation Nearly
Zero-carbon
buildings
External Heat pumps
shades
Source: UNEP (2022)
Figure 5: Illustration of defining Net Zero and Zero Carbon Buildings
11
3.3. Defining Zero Carbon Buildings for Nagpur

The following figure provides the approach followed to arrive at the definition of Net-zero carbon buildings and to guide Nagpur’s roadmap and
actions. Advancing towards and achieving net-zero carbon buildings at scale in Nagpur will be driven by local sector trends, technology uptake,
policy and regulatory actions, costs and financing, and coordinated action by all stakeholders involved in the value chain.
Actions
Policy
S ca
es
Ini cal
tiv
lin
Lo
tia
gU
p
Industry Zero Carbon Capacity

Innovation Building - Building
Nagpur
Vo take
erg ry
lun
Syn dust
Up
y
tar
In
y
Enabling
Finance
Figure 6: Approach to Nagpur’s Zero Carbon Buildings Definition
Definition of Zero Carbon Buildings for Nagpur
Buildings that improve their lifecycle environmental performance through measures that reduce embodied, operational and
end-of-life GHG emissions without compromising visual and thermal comforts
12
4. Enabling National and Sub-national Policies and

Strategies for Building Decarbonization
As already established, the building and construction sector is one of the most energy and GHG emission intensive sectors. Conventional buildings
have significant lifecycle emissions and energy requirements related to constituent building material, construction activity, energy consumption
for building operations, building retrofit or renovation activities, and from building demolition and waste management. It is therefore necessary to
have frameworks in place to keep the energy consumption and GHG emissions in check, in both existing and new buildings.
In this regard, roadmaps and policy frameworks exist at the national, state and city level that support reduction of GHG emissions and non-
renewable energy consumption and promote sustainability in the buildings sector (see Table 1). These frameworks are a part of India’s strategy to
contribute to global climate change action and sustainability development goals (SDGs).
Nagpur’s Zero Carbon Building Action Plan builds upon these frameworks and initiatives to formulate building sector decarbonization strategies at
the local-level. In the long term, these strategies would require to be progressively scaled up with forward-looking actions to enhance the overall
sectoral impact at the city-scale. The following table attempts to capture the gist of enabling national, sub-national, and local initiatives, policies,
and mechanisms to reduce emissions in the buildings sector.
Table 1: Policy Frameworks and Initiatives supporting Building Decarbonization
Enabling Framework Key goals and elements

National Linkages
India’s Nationally Determined z Reduce GHG emissions intensity of its GDP by 45% by 2030
Contributions (NDCs) (updated) z Achieve 50% cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based resources by
and climate commitments, 2022 2030
z Develop frameworks for cutting-edge climate technology
z Promote a healthy and sustainable way of living following principles of LIFE1
z Enhance climate resilience
z Net-zero emissions goal by 2070
India’s Long-Term Low-Carbon z In 2022, MoEF&CC submitted a Framework Document on India’s “Long-term low greenhouse gas
Development Strategy emission development strategies”, taking into account national circumstances and priorities for
sustainable development.
z For the building and construction sector, the strategies to achieve low carbon development include
{ Mainstreaming adaptation measures in urban planning and measures for enhancing energy
and resource efficiency within urban planning guidelines, policies and bylaws
{ Promoting climate-responsive and resilient building design, construction, and operation in
existing and future buildings
Energy Conservation Building Code, z ECBC is mandatory for new commercial buildings having a connected load of 100 kW or contract
2017 demand of 120 kVA or more. ECBC recommends energy related standards and criteria on building
envelope, HVAC, lighting, electric power and distribution among others.
z Energy saving requirement of 25% at minimum for ECBC compliant buildings. Buildings with 50%
energy saving are rated as Super ECBC buildings.
1. LIFE - Lifestyle for Environment
13

Eco-Niwas Samhita, 2018 z Eco-Niwas Samhita is applicable for all residential buildings built on plot area greater than or equal
to 500 sq. m.
z Part-I of Eco-Niwas Samhita provides minimum building envelope performance standards to limit
heat gains (for cooling dominated climates) and to limit heat loss (for heating dominated climates),
as well as for ensuring adequate natural ventilation and daylighting potential.
z Part-II is focused on electro-mechanical and renewable energy in addition to the envelope
parameters.
Energy Conservation (Amendment) z Seeks to give powers to the Central Government to mandate ECBC compliance for commercial and
Bill, 2022 residential buildings with a connected load of 100 kilowatt or above.
z Aims to introduce a carbon credit trading scheme to reduce carbon emissions, and an obligation to
meet a certain percentage of energy demands through non-fossilized sources for designated (large)
consumers
Renewable energy Open Access z Open access limit has been reduced from 1 MW to 100 kW for any open access consumer to increase
amendments, 2022 renewable energy mix in the grid. Helps to promote renewable energy adoption in buildings.
Smart Cities Mission, 2015 z Aims to integrate smart technologies in different sectors to achieve sustainable urban development
in an energy-efficient and cost-effective manner in identified Smart Cities, including Nagpur
z Promotes creation of urban spaces that are energy and resource efficient. Guidelines outline that
80% of the buildings in the smart city areas need to be energy-efficient with adoption of green
building design and 10% of the smart city area’s energy requirement should be met by solar energy.
India Cooling Action Plan, 2019 z The National Cooling Action Plan maps India’s cooling growth scenarios for a 20-year period and
provides potential pathways and cross-cutting recommendations to achieve sustainable cooling.
z Action areas include space cooling (or comfort cooling) in buildings, air conditioning and
refrigeration technologies, and alternative refrigerants.
Ministry of Housing and Urban z Climate responsive urban planning assessment framework to guide climate action across sectors in
Affairs - Climate Smart Cities Indian cities
Assessment Framework (CSCAF), z Provides a framework for cities to undertake climate action and improve performance in five focus
2019-21 areas i.e. (i) Urban Planning, Green Cover and Biodiversity (ii) Energy and Green Buildings; (iii)
Mobility and Air Quality (vi) Water Management and (v) Waste Management.
Standards and Labelling z The Standards & Labelling Program sets energy performance standards for refrigerators, air
Programme, 2006 conditioners, ceiling fans, LED lamps, motors, and other appliances. The electrical appliances need
to adhere to minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) and display energy consumption
labels. Currently, the scheme covers 30 types of equipment/appliances. The implementation of
this mandate has resulted in increased adoption of energy efficiency amongst consumers and the
manufacturers.
BEE Building Materials Directory z A low carbon material directory is being developed by the BEE for building sector stakeholders across
the country to promote and facilitate adoption of sustainable building materials
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – z PMAY-U is a flagship mission of the Central Government to provide more than 12 million low-cost
Urban affordable houses by year 2024.
z The Global Housing Technology Challenge (GHTC), initiated under the PMAY-U, aims to showcase
innovative and alternative construction technologies to transition to sustainable and eco-friendly
housing.
14

Green Building Rating Systems and z Various green and energy efficient building certification systems developed by Bureau of Energy
Energy Efficiency Star Rating for Efficiency (BEE), Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED), Excellence in Design for Greater
Buildings Efficiencies (EDGE), Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA), Indian Green Building
Council (IGBC), Green and Eco-friendly Movement (GEM) have been adopted across the country.
z Systems such as IGBC, GRIHA and GEM have been developed for various building typologies of varying
scales including institutional, commercial, residential, existing building and large developments.
z The BEE’s Building Star Rating, rolled out for various building typologies, is a voluntary building rating
scheme to reflect the level of energy efficiency achieved, based on the building’s energy performance
index (EPI) score.
Material Certifications and z Recognizes materials that adhere to low emissions and environment friendly manufacturing criteria
Declarations Initiatives established by relevant green certifying agencies.
z Ensures that declarations such as environmental product declarations (EPD) are in place for various
building materials to increase transparency and help buyers make a conscious choice.
State-level Linkages
Green Building Incentives and z Maharashtra state’s Unified Development Control and Promotion Regulations (UDCPR), 2020
Mandates in Maharashtra State’s incentivises compliance with green building concepts and strategies for various building typologies.
Unified Development Control To promote adoption of green buildings, it offers an FSI incentive of 3% to 7% based on the level of
Regulations, 2020 green building compliance.
z For plot size above 4000 sq.m., all buildings shall incorporate solar water heater/solar PV and plot
sizes above 500 sq.m. buildings are mandated to have rain water harvesting systems.
Local Linkages
Climate Resilient City Action Plan z The Climate Resilient City Action Plan (CRCAP) for Nagpur, ratified and adopted by the city government,
for Nagpur provides a comprehensive assessment of energy use and GHG emissions from urban activities and
services, and the impact of climate change on urban infrastructure. It suggests potential strategies
and actions to increase urban climate resilience.
z Adopting the multi-sectoral mitigation strategies has the potential to reduce Nagpur’s GHG emissions
by 20% i.e., 614,376 tCO2e by 2025-26 considering the 2017-18 emissions baseline.
z Includes building sector strategies such as implementation of green building measures, adoption of
ECBC and climate responsive guidelines in the building byelaws, scaling up use of RE systems like
rooftop solar PV and solar water heater, use of energy efficient equipment and appliances, among
others.
Building Efficiency Accelerator z Under the BEA project, a technical guideline specific to Nagpur has been prepared for energy efficient
(BEA) and climate responsive housing. The document aims to guide the building industry and end users
to adopt energy efficiency measures at various stages of design and construction and for municipal
authorities to include appropriate measures in tender documents and local building bye-laws.
z Pilot energy benchmarking and energy audits were conducted for select public and private buildings
in the city. The aim was to help the ULB to promote building energy efficiency by scaling up the
exercise in both public and private buildings.
Property Tax Incentives for z The ULB provides property tax incentives of up to 10% for houses incorporating at least two out of
sustainable actions in buildings four eco-friendly practices, which include, producing compost through waste segregation, rainwater
harvesting, wastewater treatment and reuse, and adoption of solar or any type of renewable energy.
15
5. Approach for Action Plan Development
Nagpur has developed this roadmap to support its ambition for at-scale decarbonization of its buildings sector. NMC and NSSCDCL initiated the
process for development of Nagpur’s ZCB Action Plan in June 2022, with technical support from ICLEI South Asia provided through the Zero Carbon
Buildings Accelerator (ZCBA), enabled by funding assistance from the World Resources Institute through the Global Environment Facility (GEF). The
Action Plan has been developed through on-ground information gathering, stakeholder consultations, review of literature, and technical analyses
to outline actions and steps necessary for the city to advance on its building decarbonization goals.
The key steps undertaken to develop this Action Plan include:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Project kick-off Consultations Primary and Gaps and barrier Formulation of Discussion of Preparation and
with building secondary analysis draft strategies draft strategies approval of Final
and construction research with the city and ZCB Action Plan
sector stakeholders
stakeholders
Initiation of Zero To understand The key building Synthesis of collected Based on the gaps A Stakeholder ZCB Action Plan for
Carbon Building the state-of-play, typologies, trends data and inputs and barrier analysis, Consultation Meeting Nagpur was prepared
Roadmap for opportunities and and their approval from stakeholder draft strategies was conducted in and finalized, based
Nagpur. Introductory challenges at the processes, and consultations to were developed December, 2022 to on the outcomes
meetings were local level, one to energy consumption identify gaps, considering the discuss the draft of consultations,
held with NMC and one consultations patterns in the city challenges and building lifecycle strategies developed for its approval and
NSSCDCL officials. with building were understood opportunities for the stages, to enable as a part of the adoption by the NMC
industry stakeholders from city officials, uptake of zero carbon targeted adoption Action Plan and to and NSSCDCL.
were held including town planning buildings of building gather suggestions
city officials, real department, and the decarbonisation on how the city
estate developers, energy distribution actions. would be able to
architects, engineers, company implement these
technology and actions.
service providers,
academicians,
product
manufacturers
16
6. Baseline Assessment and Gap Analysis
A baseline assessment was undertaken, using primary and secondary research, considering elements such as the city’s climate and built
environment characteristics, land use pattern, building stock, and its electricity consumption and GHG emissions. Information was collected from
relevant municipal and utility companies, to understand the existing status, trends, gaps, and key enablers for Nagpur’s buildings and construction
sector to transition to zero carbon buildings.
Simultaneously, stakeholder mapping was carried out to identify key stakeholders to support the Zero Carbon Buildings transformation locally.
Extensive consultations were undertaken with the identified building industry stakeholders, spanning public sector departments to private
building developers and product manufacturers to understand the status, gaps and barriers related to adoption of low carbon materials and
practices. Further information on the stakeholders consulted is available in Annexure 1. This section provides an overview of Nagpur city’s building
sector baseline and profile followed by a gap analysis.
Stakeholder mapped and consulted
Builders and real Researchers, academicians

Government officials
estate developers and experts
Architects and Service providers and

Civil society
engineers product manufacturers
6.1. Climate Characteristics Relevant to Built-Environment

Nagpur falls under the composite climate zone as identified by the National Building Code. The city experiences both wet and dry climate conditions
with pronounced dry conditions prevailing for most of the year. 90% of the city’s annual average rainfall of 1,110 mm is received between June and
September. Summers are extremely hot in Nagpur, lasting from March to June, when temperature can go up to 48°C in May, the hottest month. The
summer season is the driest part of the year when the relative humidity goes down to 20% or less particularly in the afternoons. Winter lasts from
November to January, during which temperatures drop below 10°C.
In terms of seasonal wind-flow patterns for Nagpur, during the summer season it is observed that hot winds flow between the North and West
direction. With high speed hot winds flowing from the Northwest direction, it is important to block these hot winds to ensure indoor thermal
comfort. In the winter season, cold winds are predominantly seen to flow between the Northwest and Northeast direction. High speed cold winds
blow from the North and blocking these winds is important. During the monsoon season, the wind direction is observed to predominantly between
Northwest and West directions and thereby windows should be oriented strategically so as to maximize cross-ventilation during this season.
Based on climate projections, both at the regional and city-level (Masalvad & Vasudeo, 2015), it is anticipated that Nagpur will witness increased
temperatures in the future. Regional assessments indicate that the annual mean temperature will increase by around 1.95 - 2.2°C in the Nagpur
region by 2050s (TERI, 2014). Based on the heat index (which combines relative humidity and air temperature) estimations, Nagpur division is
expected to witness increased heat stress in the form of an increase in the number of dry days (5 to 6 days) in 2030s. These projections imply an
increased need for indoor thermal comfort in the built environment, potentially leading to higher energy demand in the current scenario.
6.2. Land Use

Nagpur’s land area is primarily used for residential purposes/spaces (45%), followed by the land under public use (41%), as of 2011. Commercial
and industrial developments occupy 6% of the city’s land while 8% of the land use is towards parks and gardens.
17
7% 8%
6%
Airport
Railways
12%
Roads
Public Utilit
1% Public Purpose
Buildings (Commercial and Industrial

15%
45% Buildings (Residential)
Garden
6% Source: CDP Nagpur, 2015
Figure 7: Existing land use breakup of Nagpur - 2011
Nagpur is currently updating its City Development Plan to outline its future development and to plan for urban infrastructure and services until year
2031. The total area being considered under this revised Development Plan is 235 sq. km. Land use has been proposed for 2031 to conform to the
required norms as per Urban and Regional Development Plans Formulation and Implementation (URDPFI) guidelines.
5%
Other
Agriculture Land
22% Garden
32%
Airport
Railways
Roads
6% Public Utility
3%
Public Purpose
5% 4% Industrial
4% Commercial
11%
Residential
8% 1%
Source: CDP Nagpur, 2015
Figure 8: Proposed Landuse for Nagpur City - 2031
18
6.3. Building Sector Profile

Nagpur city’s building stock mainly comprises of residential buildings, characterized mainly by independent houses or bungalows, and low to
mid-rise buildings. High-rise buildings have begun to emerge in the vicinity of the mass-rapid transit network of the Nagpur metro, that began
operating in 2019, due to the development of the high-density Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Zone.
The western part of Nagpur has a predominance of independent or detached and semi-detached (i.e. having common walls) bungalows/houses,
and residential apartments, whereas the central and eastern part is more populated with a higher density of residential buildings having common
walls on at least one face. The Southern part of Nagpur has developed of late, with a trend of construction of new high-rise structures being
witnessed. The Eastern peripheral regions such as Pardi, Punapur and Bharatwada primarily feature low-rise independent semi-pucca and kuchha
houses/bungalows.
With Nagpur being an important administrative centre, it houses numerous public and institutional buildings, located mostly in its central Civil
Lines area. These public and institutional buildings are typically observed to be a mix of mid and high-rise buildings. Social housing is being built
by NMC and NSSCDCL in the Area Based Development area of Nagpur’s Smart City Project, with green building principles being incorporated in
such housing.
Commercial establishments such as shops, offices and retail establishments are concentrated in the city’s established central business districts
including Sitabardi, Itwari, Sadar, Mahal, and CA Road. Small, medium and large-scale commercial buildings and establishments (such as malls,
hotels and high-end commercial outlets) are generally located along the major arterial and sub-arterial roads in these areas. Small establishments
are observed to generally have a compact building footprint with a single storeyed to three storeyed structures. Medium and large commercial
establishments have large footprints and are generally high rise structures (G+4 or 15m and above), often with considerable open areas and plot
setbacks. Large high-rise commercial buildings such as IT buildings, which are few in number, are concentrated in the Gayatri Nagar IT Park and
MIHAN (outside the city limits).
6.4. Building Stock Assessment

To understand the growth and trends in Nagpur’s building stock, data and insights on existing buildings and on new building approvals were
gathered from the Property Tax and Town Planning departments of NMC.
The Property Tax department is responsible for levying taxes for different types of building developments, segregated primarily into residential
and non-residential categories. As shown in the figure below, residential buildings dominate the city’s building stock with average annual growth
rate of 7% observed from 2012-13 to 2018-19.
800000
700000 Residential Non-Residential
600000
500000
400000
300000
200000
100000
0
2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Source: Property Tax Department, NMC
Figure 9: Nagpur Building Stock 2012-2018
19
The Town Planning Department of NMC maintains data on building approvals/permits. This building approval dataset from the department
categorizes new buildings receiving approvals by their plot area, height, number of stories, and building typology. Based on the data available
from 2017-18 to 2021-22, analysis of the building approval dataset presented in this section is divided into three major categories2: residential,
non-residential, and mixed-use.
z Residential: Consisting of purely residential building use.
z Non- residential: Consisting of purely non-residential building use.
z Mixed-use: Consisting of a combination of residential and non-residential building use.
2021-22
600 Total approved built-up area 900
6,28,047sq. m.
up Area x 1000
800
500 Total approved Buildings
802 700
Approved Buildings
2017-18
Total approved built-up area
400 600
3,28,264 sq. m
Total approved Buildings 500
Approved Built
300 240
-
400
200 300
200
100
100
0 0
2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
Non-Residential B.up Residential B.up Mixed B.up Source: Town Planning Department, NMC
Non-Residential No. Residential No. Mixed No. Note: Datasets have been processed to remove
data points with gaps and outliers.
Figure 10: Building typology-wise approved built-up area vs number of buildings approved annually
Key Observations and inferences Purely Purely non Mixed

Residential Residential Use
z Predominance of new residential buildings
being constructed annually
Average
z Gradual growth in trend towards high-rise Building
buildings (four storeyed structures and above) Footprint
672 Sqm 4,603 Sqm 2,998 Sqm
z Decline in building approvals in FY 2020-21
due to CoVID related lockdowns/restrictions Average
z Future building sector growth will probably Buildings
Approved
continue to be driven by the residential sector.
Annually
468 31 21
6.5. Energy Consumption Assessment

The residential sector, primarily through residential buildings, is a key driver of energy consumption and thereby GHG emissions in Nagpur. Based
on Nagpur’s Climate Resilient City Action Plan (CRCAP), it is seen that the residential sector accounted for 43% of the city-wide energy consumption
and 38% of GHG emissions in 2017-18.
2. The Town Planning department categorises the building approval dataset into two typologies: Residential and Non-Residential. However, based on the data obtained,
buildings have been divided into three categories.
20
21%
37% Waste
Transport 43% 38%
Residential Residential
19,041,677 Buildings 3.03 Buildings
GJ 18% million tCO2e
Transport
5% 5%
Manufacturing Manufacturing
Industries and Industries and 18%
Construction 15% Construction Commercial and
Commercial and Institutional
Institutional Buildings / Facilities
Buildings / Facilities
Source: Climate Resilient City Action Plan Nagpur, 2021
Figure 11: Left: Share of Sectoral Energy Consumption in Nagpur (2017-18). Right: Share of Sectoral GHG in Emissions in Nagpur (2017-18)
With electricity being the prominent energy source used in buildings, it is observed that residential buildings accounted for 75% of electricity
consumption and related GHG emissions at the city-scale in 2021-22.
Residential Commercial Industrial

1800
124 120
1600 179
167
Electricity consumption in million units
1400 312 306 180 216
1200
1000
800
1180 1220 1213 1204

600
400
200
0
2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
Source: MahaDISCOM, Nagpur Urban Circle
Figure 12: Sector-wise Electricity Consumption in Nagpur
21
11% 11%
Industrial Industrial
14% 14%
Commercial Commercial
1599 1.31
Million kWh Million tCO2e
75% 75%
Residential Residential
Source: MahaDISCOM, Nagpur Urban Circle and internal analysis
Figure 13: Left: Share of electricity consumption by building type (2021-22). Right: Share of electricity related GHG emissions by building type
(2021-22)
160.00 40
140.00 35
Consumption in Million Units
120.00 30
Temperature in °C
100.00 25
80.00 20
60.00 15
40.00 10
20.00 5
0.00 0
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
September
October
November
December
August
Thermal Comfort Range Consumption

Average Consumption Average Temperature Source: MahaDISCOM, Nagpur
Urban Circle and climate-data.org
Figure 14: Monthly electricity consumption pattern vs average monthly temperature, 2021-223
Key Observations and Inferences
z Residential sector is the largest consumer of energy, including both electricity and fuel-based consumptions, and the highest contributor
to GHG emissions in Nagpur. The commercial and industrial sector also have significant contributions.
z For year 2021-22, residential buildings had the highest electricity consumption and associated GHG emissions.
z Electricity consumption across the months has a correlation with thermal comfort in terms of average temperature and humidity levels.
It is seen that electricity consumption for residential sector increases during the summer and monsoon months. In the monsoon months,
humidity exceeds 50%, thereby contributing to an increase in electricity demand. The monthly consumption during the months of April
and May is 34 and 41%4 higher than the average monthly consumption.
3. National Building Code 2016 defines thermal comfort between TSI values of 25°C and 30°C with optimum condition at 27.5°C. Tropical Solar Index (TSI) is defined as the
temperature of calm air, at 50 percent relative humidity which imparts the same thermal sensation as the given environment.
4. Utility companies record and issue the energy consumption bill of previous month in the current month hence figure 14 shows peak consumption in June month.
22
6.6. Key Gaps and Barriers Identified

The uptake of ZCBs and particularly the uptake of low carbon materials depends on the readiness of the stakeholders involved in the value chain.
It is important to understand and address the gaps and barriers which prevent wider uptake of ZCB interventions and actions. To best capture
stakeholder insights and experiences, a questionnaire was formulated for consultations with relevant stakeholders. About 30 stakeholders from
Nagpur’s building industry, such as, city officials and planners, real estate developers, material suppliers and manufacturers, architects, civil
engineers, academicians, and civil society representatives were identified and approached to understand the existing trends in the buildings and
construction sector, and to identify various gaps and barriers in the uptake of low carbon materials and techniques. Stakeholder insights on gaps
and barriers have been captured below.
1 Building Regulations and Policies

Regulations at sub-national level deterring the uptake of ZCBs
z ULBs need to adhere to multiple statutory guidelines such as National Building Codes, UDCPR and CPWD norms and to check various
compliances, making the process tedious. Moreover, ULBs have to approach the State Government to modify or make any changes in the
building bye-laws and UDCPR. In general, more clarity is required in various regulations in terms of detailed cohesive guidelines for key
stakeholders to follow.
z ECBC is limited to large commercial buildings and is voluntary in nature for residential buildings (Eco-Niwas Samhita). Green building
compliances in UDCPR are mandatory for projects of certain size and scale5 and are voluntary in nature for remaining building developments.
z State government of Mahrashtra has initiated retrofitting of public buildings based on Green Building principles. However, uptake is slow
and there is a gap to promote and implement interventions to transition to net-zero buildings.
Low-carbon building related regulations at local level are voluntary
z NMC provides tax incentives for specific measures such as rainwater harvesting and solar water heaters through the local building
regulations. However, it lacks provisions and incentives for promoting other low-carbon interventions and for ZCBs in general are lacking.
z The mechanism for the ULB to record and check implementation of green building interventions needs to be strengthened and expanded to
address ZCB measures. The ULB relies on the green building certifying agencies to track compliance at present.
z Promition of ZCBs and related strategies is not considered in overall urban and land use planning processes and practices. There is a need
to include ZCB enabling guidelines/regulations into the building permit process and criteria as administered by the city’s Town planning
department.
Lack of institutional capacity to promote ZCBs
z Lack of coordination, particularly between builders and developers and green building certification agencies, with very limited understanding
of ZCBs across building and construction sector stakeholders is resulting in ZCB adoption being absent.
z ULB needs to setup formal institutional structures and stakeholder committees/groups comprising of building industry stakeholders to take
informed decisions and closely monitor and regulate the developments with a focus on uptake of ZCBs
Operations and End of Life regulations
z Retrofitting initiatives for improving building energy performance are not prevalent. BEMS systems are not integrated with residential and
small/mid commercial buildings which hinders building energy performance monitoring.
z Regarding construction and demolition waste, it is being directed towards Bhandewadi landfill site or outside the city and there is no
decentralised/centralised C&D waste collection/segregation and transport mechanism. However, recently ULB has awarded work to a
private agency to manage the C&D waste.
5. It is mandatory that the buildings in an Integrated Township Project have at least 3 star ratings from GRIHA / Silver from IGBC / Silver from LEED / equivalent rating from The
ASSOCHAM GEM.
23
2 Building Materials and Construction

Preference to certain materials and techniques considering safety, economic and durability aspects
z Use of Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) is a prevalent construction technique as it is fast, affordable, durable and has an established
ecosystem. Whereas alternative low carbon materials are yet to be established or mainstreamed, considering their safety, lifespan, limited
availability, being perceived as expensive, and need for additional skills to use them.
Limited availability of major building materials locally
z Primary building materials such as cement and steel are sourced from well-established supply chains that usually involve transboundary
procurement, adding to embodied energy and overall emissions.
z Finishing materials such as stones and floor tiles are sourced from other states as they are cheaper than their local counterparts.
Low carbon building materials have low acceptance
z Low carbon materials have low acceptance due to apprehensions surrounding their structural performance, thermal performance, resistance
to weather, among others. There is a perceived lack of demonstrated suitability of low-carbon materials over the long term.
z Certified green rated building materials are costlier than their conventional counterparts. Hence, their uptake is low.
z Few established brand manufacturers have started providing voluntary Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) for their materials.
However, use of materials with EPDs and green certification is not mandatory in the Indian context.
z Various start-ups manufacture or are exploring supply of low-carbon building materials but face stiff market competition due to their
limited market reach and established supply chains of large private sector players.
Low carbon building materials and techniques have technical limitations
z Various mud or earth based construction techniques have practical limitations with regard to achievable height and span of structures, need
for regular maintenance, and susceptibility to weather conditions, among others.
z For building types such as IT offices, hospitals, malls, research facilities, and other large non-residential buildings, mechanical cooling
systems may be unavoidable even if materials with low thermal transmittance and passive design strategies are used.
z During summers when temperatures go beyond 40°C, artificial cooling may be unavoidable to achieve indoor human thermal comfort
levels, even if the thermal transmittance of the envelope materials is low. Moreover, with summer temperatures going beyond 40°C in
Nagpur, mechanical cooling may be required to achieve indoor thermal comfort levels.
z Masonary structures using envelope materials such as Fly-Ash bricks and AAC bricks can develop cracks if such materials are not deployed as
per their requisite specifications and guidelines.
z A mechanism monitor and reduce emissions generated from construction equipment and machinery is lacking.
Limited use of renewable energy and E-mobility in construction activity
z The use of Electric Vehicles (EVs) for transporting building materials is negligible.
z Financial support and incentives such as the assistance for grid-connected solar rooftop programme is not available to commercial and
industrial consumers during the construction stage. Guidelines promoting the use of grid-tied solar PV systems during construction are
lacking.
Lack of skilled workforce
z Certain low carbon construction techniques such as filler slab, rat trap bond and guna tile based roofing require skilled workforce which is
not easily available
24
3 Financing Zero Carbon Buildings

Slower growth of Zero Carbon Buildings footprint, especially residential and commercial spaces hindering investments
z Limited market demand exists for green and zero carbon buildings from the consumer side, given that buyers generally consider initial
costs in purchasing decisions. Given limited information and awareness on resulting benefits and savings, ZCB projects are perceived to be
more expensive by building developers throughout the project lifecycle, i.e., from designing of green buildings till their operation phase.
Moreover, benefits and cost savings from adoption of ZCB measures are realized at a later stage over the building’s operational lifetime and
not considered by buyers/occupiers, who are not willing to pay additional upfront costs for such benefits.
z FSI incentives of up to 7% additional FSI are offered to green buildings under the Maharashtra UDCPR, 2020. However, the existing level of
incentives are insufficient to cover the additional capital expenditures incurred by developers to adopt ZCB strategies holistically. Moreover,
in the case of Nagpur, developers are not always able to fully utilize and monetize the additional floorspace offered through such FSI
incentives, due to relatively low market demand for real estate in the city. There is a need to identify the right type of fiscal/monetary
benefits that sufficiently incentivize developers and adequately reflect additional costs incurred at market rates.
Unavailability of concessionary financing mechanisms that can offset Zero Carbon Building premiums at project initiation phase
z Financing for real estate projects differs as per the project size and on case to case basis. Dedicated financing mechanisms offered by banks
for green buildings are very limited and completely absent for ZCBs.
z Few banks have the facility of providing additional loans for specific low-carbon interventions such as installation of rooftop solar PV
systems. These financial offerings however do not provide concession in interest rates.
Lack of knowledge dissemination through success stories.
z State and local government environment departments need to expand their coordination with industries/stakeholders that have successfully
implemented ZCB and green building projects and understand operational and financial needs
z Limited evidential information exists in the local context on ZCB related strategies and solutions and associated benefits. This poses
challenges in monetizing the benefits possible from adoption of ZCB strategies, thereby making it difficult to attract private capital and
external financing for implementation of ZCB projects at-scale.
4 Capacity Building
Limited capacity at local level across building sector stakeholders
z There is a significant gap in knowledge and capacity with regard to ZCBs across stakeholders. Capacity building exercises led by public
sector, builder/developer associations and certifying agencies need to be strengthened further to promote adoption of ZCB strategies and
materials.
z Government led construction sector training courses focus more on conventional RCC and brickwork-based construction techniques
z Building occupants (especially residential occupants) have limited knowledge on improving energy efficiency and managing building
emissions during the occupancy stage.
z There is a need for ULB led pilot interventions to generate awareness and increase the uptake of ZCB strategies
Lack of product transparency and knowledge database
z There is a lack of an exhaustive single source database of low carbon building materials for Nagpur.
z Information related to building material LCA, benefits, GHG emission, is not easily accessible or not published on public forums. Efforts and
exercises to generate such holistic information on building material sustainability and inform decision-making are currently largely absent
at the local and regional level.
25
7. Vision Statement for Nagpur’s Zero Carbon Buildings
Nagpur has set its vision to outline its ambition to transform its buildings to net-zero carbon buildings and to steer the roadmap and action plan
to realize this ambition.
To initiate the decarbonization of Nagpur city’s building and construction sector by encouraging key stakeholders to
adopt strategies that reduce embodied, operational and end of life energy and emissions of buildings.
The Zero Carbon Buildings Action Plan has the goal of developing new buildings as Net Zero by 2030 and
all buildings to be Net Zero by 2050.
In the construction sector, the urban local governments play a vital role to regulate and guide the development activities in the city as a part of their
statutory powers. For Nagpur, the NMC and NSSCDCL will lead, coordinate, and facilitate actions to help achieve this vision, through their planning
and regulatory authority. These two city agencies will aim to promote and implement certain city specific initiatives, with the support of the State
Government and other nodal bodies, that can have wider impacts and benefit all its citizens.
Building industry stakeholders, including builders and real estate developers, architects, civil engineers, material suppliers and manufacturers,
service and utility providers, technical institutes and research organizations, NGOs and associations, as well as occupants and end-users of buildings,
will be key players to drive the sectoral transformation in Nagpur. The industry is currently reliant on energy and emission intensive techniques
because of sluggish pace of uptake of low carbon strategies. While Nagpur’s ZCB Action Plan does not aim to disrupt the existing supply chain and
its dependents, it does strive to gradually transform the existing ecosystem to include low carbon strategies in various phases of the building and
material lifecycle and increase the city’s capacity to support the entailing actions.
26
8. Approach to Formulating the Transformative

Interventions
Transformative actions have been identified in this section in line with Nagpur’s vision of developing all buildings to be net-zero carbon by 2050.
Interventions have been identified addressing the building lifecycle, across four phases including pre-construction, during construction, occupancy
and end-of-life. It should be noted that building decarbonisation opportunities with higher potential exist at pre-construction stage or planning
stage. 28 interventions have been recommended across the four building lifecycle phases, including policy and regulatory measures as well as
actions addressing building materials and technical measures.
For the interventions, short (0-2 years), mid (2-7 years) and long-term (>7 years) goals have been outlined for effective policy planning, to identify
forward looking demonstration projects and support implementation at scale as depicted in the Figure below. The implementation strategy for the
proposed interventions extends across these timeframes and broadly targets building sub-types in a phased manner, starting with implementation
in government owned public buildings as proof of concept in the short term, transitioning into decarbonising the large commercial and residential
complexes by mid-term, and eventually extending actions to cover the city’s entire building stock to achieve net-zero buildings starting from 2050.
A list of cross-cutting interventions have also been identified, encompassing aspects such as integrated urban planning, whole building lifecycle
with promotion of conscious public procurement and circularity. To enable the net zero buildings transition, key enabling actions on finance and
capacity building are also included.
2023 2030 2050
Base Year All new All buildings to

buildings to be be net zero
net zero
Pre Construction
10 Interventions
Capacity Building Short Term
Interventions 0 – 2 Years
Policy and
During
Regulatory
Construction
Finance 06 Interventions
Mid Term
Interventions 2 – 7 Years
Occupancy
Stage Materials
and
Cross Cutting 09 Interventions Technical Long Term
Interventions 7+ Years
End of Life
03 Interventions
27
The Figure above captures all the core interventions identified across four major building lifecycle phases, covering ambitious yet attainable
actions based on policy and regulatory recommendations, low carbon materials, building operations’ and energy use, and end-of-life of buildings.
Recommended interventions focus more on activities that contribute to direct energy and resource consumption and GHG emissions. The identified
measures address activities that are largely controlled and managed by key stakeholders such as local authorities, builders and developers and
building material manufacturers, considering the current byelaws, enabling state and national level policies and targets, capacity of local builders
and developers, and materials and technology providers, and overall trends in the construction industry.
Stakeholders to lead and support implementation of the recommended interventions have been identified. Lead stakeholders would have the
primary responsibility to issue and implement the relevant policy and guidelines to support the intervention, as is the case with ULB, State and
Central Government, and nodal agencies. Various technical experts and actors such as architects, civil engineers, service and utility providers, and
material manufacturers will lend vital support by providing necessary push for voluntary initiatives and ensure implementation and technical
compliance of the suggested interventions. In addition, these technical experts would also play an important role to advise the ULB to frame
enabling policy measures. Real estate developers, building owners, managers and occupants shall ensure that the interventions are implemented
as per the issued guidelines and norms and as per the advice of the technical experts to integrate net zero strategies and maximize building
efficiency throughout its lifecycle.
8.1. Interventions Overview

An overview of the 28 ZCB interventions identified for Nagpur, capturing policy and regulatory measures and materials and technical measures,
are listed below.
1 Pre-Construction
z Guidelines & codes on low-emission buildings included in DCR locally
z Adopt climate responsive building envelope design
z Faster approvals & financial benefits for green buildings
z Consider building lifecycle & include conditions in building approval
z Adopt certified low-carbon materials, technologies & techniques in new construction
z Incorporate passive cooling solutions & strategies into building design
z Building approval requirements to use high energy-efficiency utilities & appliances
z Design buildings to support rooftop solar PV uptake
z Promote RE open access facility for net-zero buildings
z Plan building project sites to maximise & conserve green cover
2 During Construction
z ULB to enforce the implementation of dust mitigation measures at construction sites as per CPCB guidelines
z Promote construction workers’ well-being & inclusion
z Create an ecosystem to promote reuse of industrial & agricultural by-products
z Encourage local procurement & manufacturing of construction materials
z Use of renewable energy & energy efficient equipment for building construction sites
z Use electric vehicles for transportation of building materials and personnel
28
3 Occupancy Stage
z Enact energy performance standards for existing buildings
z Promote green rating & performance labelling of existing buildings
z Guidelines for retrofit measures to improve energy performance
z Promote high energy efficiency in common utilities
z Energy benchmarking program for reporting of energy use & performance
z Building renovation program to conduct energy audits & implement energy improvement measures
z Adopt building energy management systems in large public & private buildings
z Scale up uptake of rooftop solar PV – potential study for existing rooftops & to enable large-scale adoption
4 End of Life
z Promote deconstruction of old buildings instead of demolition. Mandate adoption of deconstruction strategies to obtain approvals for new
buildings & redevelopments
z Implement appropriate C&D waste management guideline and policy
z Procurement & use of recycled C&D waste and its products
The interventions for this roadmap have been identified through stakeholder consultations, which helped understand the existing gaps and
barriers and determine the enablers required to make the building decarbonisation transition easier. NMC and NSSCDCL are expected to lead this
transition by formulating robust and ambitious policy actions, showcasing implementation of ZCB actions through demonstrative projects in public
buildings and affordable housing, promoting replication and scale-up in commercial and residential building segments, and establishing effective
monitoring mechanisms. The ULB shall closely work with the identified stakeholders while designing the polices and key enablers such as financial
models to fast-track the adoption of ZCBs in Nagpur. The following section outlines the list of interventions and their details across the four targeted
building lifecycle phases.
29
9. Interventions
9.1. Pre-Construction
The interventions have been formulated with the aim to include ZCB guidelines, recommendations and statutory provisions in the UDCPR to drive
low/no carbon building designs. Pre-construction or design stage for any project has maximum potential to reduce embodied carbon and the
strategies have been formulated to realise this potential.
Interventions
Intervention 1 ULB to coordinate with the State Government to update & modify relevant sections in the
Include relevant UDCPR pertaining to building sustainability & energy performance, in accordance with codes
guidelines, codes and & guidelines such as ECBC, Eco-Niwas Samhita, National Building Code (Part 11), Nagpur’s
regulations on efficient Short Term Guidelines for Energy Efficient & Climate Responsive Homes.
and low emission
buildings into the Updated provisions & measures from codes & guidelines to achieve net-zero buildings to be
Development Regulations incorporated into the UDCPR locally, considering Nagpur’s context.
Mid to
at local level Long Term
Implement pilots in new public & affordable housing buildings. Incorporate climate
Intervention 2 responsive design guidelines in UDCPR.
Short Term
Adopt climate responsive
building envelope design
Increased adoption in new residential, commercial & public buildings due to inclusion in
with building typology-
UDCPR & improved awareness
wise minimum criteria Mid Term
for building energy
performance All new residential, commercial, & public buildings shall adopt climate responsive designs
due to requirements in UDCPR.
Long Term
ULB to provide faster approvals, precertification assistance and FSI monetization options
Intervention 3 for pre-certified green buildings, targeting small and mid-size commercial, residential and
Provide building approval Short to institutional buildings.
Mid Term
related and financial
benefits for green building
ULB to provide faster approvals, precertification assistance and FSI monetization options
pre-certification targeting all buildings.
Long Term
Policy and Regulation Materials and Technical
Anticipated Benefits for Proposed Interventions

Benefits à Climate Resilience Energy Savings Health and Well Being Emissions Reduction Resource Efficiency UHIE Reduction
Intervention 1
Intervention 2
Intervention 3
Highest Impact Lowest Impact
30
Carry out LCA & identify benchmarks for all new public buildings & affordable housing.
Intervention 4 Issue guidelines for simplified LCA & establish initial performance criteria for building types.
Short Term Inclusion of LCA in green building certification.
Include consideration
of lifecycle impact of Establish LCA benchmarks for different building categories. All new large commercial,
buildings & requirements residential & public buildings to perform LCA & meet benchmarks for building approval.
for the same in building Mid Term Promote LCA during major renovations.
approval
All buildings shall perform whole-building LCA & meet minimum benchmarks for embodied
carbon for building approval, during new construction & for major renovations.
Long Term
Use of low carbon materials & certified green products (alternative cements, recycled
envelope materials) & construction techniques in new public buildings & affordable housing
Intervention 5 Short Term by including requirements in tenders. Implementation of pilots.
Adopt certified low-
carbon materials, All new large commercial, residential & public buildings shall use low carbon techniques
technologies & techniques & materials for their major components. Use of alternative eco-friendly cements for all
in the construction of new Mid Term structural & non-structural components of buildings.
buildings
All commercial, public & residential buildings shall adopt low-carbon techniques & materials
for nearly all building components, during new construction & major renovations.
Long Term
Adopt & integrate solutions in new public buildings & affordable housing. Promote initial
uptake in new large commercial & residential buildings along with district cooling potential
Intervention 6 Short Term study in building clusters.
Incorporate passive &
energy efficient cooling Expand uptake in new commercial & public building construction & in all new mid to
large-size residential buildings & homes. Integrate district cooling infrastructure for new
solutions & strategies
Mid Term developments with high potential.
into the building &
microclimate design City-wide uptake in all new non-residential construction & residential buildings. Passive &
energy efficient cooling solutions shall be included in large renovations. Implement district
Long Term cooling systems in high cooling demand zones.

Intervention 4
Intervention 5
Intervention 6
31
Mandate use of high energy efficiency appliances in new large-scale commercial & public
buildings, residential apartments & large independent houses through UDCPR.
Intervention 7 Short Term
ULB to include
requirements in building Mandates extended to new mid- sized commercial buildings, residential apartments &
approval to use high independent houses. ULB to facilitate & incentivize uptake in low-income households.
Mid Term
energy-efficiency utility &
indoor appliances
All building types shall use super-efficient appliances & equipment.
Long Term
Mandates set for minimum share of total electricity demand to be met by rooftop solar PV in
large-scale commercial, public, affordable housing & residential buildings through UDCPR.
Short Term
Intervention 8
Establish mandates & Mandates extended to mid-sized commercial, public & residential buildings. Renewable
design buildings to help energy (RE) programme & financial incentives for small scale commercial & low-income
tap into rooftop solar PV Mid Term residential buildings.
potential
All buildings with accessible rooftops use on-site solar PV & it shall cater to most of their
energy demand. DISCOMs shall offer additional RE power supply through open access to
Long Term consumers for near net-zero building operations.
ULB in consultation with DISCOM to issue guideline to support & integrate RE open access for
upcoming large public, residential & commercial buildings.
Short Term
Intervention 9
Promote open access
facility for renewable Majority of public & private buildings opt for open access RE purchase.
energy purchase to Mid Term
support net-zero buildings
All the eligible public & private buildings opt for open access RE purchase.
Long Term

Intervention 7
Intervention 8
Intervention 9
32
ULB to plan & maximise green cover and site permeability in public buildings & affordable
housing projects. Issue guidelines for maximizing green cover for buildings and site
Short Term permeability.
Intervention 10
Plan building project sites
to maximise and conserve Large commercial & residential projects plan & design buildings ground level open spaces,
facades, balconies, common areas & terraces to maximise green cover and site permeability.
permeable surfaces and Mid Term
green cover
All building typologies shall maximise green cover and site permeability as per guidelines
issued by the ULB.
Long Term

Intervention 10
Stakeholder Responsibility Matrix for Pre-Construction Stage
Associations, Institutes,
Architect/Civil Engineer
Urban Local Body (ULB)
Government Agencies
Real Estate Developer
Financial Institutions
Providers/ Installers
Occupants/ Owners
Building Material
Academia, NGOs
Service & Utility
MEDA & DISCOM

Highest Role Manufacturers
State/ Central
Major Role
Minor Role
Minimal Role
Intervention 1: Include relevant guidelines, codes and

regulations on efficient and low emission buildings into the
Development Regulations at local level
Intervention 2: Adopt climate responsive building

envelope design with building typology-wise minimum
criteria for building energy performance
Intervention 3: Provide building approval related and

financial benefits for green building pre-certification
Intervention 4: Include consideration of lifecycle impact

of buildings & requirements for the same in building
approval
Intervention 5: Adopt certified low-carbon materials,

technologies & techniques in the construction of new
buildings
Intervention 6: Incorporate passive & energy efficient

cooling solutions & strategies into the building &
microclimate design
33
Government Agencies
Occupants/ Owners
Building Material
Academia, NGOs
Service & Utility
MEDA & DISCOM

Highest Role
Manufacturers
State/ Central
Major Role
Minor Role
Minimal Role
Intervention 7: ULB to include requirements in building

approval to use high energy-efficiency utility & indoor
appliances
Intervention 8: Establish mandates & design buildings to

help tap into rooftop solar PV potential
Intervention 9: Promote open access facility for

renewable energy purchase to support net-zero buildings
Intervention 10: Plan building project sites to maximise

and conserve permeable surfaces and green cover
34
9.1.1. Detailed Interventions for Pre-Construction Stage
Policy and Regulation
Intervention 1: Include relevant guidelines, codes and regulations on efficient and low emission buildings into the Development
Regulations at local level
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder ULB and State Government Policy implementation and local enforcement
Supporting Stakeholder Architects/ Civil Engineer, Real Estate Developers Policy advisory, compliance, voluntary initiatives
z ULB to coordinate with the State Urban Development Department to include building energy related guidelines, codes and regulations into
the UDCPR at the local level. Relevant guidelines and codes to be incorporated include Nagpur’s Guidelines for Energy Efficient and Climate
Responsive Homes, National Building Code (Part 11 Approach to Sustainability), and ECBC for commercial and residential buildings (Eco-
Niwas Samhita, 2018). Inclusion of ECBC and Eco-Niwas Samhita shall be as per the Energy Conservation (Amendment) Bill, 2022.
Intervention 2: Adopt climate responsive building envelope design with building typology-wise minimum criteria for building
energy performance
Stakeholder Role
Supporting Stakeholder Architects/ Civil Engineer, Real Estate Developers Policy advisory, compliance, voluntary initiatives
z Improving energy and thermal performance of buildings by following the design strategies in applicable guidelines and standards such as
{ “Nagpur’s Guidelines for Energy Efficient and Climate Responsive Homes” to be included as a notified supplementary guideline in
building bye-laws for building envelop design along with ECBC and Eco-Niwas Samhita as statutory mandates (as applicable)
{ Part – 11: Approach to Sustainability, NBC 2016
{ Mandating Green Building certification for buildings that are not under the purview of ECBC or Eco-Niwas Samhita
z ULB to promote and include requirements for building designs that:
{ incorporate optimised form and orientation with suitable windows sizing
{ wall and roof insulation techniques
{ shading devices
{ appropriate cross ventilation to lower heat gains and improve thermal comfort in the buildings
{ maximising daylighting
Intervention 3: Provide building approval related and financial benefits for green building pre-certification
Stakeholder Role
Supporting Stakeholder Architects/ Civil Engineer, Real Estate Developers Policy advisory
z Setup single window/faster approval process for pre-certified green buildings

z ULB to provide incentives such as financial assistance on pre-certification fees, reduced approval fees
z ULB to provide an option to sell additional built-up obtained as incentive, in the form of TDR
35
Intervention 4: Include consideration of lifecycle impact of buildings & requirements for the same in building approval
Stakeholder Role
Supporting Stakeholder Architects/ Civil Engineer, Real Estate Developers, Policy and technical advisory, compliance, technology
Service & Utility Providers/ Installers, Material and building material disclosures
Manufacturers
z Promote building use, design and choice of materials based on the lifecycle impact of the buildings and its components, through awareness
and capacity building.
z Plans and designs for new buildings and for renovations to focus on reducing impact over the entire lifecycle (from construction to demolition)
z ULB to issue guidelines to apply simplified LCA exercises
z ULB to establish minimum energy and environmental performance criteria based on LCA approach for different building types, linked with
building approval mechanism
Materials and Technical
Low Carbon Construction
Intervention 5: Adopt certified low-carbon materials, technologies & techniques in the construction of new buildings
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder Architect/ Civil Engineer, Material Manufacturers Push for voluntary uptake and create a strong
market for low carbon materials, technologies and
techniques
Supporting Stakeholder Real Estate Developer Maximise voluntary uptake
z Encourage the use of concrete reducing techniques such as Filler Slabs, Mangalore Tile Roofs, Guna Tile Roof, among others
z Encourage construction of certain parts of buildings using earth-based construction techniques such as Wattle and Daub construction, Adobe
Brick walls, among others
z Implement pilot interventions to demonstrate the use of alternative cements like Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3) and green cement
z Encourage the use of construction techniques such as Rat Trap Bond and Cavity Walls that reduce heat ingress
z Promote the use of insulation materials made from recycled materials for the building envelope
z Encourage use of timber or bamboo as a replacement material for steel and concrete structures, where possible
z Encourage procurement of materials that have been certified green by Greenpro, GRIHA, and similar certifying agencies
z Encourage use of pre-cast/pre-fabricated components, such as dense concrete hollow core columns, pre-cast beams, lintels, staircases, wall
panels, among others during building design
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
Intervention 6: Incorporate passive & energy efficient cooling solutions & strategies into the building & microclimate design
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder Architect/ Civil Engineer, Material Manufacturers Push for voluntary uptake
Supporting Stakeholder Real Estate Developer Maximise voluntary uptake
z Promote vertical gardening for vegetative cooling on facades and window openings
z Install evaporative cooling ponds or water screens on the windward side of buildings to cool the hot air entering them
36
z Position windows for improved cross-ventilation, incorporating techniques such as stack effect and venturi effect
z Use elongated chajjas and shading devices for protection from solar radiation
z Encourage the use of glass with low thermal ingress and high light transmittance in building facades and common areas
z Use of cool roofs and reflective surfaces for walls and pavements
z Evaluate and incorporate low-carbon district cooling systems at an early planning stage, particularly for dense commercial and institutional
clusters with high cooling demand
Intervention 7: ULB to include requirements in building approval to use high energy-efficiency utility & indoor appliances
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder ULB, MEDA and DISCOM Policy implementation and enforcement
Supporting Stakeholder Architects/ Civil Engineer, Service & Utility Providers/ Policy and technical advisory, ensure maximum
Installers compliance
z ULB to promote BEE star labelled energy efficient equipment including water pumps, lifts, and indoor appliances such as lighting, cooling,
and electronic items
z Include conditions and enforcement measures in the building approval process on the use of energy efficient equipment and appliances.
Intervention 8: Establish mandates & design buildings to help tap into rooftop solar PV potential
Stakeholder Role
z ULB to mandate use of rooftop solar PV systems in UDCPR to meet building energy demand in new buildings and link it to building approval
and occupancy certification. ULB to establish appropriate enforcement and monitoring mechanism to ensure compliance.
z Building plans and designs to include solar PV systems. Design of rooftops and structures to be done so as to optimize solar PV potential.
Intervention 9: Promote open access facility for renewable energy purchase to support net-zero buildings
Stakeholder Role
z ULB and DISCOM to promote and facilitate renewable energy open access to consumers having load above 100 kW in line with latest
operational norms provided by the Ministry of Power.
Permeable Surfaces and Green Cover
Intervention 10: Plan building project sites to maximise and conserve permeable surfaces and green cover
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder Architect/ Civil Engineer Push voluntary uptake
Supporting Stakeholder Real Estate Developer Ensure maximum uptake
37
z ULB to promote enhanced permeability of hard surfaces at the site level to improve water percolation (through use of open grid grass
pavement, adoption of grid of pavers and void space filled with sand) and prepare guidelines for the same.
z Encourage water efficient landscaping and plantation offering sufficient shade for buildings and site
z Promote plantation of native tree species to enhance local biodiversity and allied ecosystems services
z Encourage greening and landscaping on the terraces and rooftops, especially for plots with limited open space available
z Encourage planning of built-up areas around existing tree cover on-site and green spaces to ensure minimal need for tree-felling, harm, and
disruption
9.1.2. Case studies for Pre-Construction Stage
Box 1: Sustainability and Climate Resilience focused Urban Design Guidelines, Ranchi
As part of its Smart City proposal, Ranchi has proposed greenfield development spanning 656 acres. To enhance the quality of the built area
and open spaces in this new area, it is proposed that due focus will be given to sustainable urban design through guidelines focusing on:
z Creating a vibrant, safe, inclusive and sustainable city to live and work in for citizens
z Integrating city’s ecological assets with the built environment thus ensuring sustainability
z Incorporating sustainable technologies and materials in building designs while leveraging natural elements
z Developing suitable strategies for climate resilience and incentivizing the same
Co-benefits: Active involvement of local Sohrai, Dhokhra, bamboo and wood, and other indigenous art form’s artisans within
Ranchi
Source: : Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, 2019
Box 2: Fly Ash Brick Procurement Policy Mandates, Bihar
In Bihar, the brick sector is the third highest emitter of CO2 after agriculture and energy. This high rate of GHG emissions is due to the present
technology of manufacturing clay brick by using coal as a fuel for brick firing. Agricultural soil is required in the manufacturing of such clay
bricks, leading to an impact on agricultural activity. To address the issue, the Government of Bihar implemented project to promote fly ash
bricks. During the project period from 2012-2018, the market share of fly ash brick industry has improved from 0% to 17% at present.
Timeline:
Government of Bihar set up an Government of Bihar notified Government of Bihar introduced
Inter Departmental Task Force on 100% procurement of fly ash ban on traditional red clay bricks
Clean Building Materials bricks in public sector projects
2012 2017 2018
Source: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, 2019
38
Box 3: TZED homes in Bangalore by BCIL
TZED (ZED stands for Zero Energy Development) is located at airport Whitefield Road,
Bangalore. This five-acre site comprises of 95 homes built on sustainability principles.
The project demonstrates that modern comfort standards can still be met while adopting
sustainable built environment practices. The sustainable strategies used are:
Energy
z Centralised district refrigeration system and air conditioning system using an
ammonia-based chilling unit
z Intelligent lighting systems using motion sensors, ambient light sensors and timers
z LED lights in common areas
z Energy and water use monitoring systems
Construction Materials and Techniques

z Filler slabs, incorporating fly ash blocks
z External walls are built using soil-stabilised blocks (around 500,000 blocks have been used), laterite blocks and finishing treated with
fine waterproof coating.
z Incorporated green roofs
z Rubberwood, a non-forest timber, is used for door shutters and as flooring
z Palm wood has been used for external walkway decking
z Compressed coir door panels for the door shutters
z Bamboo composites provide roofing for part of the club and the interior woodwork in places
Water Efficiency
z Self-sufficient and secure water supply system provided, using the rainwater collected from the roofs
z All wastewater (grey water) is treated, through a process of filtration, aeration and ozonization to be reused for gardens
Source: Architecture & Developpement, 2023
Box 4: Use of Renewable Energy technologies in social housing, Rajkot
Rajkot Municipal Corporation (RMC) deployed rooftop solar PV systems in SMART GHAR
scheme (social housing) to offset the energy demand of common utilities such as water
pumps, elevators, common lighting.
Project is aimed at creating model project of introducing EE and RE measures reducing

conventional electricity from residential sector. After this successful pilot, RMC decided
to implement similar projects in all upcoming social housing projects. Project provided
economic benefits in-terms of reduced building maintenance charges. Residential Welfare
Association members were trained to keep the solar system performance consistent.
Source: Best Practices Compendium: ClimateSmart CITIES, 2019
39
Box 5: Statutory adoption of ECBC codes in Telangana state
Telangana state established web-based Development Permission Management System (DPMS), integrated with ECBC compliance into the
building approval application system. System is being governed by a steering committee for effective implementation.
Key Features:
z Applies to any commercial building with plot area of 1,000 square meters or more or a built-up area of 2,000 square meters or more
z Buildings such as multiplexes, hospitals, hotels, and convention centers, must comply with the ECBC, irrespective of their built-up area.
z Code compliance is verified through third-party assessors during the building design approval stage and after construction.
Source: Natural Resources Defense Council, 2018
Box 6: Vikas Community Apartments, Auroville
This project was the first development in Auroville, which used stabilized earth right from
foundations to roof.
Building Materials and Construction Techniques:
z Stabilised rammed earth foundations with 5 % cement
z Plinths and walls in compressed stabilised earth blocks
z Stabilised rammed earth walls with 5% cement
z Composite beams and lintels and composite columns
z Vaults and domes for floors and roof, made of CSEB
z Paints and plasters with stabilised earth Floorings with CSEB tiles, 2.5cm thick with
5 % cement
z Ferrocement channels of 25mm thickness Various ferrocement items for different uses
z Ferrocement doors, shelves, etc. of 12mm thickness
z Ferrocement plasters for water tanks and ponds
Source: Auroville Earth Institute, n.d.
Box 7: Design with material circularity in mind: Circl, Amsterdam
The new ‘Circl’ pavilion in Amsterdam Netherlands is the first constructed practical
example of sustainable and circular designs. The reuse of the applied materials was
factored into the process right from the start. As far as possible, parts of the structure have
been put together in such a way that in the event of a replacement or demolition, they
can be reused.
Examples of material used with circularity:
z Rejected wooden window frames have been cut into wooden floors and tiled floors
were made from reused concrete with added PCM6 (phase changing materials) that
controls the indoor climate.
z The timber support structure is made from fully dismountable locally sourced Larch
wood.
z Old jeans of employees and bank staff have been included in the ceiling as insulating material.
z The lifts in Circl have not been purchased but have been leased and will return to the manufacturer after ten years.
z All the materials, parts and components used to create the building have been recorded in the form of a “digital twin”, the building’s
passport7, referred to as LLMNT
Source: Architizer, 2019
6. PCM is a material that changes phase at a certain temperature (liquid or solid). During this phase change the material can release warmth or cold to the surroundings to
reduce temperature variations
7. ‘A material passport describes all materials, components and elements used in a building. It is a digital model, a dataset, with valuable information on different building
levels. This information gives value for present use, recovery and reuse’ (Mulhall, et al., 2017; Circle Economy, van Odijk, van Bovene, 2014)
40
Illustrative Examples for Pre-construction Stage Interventions
Egg Crate Shading Device (Source: 2030 palette, Permeable paving (Source: Indiamart, n.d.)
n.d.)
Filler slab construction (Source: Blurring XPS roof insulation installation (Source: SPL
Boundaries, n.d.) Insuboard, 2021)
41
9.2. During Construction Stage

During In this stage, interventions are formulated to reduce emissions that occur during on-site construction activities. Strategies would be
applicable for new buildings, to ensure emissions compliance, use of renewable energy and energy efficient systems for construction, and material
reuse.
Interventions
ULB to implement pollution control measures and monitor dust mitigation at construction
sites for new public building projects as per CPCB guidelines.
Intervention 1 Short Term
ULB to enforce the
implementation of dust Initiate & expand dust mitigation monitoring & reporting for new large commercial &
mitigation measures at residential buildings to meet norms.
construction sites as per Mid Term
CPCB guidelines
All new constructions to undertake dust mitigation as per the prescribed norms.
Long Term
ULB to update/ modify SOPs to ensure employment of women in ULB led construction
Intervention 2 activities in line with prevailing regulations (Building & Other Construction Workers Act,
Short to Mid 1996). Provide training facilities for skill development of women.
Promote construction Term
workers’ well-being &
inclusion
ULB to ensure compliance & enforcement of regulations. Increased employment for women
in private construction.
Long Term
ULB to construct non-structural parts of new public buildings & affordable housing
projects with concrete mixes using agricultural by-products & natural resins
Short Term
Intervention 3
Create an ecosystem Large commercial & residential buildings to incorporate concrete mixes with agricultural
by-products & natural resins for non-structural members. ULB to reuse industrial &
promoting the reuse of
agricultural by-products for structural members of public & affordable housing
industrial & agricultural Mid Term buildings as a proof of concept.
by-products
All commercial, residential & institutional buildings incorporate concrete mixes with
agricultural by-products & natural resins for structural & non-structural members.
Long Term

Intervention 1
Intervention 2
Intervention 3
42
ULB to develop, maintain & annually update a repository of local materials. ULB to procure
local materials for public buildings & notify guidelines to source raw materials for in-situ
Short Term production of materials such as non-fired bricks.
Intervention 4
Encourage local Uptake of local materials in large commercial & residential projects, manufactured within
procurement & 400 km from the project site- as per the ULB norms or the relevant green rating agency,
manufacturing of Mid Term whichever is applicable.
construction materials
Increased uptake of in-situ production & local building materials in all types of public &
private building projects.
Long Term
ULB to promote use of RE & EE equipment in the construction of public buildings by including
conditions in tender documents. Uptake of on-site solar PV system initiated at construction
Intervention 5 sites of commercial & residential buildings, where sufficient open space is available.
Short Term
Use of renewable energy
& energy efficient (EE)
equipment for building
construction sites Expand the uptake of RE systems & efficient equipment at construction sites of all building
Mid to Long typologies.
Term
Initiate the switch to electric vehicles using available EVs like E-Rickshaws. ULB to strengthen
EV infrastructure such as fast charging stations & EV parking lots to support EV adoption in
Short Term construction activity.
Intervention 6
Use electric vehicles
Vendors & suppliers to begin use of light commercial EVs to locally move lightweight
for transportation of construction materials to site.
construction materials & Mid Term
personnel
Based on the advancement in EV technology, vendors & suppliers to use heavy commercial
EVs to supply heavy loads & materials to construction site.
Long Term

Intervention 4
Intervention 5
Intervention 6
43
Stakeholder Responsibility Matrix for During Construction stage
Government Agencies
Highest Role
Occupants/ Owners
Building Material
Academia, NGOs
Service & Utility
MEDA & DISCOM

Major Role
Manufacturers
State/ Central
Minor Role
Minimal Role
Intervention 1: ULB to enforce dust mitigation measures at

construction sites as per CPCB guidelines
Intervention 2: Promote construction workers’ well-being

& inclusion
Intervention 3: Create an ecosystem promoting the reuse of

industrial & agricultural by-products
Intervention 4: Encourage local procurement &

manufacturing of construction materials
Intervention 5: Use of renewable energy & energy efficient

(EE) equipment for building construction sites
Intervention 6: Use electric vehicles for transportation of

construction materials & personnel
44
Photo by Anjali Lokhande on Unsplash
9.2.1. Detailed Interventions for During Construction Stage
Planning and Regulation
Intervention 1: ULB to enforce dust mitigation measures at construction sites as per CPCB guidelines
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder ULB and State Government Policy implementation and en-forcement
Supporting Stakeholder Real Estate Developer Ensure compliance
z ULB shall develop construction emission norms and monitoring protocols based on CPCB Guidelines and actions stated in Nagpur City Air
Pollution Control Action Plan.
z ULB shall conduct training for builders, architects, and civil engineers towards on-site emission monitoring and reduction measures.
z ULB to undertake regular inspections at site to monitor construction emissions
Intervention 2: Promote construction workers’ well-being & inclusion
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder ULB and State Government Policy implementation and en-forcement
Supporting Stakeholder Real Estate Developer Ensure compliance
z Ensure provision of basic amenities to construction workers as per “The Building and Other Construction Workers Act, 1996” especially women
and children-specific interventions considering their health and safety
z Identify and assign skilled and unskilled roles to women in the building construction industry
Materials and Technology
Intervention 3: Create an ecosystem promoting the reuse of industrial & agricultural by-products
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder Architect/ Civil Engineer Push for voluntary uptake
z Identify and encourage the use of agricultural and industrial by-products like fly ash, natural resins, bagasse, hemp, and pozzolans, to be used
as binders and additives in the preparation of concrete and making non-structural parts of the building. The composition of the concrete mix
shall be as per the structural design specifications.
Intervention 4: Encourage local procurement & manufacturing of construction materials
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder ULB and State Government Policy Implementation
Supporting Stakeholder Material Manufacturers Develop a strong local supply chain
z Project proponents to procure majority of the building materials (excluding major building materials such as steel and cement) that are
manufactured within 400 km from the project site, or as specified by the relevant green rating agency, whichever is applicable
z Encourage in-situ production of non-fired bricks like sun-dried bricks and Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks (CSEB) wherever possible
45
Intervention 5: Use of renewable energy & energy efficient (EE) equipment for building construction sites
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder MEDA & DISCOM Policy implementation and issue of permits
z Use on-site solar PV systems and off-site RE options (such as virtual net metering) to meet electrical energy demand during construction
z Use of energy efficient lighting fixtures, water pumps, star rated diesel generators and other relevant equipment for improving on-site energy
efficiency
Intervention 6: Use electric vehicles for transportation of construction materials & personnel
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder Building Material Manufac-turer & Real Estate Devel- Initiate and maximise transition to EVs
oper
Supporting Stakeholder ULB and State Government Implement EV centric policies and increase essential
EV infrastruc-ture
z Encourage transition to EVs for transportation of materials to the building construction sites as well as for other activities during construction
Case Studies for During-Construction Stage
Box 1: In-situ Production of CSEB Blocks at Institute of Rural Research And Development, Gurgaon
The Institute of Rural Research and Development at Gurgaon uses soil excavated from its
basement to produce CSEB Blocks for its masonry and for its landscape garden slopes.
In addition, the entrance lobby, boardroom and the central atrium use waste plywood
wooden crating planks, broken tiles and glass to demonstrate reuse of waste.
Source: Lall, 2018
Illustrative Examples for During Construction Stage Interventions
Agro-waste Gypsum Hollow CSEB Block Production (Source: Local Stone Paving (Source: EV based goods transport solutions
Blocks construction (Source: Singh Auroville Earth Institute, n.d.) ExportersIndia, n.d.) (Source: Lidhoo, 2022)
et al., 2022)
46
9.3. Occupancy Stage

The strategies for this stage are aimed towards improving the energy performance of existing buildings by notifying guidelines for energy
benchmarking and auditing practices for buildings and by launching retrofit programmes and strengthening of compliances through energy
monitoring and management systems.
Interventions
Introduce minimum EPI requirements for existing public & mid to large size commercial
buildings (such as hotels, retail, IT offices).
Short Term
Intervention 1
ULB to enact energy Update & expand minimum EPI requirements to apply to all existing public & commercial
performance standards for buildings. Also, frame the minimum EPI requirements for large residential buildings.
existing buildings Mid Term
Set mandatory minimum EPI requirements for near net-zero energy use applicable for all
existing commercial, public & residential buildings.
Long Term
Promote green rating certification/labelling for existing public & large commercial buildings
(such as hotels, retail, IT offices).
Short Term
Intervention 2
Promote green-rating & Establish green rating certification/labelling requirements for all existing public & commercial
performance certification/ buildings. Also, promote green certification/labelling of existing mid to large-size residential
labelling of existing Mid Term buildings.
buildings
Mandate green rating certification/labelling for near-net zero performance required for all
existing commercial, public & residential buildings.
Long Term
Promote conformance to guidelines for renovations of existing public & large commercial
buildings. Establish policy for government offices to periodically replace old low-efficiency
Short Term equipment, supplemented by an E-waste management strategy.
Intervention 3
ULB to issue guidelines for Establish conditions for renovations of all existing public & commercial buildings to adhere
retrofitting measures to to guidelines & update guidelines to include advancements in measures & solutions for near
improve building energy Mid Term net-zero performance.
performance
Establish conditions for renovations of all existing commercial, public & residential buildings
to adhere to guidelines.
Long Term

Intervention 1
Intervention 2
Intervention 3
47
All new & existing public buildings achieve the minimum performance criteria for utilities as
Intervention 4 per UDCPR guidelines. Promote adoption in large-size commercial & residential buildings.
Short Term
Promote highly energy
efficient common utilities All new & existing mid to large size public, commercial & residential buildings meet the
by establishing energy minimum energy performance criteria for common utilities. ULB to revise the benchmark
performance requirements Mid Term requirements for future constructions.
& conditions to obtain
building permissions All new & existing buildings of all types meet the minimum energy performance requirements
for common utilities.
Long Term
Promote energy performance reporting & minimum energy use/EPI benchmarks initiated
for existing public buildings & mid to large-size commercial buildings (such as hotels, retail,
Intervention 5 Short Term IT offices).
Expand energy
Establish mandatory requirements for public & commercial buildings to meet minimum
benchmarking program
EPI benchmarks. Promote reporting & benchmarking in large residential apartments &
to promote reporting of independent houses.
Mid Term
energy use & performance
in buildings
Entire building stock (non-residential & residential buildings) to report on energy
performance & to adhere to minimum EPI benchmarks for near net-zero operations.
Long Term
Carry out audits & implement deep energy retrofit measures in prioritized public &
Intervention 6 commercial buildings with high energy consumption. Pilot projects in public buildings &
Establish a building affordable housing to demonstrate potential benefits of renovations.
Short Term
renovation/retrofit
program to conduct
Expand program to cover all existing public & commercial buildings as well as large residential
energy audits &
apartments & houses.
implement deep retrofit Mid Term
measures for energy
performance improvement All existing buildings implement periodic energy audits & energy improvement measures for
& decarbonization near net-zero operations.
Long Term

Intervention 4
Intervention 5
Intervention 6
48
ULB to undertake renovation of external walls and roofs in public, institutional and affordable
housing buildings, and prepare and notify guidelines for adoption of cool and surfaces for
Intervention 7 Short Term various building types including initial uptake in large commercial and residential buildings.
Promote use of cool and
reflective surfaces at Expand the implementation to cover all existing public buildings and commercial buildings
building roofs, walls, and and promote for mid-large size residential apartments and houses.
Mid Term
pavements to reduce
urban heat
All existing buildings undertake renovations to deploy cool roofs and surfaces.
Long Term
Implement IoT tools/BEMS in all large public buildings. Promote use of BEMS in large
Intervention 8 commercial/non-residential buildings.
Adopt Building Energy Short Term
Management Systems
(BEMS) in large public & Mandate use of IoT tools/BEMS in existing large commercial buildings & in all mid to large
private buildings size public buildings.
Mid to Long Introduce IoT/BEMS in common utility meters of mid to large size residential apartments.
Term
ULB to take up implementation of rooftop solar PV in public & affordable housing buildings.
Initiate feasibility assessment to maximise rooftop solar PV uptake in commercial &
Intervention 9 Short Term residential buildings.
Scale up uptake of rooftop
solar PV – potential study Increase rooftop solar PV uptake in large commercial & institutional buildings & high
for existing rooftops & consuming residential townships through demand aggregation & mechanisms such as
to enable large-scale Mid Term RESCO.
adoption
All commercial, institutional & residential buildings implement rooftop solar PV.
Long Term

Intervention 7
Intervention 8
Intervention 9
49
Stakeholder Responsibility Matrix for Occupancy Stage
Government Agencies
Highest Role
Occupants/ Owners
Building Material
Academia, NGOs
Service & Utility
MEDA & DISCOM

Major Role
Manufacturers
State/ Central
Minor Role
Minimal Role
Intervention 1: ULB to enact energy performance standards

for existing buildings
Intervention 2: Promote green-rating & performance

certification/ labelling of existing buildings
Intervention 3: ULB to issue guidelines for retrofitting

measures to improve building energy performance
Intervention 4: Promote highly energy efficient common

utilities by establishing energy performance requirements &
conditions to obtain building permissions
Intervention 5: Expand energy benchmarking program to

promote reporting of energy use & performance in buildings
Intervention 6: Establish a building renovation/retrofit

program to conduct energy audits & implement deep
retrofit measures for energy performance improvement &
decarbonization
Intervention 7: Promote use of cool and reflective surfaces

at building roofs, walls, and pavements to reduce urban heat
Intervention 8: Adopt Building Energy Management

Systems (BEMS) in large public & private buildings
Intervention 9: Scale up uptake of rooftop solar PV –

potential study for existing rooftops & to enable large-scale
adoption
50
9.3.1. Detailed Interventions for Occupancy Stage
Policy and Regulations
Intervention 1: ULB to enact energy performance standards for existing buildings
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder ULB and State Govern-ment, MEDA and DISCOM Policy implementation and en-forcement
Supporting Stakeholder Service & Utility Providers/ Installers Ensure maximum compliance
z Introduce minimum energy performance index (EPI) requirements for commercial, institutional, and residential buildings in phased manner.
EPI requirements can be based on BEE benchmarks or relevant green building rating systems (as applicable to Nagpur’s climatic zone) and
built using local energy performance data for different building typologies and building sizes.
z Update the EPI progressively for different building types to help them achieve nearly net-zero operations.
z Include conditions for buildings to undertake energy performance improvement and decarbonization measures to meet minimum EPI
requirements
Intervention 2: Promote green rating & performance certification/ labelling of existing buildings
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder Architect/Civil Engineers, Service & Utility Providers/ Plan retrofits for maximum com-pliance
Installers
Supporting Stakeholder Building Material Manufac-turers Develop a strong local supply chain
z Encourage existing residential and non-residential buildings to secure green rating certification (such as GRIHA, IGBC for existing buildings)
and energy star labels (BEE labels for Hotels, Commercial Office Buildings, Residential buildings) in line with ECBC regulations for commercial
and residential buildings.
z Establish incentive mechanisms such as tax rebates, concessions, and financial assistance for buildings obtaining certification/labels on
implementation of deep energy renovations
Intervention 3: ULB to issue guidelines for retrofitting measures to improve building energy performance
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder Architect/ Civil Engineer, Service & Utility Providers/ Plan retrofits for maximum energy efficiency
Installers performance
Supporting Stakeholder Occupants/ Owners Ensure maximum compliance
z Incorporate guidelines in the UDCPR for specific building elements such as shading devices/chajjas and overhangs, glazing materials and
installation of UV films, 2-stage evaporative cooling techniques, external and internal paints, and cool/green roof techniques for existing
buildings based on BEA project outcomes
z Establish a policy for Government offices to periodically replace old low efficiency equipment and appliances with high-efficiency models.
Intervention 4: Promote highly energy efficient common utilities by establishing energy performance requirements & conditions
to obtain building permissions
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder Service & Utility Providers/ Installers Plan retrofits for maximum energy efficiency
performance
Supporting Stakeholder Occupants/ Owners Ensure maximum compliance
51
z ULB to prepare and notify an exhaustive list of energy efficient common utility equipment and appliances (water pumps, common area
lighting, lifts, on-site sewage treatment plants) based on building typologies in the UDCPR and as per the guidelines provided by BEE and
linked with occupancy certificate
z ULB to provide occupancy/part occupancy certificates based on the fulfilment of minimum energy performance criteria for common utilities
Intervention 5: Expand energy benchmarking program to promote reporting of energy use & performance in buildings
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder ULB and State Govern-ment, MEDA & DISCOM Policy implementation, enforce-ment and monitoring
Supporting Stakeholder Service & Utility Providers/ Installers Implement compliance measures
z Based on BEA project outcomes, ULB to expand energy use benchmarking program to a larger stock of commercial and non-residential
buildings. Promote annual reporting of energy use and performance by buildings.
z ULB to introduce a centralised energy benchmarking monitoring and reporting tool in consultation with the local DISCOM and state and
national agencies such as MEDA and BEE.
z ULB to develop the tool and conduct training and dissemination amongst occupiers/owners of energy intensive buildings.
Intervention 6: Establish a building renovation/retrofit program to conduct energy audits & implement deep retrofit measures
for energy performance improvement & decarbonization
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder ULB and State Govern-ment, MEDA & DISCOM Policy implementation, enforce-ment and monitoring
z Based on reported building energy use data and benchmarking process, identify and prioritize buildings with high energy use
z Conduct energy audits and identify energy improvement measures for the portfolio of prioritized buildings
z Implement deep energy retrofit measures in the target buildings to improve energy performance and meet minimum energy use benchmarks
Intervention 7: Promote use of cool and reflective surfaces at building roofs, walls, and pavements to reduce urban heat
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder Architects/ Civil Engineers, Building Material Ma Push for maximum uptake and strengthen local
supply chain
Supporting Stakeholder Occupants/ Owners Implement compliance measures
z Install cool roofs and reflective surfaces in buildings through a Cool Roof and Surfaces programme. Solutions such as china mosaic, green
roofs, earthen pots on roofs, reflective paints, insulation membrane cladding to be deployed and promoted in target buildings.
z ULB to prepare and notify guidelines for reflective roofs and walls, including list of suitable plaster materials and roof surfaces, adhesives,
high reflective and low VOC paints, insulation to increase reflectivity from these surfaces and reduce heat absorption. Materials for permeable
pavements and soft scape shall also be included.
52
Intervention 8: Adopt Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) and technology driven components in large public & private
buildings
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder ULB, MEDA & DISCOM Policy implementation, enforce-ment and monitoring
z ULB to build a centralized infrastructure to collect and monitor building performance data for large public buildings, and encourage developers
to incorporate BEMS to provide data and high-level analysis based on energy usage
z BEMS to include minimum level of automation in the system such as lighting and temperature control
z Buildings to use automation and sensor-based tools to regulate building energy consumption based on occupancy, equipment and appliance
use, time of day, microclimate variation, among others
Intervention 9: Scale up uptake of rooftop solar PV – potential study for existing rooftops & to enable large-scale adoption
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder ULB, MEDA & DISCOM Policy implementation and issue of permits
Supporting Stakeholder Service & Utility Providers/ Installers Implement uptake
z ULB to undertake the technical assessment of mapping rooftop solar PV potential of Nagpur city and explore options of maximising uptake of
solar PV and its supply, through business models and mechanisms such as demand aggregation and RESCO models.
9.3.2. Case Studies for Occupancy Stage
Box 1: Indira Paryavaran Bhawan, New Delhi
RE Measures: 930kW capacity solar PV system generating 14.3 units of electricity

annually making it India’s 1st Government building to achieve net zero electricity
consumption
Appliances and Technologies:
z Use of efficient lighting system that uses a lux level sensor to optimize the
operation of artificial lighting
z Use of a chilled beam system to meet 160 TR air conditioning load, thereby
lessening energy use by 50 % in comparison to a conventional system
z All HVAC equipment controlled & monitored through an integrated building
management system.
z Using functional zoning to reduce air conditioning loads
Source: : NZEB, n.d. and Khandelwal et al., 2020
53
Box 2: Apollo Hospitals and Smart Joules
z Apollo Hospitals has entered into a 10-year pay-as-you-save agreement (JoulePAYS) with an energy efficiency company, Smart Joules,
that guarantees 20% reduction in overall energy consumption through for their 17 largest hospital buildings in India.
z Energy management measures addressing heating, cooling, ventilation and automation are being implemented to achieve the energy
reduction.
z In FY 2021-22 Apollo Hospitals has reported monthly energy savings ranging from 12.9% to 27.6% as compared to 2019 baseline
Source: Apollo Hospitals, 2022
Box 3: Energy Efficiency Retrofit: Godrej Bhavan, Mumbai
Year of retrofit completion: 2010
Cost of retrofits: 53.84 Lakhs
Energy efficient measures and audit:

z HVAC-system replacement
z Water-flow meters
z Energy-metering system
z Auto blow down controller at the cooling tower
z High-reflectance paint for the terrace surface
z Energy audit
z Lights with energy-efficient tube lights
Estimated payback period: 9.6 years (Escalating Tariff Scenario)
Estimated cumulative electricity cost saving: 30.34 lakhs (Escalating Tariff Scenario)
Source: Natural Resources Defense Council, 2013
Box 4: Shifting Household Energy Use in Bangalore, India: Using Behaviourally Informed Energy Reports
z The citizen-focused behavior change program called VidyutRakshaka (VR), a joint initiative of Technology Informatics and Design Endeavor
(TIDE) and World Resources Institute (WRI) India, aims to drive long-term change in energy-use behavior of residential consumers in
Bangalore and Chennai through behaviorally designed household energy reports that create more sustainable energy use by tapping into
the principles of behavioral science.
z VR reports provide customers with personalized feedback as well as social comparisons and energy-conservation recommendations
that includes basic information on current consumption, historical consumption, comparison to neighbors, actionable tips, and energy-
savings goals.
z Quantitative survey of over 2,000 households in Bangalore, India, who received Household Energy Reports in 2018 was undertaken.
z It was observed that there was a 7 percent decrease in average monthly energy consumption per household over the course of 12 months,
compared to the monthly average consumption of the same households before receiving the reports.
z There is a city wide potential to save almost US$60 million per year and help avoid emissions from the generation of 604 million kilowatts
of electricity, compared to the case of normal billing.
Source: Hernandez et al., 2022
54
Box 5: Cool roof programme in low-income households of Ahmedabad
Four intervention type roofs: (clockwise) (a) Thermocol ceiling, (b) Modroof, (c) Solar reflective white paint, (d) Airlite ventilation.
Under the Cool Roof Programme, roofs of low-income households deployed cool roof solutions such as thermocol insulation, solar reflective
white paint on the outer surface of the roof, and ModRoof. These solutions were effective in reducing the heat ingress and indoor temperatures.
Source: Vellingiri et al., 2020
Illustrative Examples for Occupancy Stage Interventions
Applying high SRI paints on roof surface (Source: Green Roofs (Source: Architonic, n.d.)
Shield Waterproofing Solutions, 2023)
Vertical Gardening (Source: Organic Fertiliser, 2022) Maximizing Rooftop Solar PV (Source: Gupta, 2021)
55
9.4. End of Life

For this building stage, strategies for scientific management of the construction and demolition waste are provided along with promoting the
aspects of circularity and reuse of waste materials, and safeguarding the immediate surroundings and environment.
Interventions
Intervention 1
Implement building deconstruction guidelines & techniques with procedural mandates for
Promote deconstruction
deconstruction, disassembly & new building approval.
of old buildings instead of Develop a formal register of building demolition contractors & local guidelines and improve
demolition. Short Term awareness.
Mandate adoption of
deconstruction strategies
Update local guidelines & mandates for building deconstruction.
to obtain approvals Large redevelopment projects to increase & maximize salvaging & reusing of building
for new buildings & Mid to Long materials for structural & non-structural components.
redevelopments Term
ULB to issue & enforce C&D waste management mandates for mass generators based on type
& quantity of C&D waste generated.
Intervention 2 Short to Mid ULB to issues guidelines for reuse of C&D waste generated on-site.
Term
Implement appropriate
C&D waste management
Promote C&D waste management amongst small generators.
guideline and policy
Mid to Long Scale up C&D waste management across the city based on future growth & technological
Term advancements.
ULB to implement pilot projects with reuse of C&D waste materials in upcoming public
buildings .
ULB to coordinate with PWD to include building materials made from C&D waste into the ASR
Short Term & promote their uptake.
Intervention 3
Procurement & use of
Increased uptake of building materials made from C&D waste in large commercial &
recycled C&D waste residential projects.
Mid Term
All buildings to use high share of building materials made from C&D waste & to utilize C&D
waste generated on-site.
Long Term

Intervention 1
Intervention 2
Intervention 3
56
Stakeholder Responsibility Matrix for End-of-Life Stage
Government Agencies
Highest Role
Occupants/ Owners
Building Material
Academia, NGOs
Service & Utility
MEDA & DISCOM

Major Role
Manufacturers
State/ Central
Minor Role
Minimal Role
Intervention 1: Promote deconstruction of old buildings

instead of demolition. Mandate adoption of deconstruction
strategies to obtain approvals for new buildings &
redevelopments
Intervention 2: Mandate appropriate C&D waste

management & encourage its reuse in building construction
Intervention 3: Procurement & use of recycled C&D waste
57
9.4.1. Detailed Interventions for End of Life / Demolition Stage
Intervention 1: Promote deconstruction of old buildings instead of demolition. Mandate adoption of deconstruction strategies to
obtain approvals for new buildings & redevelopments.
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder ULB Policy implementation and en-forcement
Supporting Stakeholder Real Estate Developers Implement uptake
z ULB to promote building repurposing and deconstruction instead of demolition to help salvage and re-use building materials and reduce C&D
waste generated from old/dilapidated buildings and redevelopment projects.
z Develop a formal register of building demolition contractors and conduct training on building deconstruction and C&D resource recovery and
management.
z Develop local guidelines and protocols for building deconstruction and disassembly to improve material reuse and recovery. Recommendations
from BMTPC Guidelines for Utilization of C&D Waste in Construction, 2017 can be incorporated.
z ULB to mandate submission of a building Deconstruction Plan along with structural design in order to obtain approvals/permits for new
building structures and redevelopment projects. The Deconstruction Plan should incorporate strategies for engineered disassembly, recycling
and reuse of materials as possible, appropriate disposal of non-salvageable items and protection of immediate surroundings.
Intervention 2: Mandate appropriate C&D waste management & encourage its reuse in building construction
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder ULB Policy implementation and en-forcement
Supporting Stakeholder Real Estate Developers Implement uptake
z Appoint an agency for the collection and management of C&D waste

z Incorporate C&D waste utilization recommendations from BMTPC C&D Waste Management Ready Reckoner for construction and demolition
waste, which supplements the MoEFCC Notification for management of C&D waste, 2016 into local guidelines and regulations
z Establish and enforce mandates for procurement of materials made from C&D waste in new and redeveloped public, commercial, residential
and institutional buildings, subject to strict quality control
Materials and Technologies
Intervention 3: Procurement & use of recycled C&D waste
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder Architect/ Civil Engineer, Real Estate Developer Maximise uptake of recycled C&D waste and materials
Supporting Stakeholder Building Material Manufacturers Establish supply chain using recycled C&D waste
materials
z ULB to encourage the use of building materials made from recycled C&D waste as per the building and site suitability and requirement.
z ULB to promote the use of recycled aggregates in concrete mixes as per IS 383:2016 and as filler materials during construction.
58
9.4.2. Case Studies for End of Life / Demolition Stage
Box 1: Reuse of Construction Debris and Industrial Waste at Galaxy School, Rajkot
The Galay School in Rajkot designed by Ar. Surya Kakani follows a principle of minimum
carbon footprint through recycling, reuse and use of renewable material.
z Debris from 2008 Bhuj earthquake, industrial wastes like fly ash from a Gujarat
Electricity Board thermal plant, gypsum-waste from the sanitary ware industry at
Thangadh and lime-waste from Tata Chemicals Ltd, Mithapur, have been used as the
primary building blocks.
z The trusses for the roof are made from steel pipes brought from the ship-breaking
works at Alang.
z The roofing incorporates renewable matting of date palm leaves on a bamboo
framework over which a final layer of thatch has been laid.
Source: DownToEarth, 2016
Box 2: Adaptive reuse of steel in L.A.
Hudson Pacific Properties in their One Westside project in Los Angeles were able to achieve 33% reduction in embodied energy when compared
to a ground-up construction approach. Majority of the savings came from adaptive reuse of structural steel that was repurposed from the mall
that was in its place.
Source: Hudson Pacific Properties, 2021
Illustrative Examples for End of Life
Crushing Unit at C&D waste Salvaging of building components Pavers made from recycled C&D Products manufactured from
Recycling Plant, Burari (Source: (Source: BMTPC, 2018) waste (Source: Bansal & Singh, recycled C&D waste (Source:
IL&FS Pvt. Ltd., n.d.) 2013) BMTPC, 2018)
59
9.5. Cross Cutting

Strategies suggested take multi-pronged approach of integrated urban planning and improved procurement policies including circularity to
maximise the uptake zero carbon buildings in the city.
A Interventions
Intervention 2
Intervention 1 Constituting a Working Intervention 3
Incorporate Green Public Group/ Committee Disincentivizing non-
Procurement Policy (GPP) for facilitating the compliance with net-zero
and SOPs. implementation of Zero norms
Carbon Buildings
Intervention 5
Promote urban design
Intervention 4 Intervention 6
and development to
Use land development Undertake integrated city
promote wind-induced air
mechanisms to create development planning
flow and address urban
urban-level amenities approach
heat island effect at the
neighbourhood-scale
Intervention 8
Encourage procurement
Intervention 7 of building materials
Promote circularity and from manufacturers that
reuse in materials and undertake (Life Cycle
resources Analysis) LCA and publish
(Environmental Product
Declarations) EPD
Policy and Regulation Urban Planning Materials and Technical
60

Intervention 1
Intervention 2
Intervention 3
Intervention 4
Intervention 5
Intervention 6
Intervention 7
Intervention 8
Stakeholder Responsibility Matrix for Cross Cutting Strategies
Government Agencies
Highest Role
Occupants/ Owners
Building Material
Academia, NGOs
Service & Utility
MEDA & DISCOM

Major Role
Manufacturers
State/ Central
Minor Role
Minimal Role
Intervention 1: Incorporate Green Public Procurement

Policy (GPP) and SOPs
Intervention 2: Constituting a Working Group/ Committee

for facilitating the implementation of Zero Carbon Buildings
Intervention 3: Disincentivizing non-compliance with

net-zero norms
Intervention 4: Use land development mechanisms to

create urban-level amenities
Intervention 5: Promote urban design and development

to promote wind-induced air flow and address urban heat
island effect at the neighbourhood-scale
Intervention 6: Undertake integrated city development

planning approach
Intervention 7: Promote circularity and reuse in materials

and resources
Intervention 8: Encourage procurement of building

materials from manufacturers that undertake (Life
Cycle Analysis) LCA and publish (Environmental Product
Declarations) EPD
61
9.5.1. Detailed Interventions for Cross Cutting Strategies
Policy and Institutional
Intervention 1: Incorporate Green Public Procurement Policy (GPP) and SOPs
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder ULB & State Government Policy implementation and enforcement
Supporting Stakeholder Service & Utility Providers/ Installers, Building Establish a local supply chain and ensure compliance
Material Manufacturers
z ULB to set up GPP policy that aligns with national targets pertaining to renewable energy, energy efficiency, sustainable low-carbon building
materials and technologies
z ULB shall update the standard operating procedures (SOPs) to incorporate RFP criteria maximising building level performance in terms of
energy and material resource efficiency
Intervention 2: Constituting a Working Group/Committee for Zero Carbon Buildings
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder ULB & State Government, MEDA and DISCOM Discretionary Role
Supporting Stakeholder Service & Utility Providers/ Installers, Building Advisory Role
Material Manufacturers, Architects/ Civil Engineers,
Real Estate Developers, Associations, Institutes,
Academia, NGOs
z The State Government shall constitute a Working Group/ Committee comprising of building industry experts like builders and developers,
academicians, researchers, architects and civil engineers, representatives from civil societies and organizations and city officials, among
others, to monitor, review and assess the progress of the ZCB Action Plan, and propose and make periodic updates
Intervention 3: Disincentivizing non-compliance with net-zero norms
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder ULB & State Government Framing norms and enforcement
Supporting Stakeholder Real Estate Developer, Occupant/ Owner Ensure net-zero compliances
z ULB and DISCOM may disincentivize non-compliance with net-zero norms for new and existing buildings through higher utility and civic
service provision charges, disincentivized property tax structure and higher land and property transaction charges among others.
Urban Planning
Intervention 4: Use land development mechanisms to create urban-level amenities
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder ULB & State Government Implementation agency
Supporting Stakeholder Associations, Institutes, Academia, NGOs Advisory Role
z ULB shall use land development mechanisms listed in the MRTP Act 1966 to provide and develop public amenities like parks and playgrounds,
district cooling infrastructure, community Solar PV, EWS housing, and other infrastructure
62
Intervention 5: Promote urban design and development to encourage wind-induced air flow and address urban heat island effect
at the neighbourhood-scale
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder Architect/ Civil Engineers Push for uptake
Supporting Stakeholder Real Estate Developer Maximise uptake
z Design orientation, shape, size, openings of new buildings and regulate building density and heights based on natural wind flow patterns for
quicker heat removal at the neighbourhood scale, wherever possible
z Adopt nature-based solutions in new developments at the neighbourhood scale including blue spaces such as water bodies along with green
spaces such as tree plantation and vegetation for cooling. Plan for tree plantation and vertical gardens at major roads and junctions.
Intervention 6: Integrated city development planning approach
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder ULB & State Government Implementation agency
Supporting Stakeholder Associations, Institutes, Academia, NGOs Advisory Role
z Integrate climate resilience-based multi-sectoral planning solutions (like Comprehensive Mobility Plan, Environmental Status Report, Climate
Resilient City Action Plan, and Guidelines for Energy Efficient and Climate Responsive Homes in Nagpur, among others) into city development
and master planning process to incorporate necessary strategies and recommendations into the Land-Use Plans
Intervention 7: Promote circularity and reuse in materials and resources
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder Associations, Institutes, Academia, NGOs Promote inter-industry co-operation and resource
sharing arrangements
Supporting Stakeholder Building Material Manufacturers Establish an inter-industry supply chain
z Traders and manufacturers associations to extend their inter-industry co-operation to establish a supply chain for use of various industrial
by-products for building industry
z Incorporating water swapping mechanisms to reuse treated wastewater from households and commercial buildings for industrial uses
Intervention 8: Encourage procurement of building materials from manufacturers that undertake (Life Cycle Analysis) LCA and
publish (Environmental Product Declarations) EPD
Stakeholder Role
Lead Stakeholder Building Material Manufacturers Increase voluntary disclosures
Supporting Stakeholder ULB, Architect/ Civil Engineer, Real Estate Developer Promote procurement from compliant manufacturers
z Building material manufacturers to undertake LCA and provide EPDs for their portfolio of products and publish the results on their website
and/or printed literature
z Project proponents including ULB to provide first preference to manufacturers that undertake LCA and publish EPD for their building material
portfolio
63
9.5.2. Case Studies for Cross-cutting strategies
Box 1: Environmental Product Declarations: Tata Steel
Tata Steel Limited has taken a step towards responsible manufacturing by declaring its first Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) for Steel
Reinforcing bar (Rebar) used in Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) construction.
z EPD is a requirement in the green building projects for scoring the required credit points
z EPD is seen as a verified document in communicating a product’s life cycle environmental impact for disclosure purposes
z The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study carried out for developing the EPD for steel products is done as per ISO 14040 and ISO 14044
standards
Source: TATA Steel, 2022
Box 2: Energy Efficiency Cell, Surat Municipal Corporation
Surat Municipal Corporation has established an institutional unit in the form of an Energy Efficiency Cell which conducts energy audits,
promotes energy conservation and renewable energy projects, and monitors electricity consumption of the city government’s buildings and
facilities.
Functions
z To conduct in-house energy audits for Surat Municipal Corporation’s buildings
z To conduct energy audits for other public and private buildings
z To identify energy conservation projects and their feasibility
z To identify sources for procuring clean power at affordable costs
z Feasibility studies for own power generation from renewable energy sources
z To examine new buildings with connected load of more than 30 kW for integration of energy efficiency measures
Through implementation of various initiatives and the support of the Energy Efficiency Cell, Surat Municipal Corporation is able to meet 34%
of its energy demand through renewable energy sources (as of 2019).
Source: Rajasekar et al., 2021, Surat Municipal Corporation, n.d.
Box 3: Procurement Framework for Public Building Retrofit in Spain
This was the first of 330 public building renovations in Spain that aimed at reducing the
energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The work carried out included the upgrade of the
building envelope, substitution of most of the building services, and the implementation
of a new energy management strategy.
Procurement Framework
The project delivery system included design (considering existing constraints) –
construction (renovation works) – energy management, in which the best value-for-
money tender wins the contract. The consortium combined four partners with high
expertise in renovation works, energy management and energy supply. The project was
awarded to the consortium with the best price and best technical proposal.
Source: United Nations Environment Programme, 2018
64
9.6. Capacity Building and Finance

Interventions in the section aim to bring city administration and external experts together towards generating awareness around ZCBs and
knowledge dissemination of best practices and improve the city’s workforce to implement ZCB strategies. The interventions also aim to financially
enable various stakeholders particularly developers and occupants develop ZCB projects.
Interventions
Intervention 3
Intervention 2
Create a pool of skilled
ULB to work with
Intervention 1 workforce trained in
associations, certifying
Undertake training and Zero Carbon Building
agencies and experts
awareness generation construction and provide
to create a knowledge
campaigns to promote platform for networking
base of low carbon
ZCBs. amongst the relevant
building materials and
stakeholders to further the
technologies.
ZCB efforts.
Intervention 4
Intervention 5 Intervention 6
ULB to explore and
Provide financial Provide dedicated
develop RE financing
incentives and support for financial assistance to
arrangements, models and
Renewable Energy (RE) project proponents, home
mechanisms developed
and Energy Efficiency (EE) buyers and green building
by other ULBs, authorities
for net-zero buildings. material manufacturers.
and private lenders.
Capacity Building Financial
65
9.6.1. Detailed Interventions for Capacity Building and Finance Strategies
Capacity Building
Intervention 1: Undertake training and awareness generation campaigns
z Various government and non-government organizations and institutes shall partner for awareness generation and outreach to the community
and building developers
z Experts, NGOs and technical institutes shall undertake training of building sector practitioners and city officials
z Experts, NGOs and technical institutes shall undertake training of large building managers & owners for ECBC compliance, energy use
reporting, net-zero building technologies & operations during building occupancy
z ULB shall use social media for outreach and knowledge dissemination
Intervention 2: ULB to work with technical associations, certifying agencies and experts to create a knowledge base of low carbon
building materials and technologies
z ULB shall create a database of local, regional, national case studies and best practices on ZCB projects and solutions for dissemination
z ULB shall launch and publicize a digital repository of low carbon materials, their manufacturers, and their suppliers in Nagpur on the ULB
website for easy reference
Intervention 3: Create a pool of skilled workforce trained in Zero Carbon Building construction
z ULB, experts, NGOs and technical institutes shall conduct training courses and skill development on low carbon/alternative construction
techniques, non-RCC construction materials
z ULB shall include and continuously update ZCB strategies and materials in the curriculum for fields like Architecture, Engineering and Planning
z Technical courses such as architecture and civil engineering shall have adequate focus on practical training and hands-on learning for low
carbon materials, techniques and technologies
Finance
Intervention 4: Provide financial incentives and support for Renewable Energy (RE) and Energy Efficiency (EE) for net-zero buildings
z ULB, DISCOM and financial institutions shall provide financial assistance and tax benefits for deployment and use of solar PV
z DISCOM shall facilitate access for households to Central Finance Assistance for the Grid-connected Rooftop Solar Scheme Phase-II
z DISCOM shall explore option wherein it shall pay upfront cost of RE equipment and the consumer shall repay the amount through the
electricity bills (On-Bill Financing)
z Equipment vendors shall explore arrangements for long-term leasing for RE equipment
Intervention 5: Explore RE financing arrangements and mechanisms
z Building owners/developers may incorporate cost sharing clauses in lease/rent agreements to offset their upfront cost for incorporating RE
and EE measures in the building
z ULB to leverage assets and land-pooling mechanisms to finance city and neighbourhood level zero carbon building and renewable energy
infrastructure
z ULB and State Government shall work with banking and financing institutions to formulate green loans and preferential lending
z Building owners and managers can approach and engage ESCOs to support upfront costs and guarantee for pooled large commercial and
residential buildings
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Intervention 6: Provide financial assistance to project proponents, home buyers and green building material manufacturers
z Financial institutions shall provide loans at reduced interest rates to home buyers and self-owned developments for green certified residential
units or their retrofits
z ULB to provide tax incentives, stamp duty rebates for certified green buildings, and projects that are low-carbon/net-zero carbon generators.
z ULB to work with the State Government to provide tax benefits and concessions for certified green product manufacturers and developers of
building projects using such products
z ULB, financial institutes, building industry associations, NGOs and technical institutes to provide technical and financial assistance to small
scale green material manufacturers to have their products green certified
9.6.2. Case Studies for Capacity and Finance
Box 1: Green Building Incentives
National and various State and Local Governments provide non-built-up area based financial incentives to promote green building certification.
Some of these are:
Rajasthan
z MSME sector Enterprises can get a subsidy in the form of reimbursement of 50% of amount paid to the suppliers for process or technology
adopted to obtain green rating under Indian Green Building Council
Punjab
z Apart from FAR incentives, Department of Housing and Urban Development, Government of Punjab offers 100% exemption on building
scrutiny fee for green certified buildings
Gujarat
z Gujarat Tourism Policy 2021-25 offers reimbursement of 50% of Certification fee, with a maximum limit of INR 10.0 lakh, to hotel /
wellness resorts obtaining green rating
z Industries Commissionerate, Industries and Mines Department provides incentive up to 50% of consulting charges, with a maximum limit
of INR 2.50 lakh, for Industrial Buildings with green rating
Source: Indian Green Building Council, n.d.
Box 2: Green Building Incentives
Tamil Nadu
z TN Industrial Policy 2021, offers a 25% subsidy on the cost of setting up environmental protection infrastructure, subject to a limit of Rs.
1 cr., for industrial projects that obtain green certification.
z TN Data Centre Policy 2021, offers Data Centre Units undertaking green and sustainable initiatives as per IGBC rating shall be eligible for
a 25% subsidy on cost of undertaking such initiatives, subject to an upper limit of Rs. 5 Crore
Kerela
z Local Self Government Department has approved up to 50% reduction in One time building tax, up to 1% reduction in Stamp duty and up
to 20% reduction in Property tax for projects obtaining green building certification
Andhra Pradesh
z The Industries & Commerce Department offers 25% subsidy on total fixed capital investment of the project (excluding cost of land, land
development, preliminary and preoperative expenses and consultancy fees) for green certified buildings
z Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department offers 20% Reduction on Permit Fees and one-time reduction of 20% on
Duty on Transfer of Property (Surcharge on Stamp Duty) on the submission of Occupancy Certificate issued by the Local Authority, if the
property is sold within three years.
Source: Indian Green Building Council, n.d.
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Box 3: SUNREF Affordable Green Housing India
Agence Française de Développement (AFD) launched the SUNREF Affordable Green Housing India programme in partnership with the National
Housing Bank (NHB), with support from the European Union (EU) in 2017, with a goal to finance green and affordable housing projects through
banks and financing institutions.
Housing projects for EWS, LIG and MIG groups and certified/pre-certified as gold/platinum or 4/5 star under are eligible under IGBC or GRIHA
rating system, respectively are eligible for the benefits under the programme.
As of 15th September 2021, NHB has disbursed 501 Cr under the SUNREF Programme of which 53% of the amount has been provided for EWS
and LIG units.
By 2025, more than 4000 households are estimated to benefit from the SUNREF Housing Programme in terms of improved housing conditions,
through the construction of an estimated 329,000 square meters of new habitable floor
Source: National Housing Bank, n.d.
Box 4: Awareness Dashboard Uttar Pradesh SDA
The project for energy saving was conceived and launched in December 2015 by UPNEDA, An Organization designated by the Govt. of Uttar
Pradesh for promoting energy conservation and energy efficiency
The website www.upsavesenergy.com focuses on educating masses and inculcating behavioral changes in them, to have a long-term impact
on sustainable energy conservation and reduced energy consumption through various activities, equipment, practices and motivate them
through certificate. The dashboard also includes an energy calculator for direct assessment of energy consumption.
Source: SAATHEE, 2019
Box 5: Karmika School of Construction Workers
The Karmika School of Construction Workers in Ahmedabad, established by Mahila Housing

Trust (MHT) provides training in the following trades: masonry, painting, plastering,
tiling plumbing, electrical wiring, carpentry, welding, roller operation, excavation,
rubble masonry, bar bending, and training for lab technicians. It has also started to offer
specialized courses in toilet construction, disaster resistant houses, climate-adaptive
housing. Initiated following a training program to train men and women in masonry
after the Bhuj earthquake in 2002, the school has now expanded and tied up with private
and certification agencies and has provided training to over 22,045 women construction
workers from Gujarat, Delhi, Rajasthan, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh. https://www.mahilahousingtrust.org/
Source: Shah et al., 2022
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10. Priority Interventions
The transformative interventions encompassing various building stages have been envisioned keeping in mind a long-term goal to decarbonize
the building sector by 2050. While it is understood that implementation and city-wide adoption of interventions would depend on diverse factors,
especially for different economic strata and across building typologies, scaling up actions and achieving long term benefits would take time. It is
imperative for the city and the building industry stakeholders to take up certain interventions that can have immediate benefits in the short-term
to kick start the decarbonization process.
To identify such crucial interventions, a prioritization matrix has been prepared based on the benefits offered by interventions. Factors such as
political willingness, economic feasibility, ease of implementation, speed of results, scale of impact, and the mandatory or voluntary nature of the
interventions have been considered for prioritizing the interventions.
The results of the prioritization are reflected in this section below, with high priority interventions denoted in green colour. Annexure 2 provides
more details on the prioritization matrix and method adopted. Figure 15 represents how each intervention for the four building stages fares on
their anticipated benefits vs. the ease of implementing these interventions. The factors that determined the benefits and ease of implementation
are:
Bene fits:
z Climate Resilience
z Energy Savings
z Emissions Reduction
z Resource Efficiency
z Health and Well Being
z UHIE Reduction
Implementation factors:
z Mandatory and Voluntary nature of interventions
z Administrative and Political Willingness
z Economic Feasibility
z Ease of Implementation
z Speed of Results
z Scale of Impact
The size of the bubble is the cost component of the intervention that will be borne by the primary implementing person(s) or entity. The larger
the bubble the more is the estimated cost for implementing the intervention. Certain high ranking interventions that are both easy to implement
and have high benefits have significant cost component associated with them. However, implementing them can significantly benefit the city in
achieving its building sector decarbonization goal.
69
2
Easy to Implement
8
2
2
11 4 7
5 7
1
5 10 2
1 1
2 6
5 9 6
3 3
7 9
3
8
5 3
8
6
4 4 3
6
4
Difficult to Implement
Low Benefits High Benefits
Pre-construction During Construction Occupancy End of Life Cross Cutting
Figure 15: Graph for interventions depicting their Benefits vs Ease of Implementation
1 Pre-Construction
z Intervention 1: Include relevant guidelines, codes and regulations on efficient and low emission buildings into the Development Regulations at local level
z Intervention 8: Establish mandates & design buildings to help tap into rooftop solar PV potential
z Intervention 2: Adopt climate responsive building envelope design with building typology-wise minimum criteria for building energy performance
z Intervention 10: Plan building project sites to maximise and conserve permeable surfaces and green cover
z Intervention 6: Incorporate passive & energy efficient cooling solutions & strategies into the building & microclimate design
z Intervention 7: ULB to include requirements in building approval to use high energy-efficiency utility & indoor appliances
z Intervention 3: Provide building approval related and financial benefits for green building pre-certification
z Intervention 9: Promote open access facility for renewable energy purchase to support net-zero buildings
z Intervention 5: Adopt certified low-carbon materials, technologies & techniques in the construction of new buildings
z Intervention 4: Include consideration of lifecycle impact of buildings & requirements for the same in building approval
Low Priority Medium Priority High Priority Highest Priority
2 During Construction
z Intervention 5: Use of renewable energy & energy efficient (EE) equipment for building construction sites
z Intervention 3: Create an ecosystem promoting the reuse of industrial & agricultural by-products
z Intervention 1: ULB to enforce the implementation of dust mitigation measures at construction sites as per CPCB guidelines
z Intervention 2: Promote construction workers' well-being & inclusion
z Intervention 4: Encourage local procurement & manufacturing of construction materials
z Intervention 6: Use electric vehicles for transportation of construction materials & personnel
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3 Occupancy Stage
z Intervention 2: Promote green-rating & performance certification/ labelling of existing buildings
z Intervention 1: ULB to enact energy performance standards for existing buildings
z Intervention 7: Promote use of cool and reflective surfaces at building roofs, walls, and pavements to reduce urban heat
z Intervention 3: ULB to issue guidelines for retrofitting measures to improve building energy performance
z Intervention 4: Promote highly energy efficient common utilities by establishing energy performance requirements & conditions to obtain building permissions
z Intervention 5: Expand energy benchmarking program to promote reporting of energy use & performance in buildings
z Intervention 9: Scale up uptake of rooftop solar PV – potential study for existing rooftops & to enable large-scale adoption
z Intervention 6: Establish a building renovation/retrofit program to conduct energy audits & implement deep retrofit measures for energy performance
improvement & decarbonization
z Intervention 8: Adopt Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) in large public & private buildings
4 End of Life
z Intervention 2: Mandate appropriate C&D waste management & encourage its reuse in building construction
z Intervention 1: Promote deconstruction of old buildings instead of demolition.
Mandate adoption of deconstruction strategies to obtain approvals for new buildings & redevelopments.
z Intervention 3: Procurement & use of recycled C&D waste
5 Cross Cutting
z Intervention 2: Constituting a Working Group/Committee for Zero Carbon Buildings
z Intervention 6: Integrated city development planning approach
z Intervention 1: Incorporate Green Public Procurement Policy (GPP) and SOPs
z Intervention 3: Disincentivizing non-compliance with net-zero norms
z Intervention 5: Promote urban design and development to promote wind-induced air flow and address urban heat island effect at the neighbourhood-scale
z Intervention 8: Encourage procurement of building materials from manufacturers that undertake (Life Cycle Analysis) LCA and publish (Environmental Product
Declarations) EPD
z Intervention 7: Promote circularity and reuse in materials and resources
z Intervention 4: Use land development mechanisms to create urban-level amenities
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11. Monitoring and Evaluation Process
To successfully implement the recommended strategies, and to ensure their sustenance and adequate outcomes, it would be important to monitor
their implementation, identify opportunities to improve the strategies, align them with updated national and sub-national goals, and to ensure
that there are measurable impacts in reducing GHG emissions of Nagpur’s construction industry.
To support and monitor implementation of the Climate Resilient City Action Plan for Nagpur and climate actions therein, institutional structures
have been established locally in the form of Climate Core Team and Stakeholder Committee. It is recommended that a Sub-committee or Working
Group for Zero Carbon Buildings be formed under the existing Climate Core Team to steer, monitor and evaluate the progress of the Zero Carbon
Buildings Action Plan for Nagpur.
NMC and its departments, NSSCDCL, and various nodal agencies such as MahaDISCOM, MEDA and MPCB can be included as the decision-making
wing of such a Sub-committee/Working Group. In addition, the Sub-committee can also comprise of various building industry representatives
such as builders, architects, civil engineers, vendors, manufacturers, academicians, researchers, builders, manufacturers associations and relevant
technical institutes, that would form part of the advisory wing.
Environment Ministry, Government of Maharashtra
Nagpur Municipal Corporation
Climate Core Team
Sub-Committee/Working Group for Zero Carbon Buildings
Municipal Commissioner Mayor

Deliberation and Implementation Wing
Town Planning Public Works Environment

Electrical Department Finance Department
Department Department Department
NSSCDCL MahaDISCOM MEDA MPCB
Hon. CEO
Chief Engineer
(Nagpur Zone)
Environment Division Mobility Division Director (Nagpur Sub Regional Officer
Region) Nagpur - I
Superintending
Infrastructure Division Planning Division Engineer (NUC)
Architects & Civil Service & Utility Material Vendors &

Real Estate Developers
Engineers Providers / Installers Manufacturers
Advisory Wing
Academicians &
Associations Technical Institutes NGOs
Researchers
Figure 16: Sub-Committee/Working Group for Steering and Monitoring ZCB Action Plan
72
Implementation of ZCB
Action Plan
Deliberation on
Policy Changes,
Policy changes
Clarifications and
Accepted Policy
phase
Opportunities
Changes
Short Term
Continuous Capacity Building, Awareness Generation and Knowledge Dissemination

Opportunities, modifications and amendments, new strategies, clarifications
Impact Monitoring and measurement, National and Sub-National Policy Changes

Accepted Policy
Changes
Initial uptake in
public buildings and
affordable housing
Mid Term
Accepted Policy
Increased uptake
Changes
in resource
intensive buildings
Long Term
City-wide
uptake
Typical Flow
Optional/ As Needed Flow
Figure 17: Implementation Plan for the ZCB Action Plan
The responsibilities of the ZCB Sub-committee would include:

z Implement the ZCB Action Plan efficiently at the city-scale
z Ensure inter-departmental and inter-governmental co-operation for implementation of recommended interventions
z Take stock of national and sub-national goals, policies and targets pertaining to decarbonizing the building sector, and updating the ZCB
Action Plan accordingly
z Staying apprised of the latest net-zero, climate resilient development trends, nationally and sub-nationally.
z Identify and partner with relevant internal and external experts and organizations to periodically undertake capacity building and knowledge
dissemination activities
z Identify upcoming and existing public and private sector projects to implement ZCB initiatives and pilot projects
z Identify building sector decarbonization actions not included in the ZCB Action Plan that are relevant for Nagpur and strategize their
implementation over time
z Issuing clarifications, explanations and fast grievance redressal for any actions and policies
z Meet periodically (at least biannually) to discuss the progress of the ZCB actions in the city, deliberate on the next steps, incorporate changes
or modifications to the Action Plan, and maintain official minutes of the meeting.
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12. Monitoring and Tracking Progress
The successful implementation of the ZCB Action Plan would entail monitoring and tracking progress through relevant indicators. To help
understand the progress of the city towards net-zero carbon building goals and targets and to identify areas which need additional interventions
and strategies as well as policy updates, key indicators have been outlined in the following Table.
Action Area Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) Monitoring and Evaluating Agency
Preconstruction / Design Stage

Include relevant guidelines, codes, and z Progressively updating guidelines, codes and Town Planning Department, state urban
regulations on efficient and low emission regulations on efficient and low emission development department, MahaDISCOM,
buildings into the Development Regulations at buildings aligned with national & state MEDA.
local level policies and goals.
Adopt climate responsive building envelope z Number of upcoming public and private Town Planning Department, PWD,
design with building typology-wise minimum buildings implementing ZCB notifications MahaDISCOM, MEDA, BEE
criteria for building energy performance z Verification of level of compliance, including
the criteria in the existing building approval
process
Provide building approval related and financial z Number of buildings opting for green Town Planning Department, accounts
benefits for green building pre-certification building precertification and plan for revising department, PWD, MahaDISCOM, MEDA,
the benefits as per the response BEE
Include consideration of lifecycle impact of z Supply of building low carbon materials and Town Planning Department, PWD,
buildings and requirements for the same in skilled workforce Material Certifying Agencies
building approval
Adopt certified low-carbon materials, z Availability of building low carbon materials Town Planning Department, PWD,
technologies and techniques in the construction and skilled workforce Material Certifying Agencies, industrial
of new buildings associations as technical supporting group
Incorporate passive and energy efficient cooling z Number of upcoming buildings implementing Town Planning Department, PWD, Green
solutions and strategies into the building and passive and energy efficient cooling strategies Rating Agencies
microclimate design z Verification of level of compliance during
building scrutiny
ULB to include requirements in building z Availability of energy efficient equipment Town Planning Department, PWD,
approval to use high energy-efficiency utility z Availability of energy efficient products Electrical Department Green Rating
and indoor appliances directory for awareness Agencies
z Verification of level of compliance during
building scrutiny
Establish mandates and design buildings to z Number of permissions and approvals for Town Planning Department, PWD,
help tap into rooftop solar PV potential incorporating rooftop solar PV Electrical Department, MahaDISCOM,
z Verification of level of compliance during MEDA, BEE
building scrutiny
74
Promote open access facility for renewable z Increase in the number of consumers opting Town Planning Department, PWD,
energy purchase to support net-zero buildings for RE open access Electrical Department, MahaDISCOM,
z Tracking intra and interstate RE consumption MEDA,
Plan building project sites to maximise and z Verification of level of compliance during Town Planning Department, PWD
conserve permeable surfaces and green cover building scrutiny
During Construction
ULB to enforce the implementation of dust z Dust mitigation monitoring during various Town Planning Department, PWD, MPCB,
mitigation measures at construction sites as stages of building construction Environment Department
per CPCB guidelines
Promote construction workers' well-being and z Number and assessments standards of site Town Planning Department, PWD
inclusion visits to check compliance
Create an ecosystem promoting the reuse of z Voluntary reporting of industrial and Town Planning Department, PWD
industrial and agricultural by-products agricultural by-products usage by type,
quantity and location in the building
Encourage local procurement and z Increase in the number of registered Town Planning Department, PWD,
manufacturing of construction materials manufacturing units within the city Builders, Manufacturers, Vendors, Traders
z Voluntary reporting on the supply and use of Associations
locally manufactured building materials
Use of renewable energy and energy efficient z Number of permissions and approvals for Town Planning Department, PWD,
equipment for building construction sites using RE systems during construction Electrical Department, MahaDISCOM,
z Regularity of site visits to check compliance MEDA, BEE
z Resolution of bottlenecks for uptake of RE
systems at sites
Use electric vehicles for transportation of z Number of registered medium and heavy Nagpur RTO, Town Planning department
building construction materials and personnel goods transportation EVs as an indicator
z Successful pilot uptakes at public building
projects
Occupancy Stage
ULB to enact energy performance standards for z Verification of compliance through central Electrical Department, MahaDISCOM,
existing buildings monitoring and smart metering MEDA, BEE
Promote green-rating and performance z Number of buildings opting for green Town Planning Department, PWD, Green
certification/labelling of existing buildings building certification Rating Agencies
z Progressively updating green building
certification requirement and compliance
criteria
ULB to issue guidelines for retrofitting measures z Verification of compliance through central Town Planning Department, PWD,
to improve building energy performance monitoring and smart metering Electrical Department, MahaDISCOM,
z Reframing the guidelines as per the response MEDA, BEE
for faster uptake
Promote adoption of highly energy efficient z Verification of compliance during building Town Planning Department, PWD,
common utilities by establishing energy occupancy/ part occupancy permission Electrical and E-governance department
performance requirements and conditions to z Verification of compliance through central
obtain building and occupancy permissions monitoring and smart metering
75

Expand energy benchmarking program z Verification of compliance through central Town Planning Department, PWD,
to promote reporting of energy use and monitoring and smart metering Electrical Department, MahaDISCOM,
performance in buildings MEDA, BEE
Establish a building renovation/retrofit program z Verification of compliance through central Electrical Department, MahaDISCOM,
to conduct energy audits and implement monitoring and smart metering MEDA, BEE
deep measures for energy performance
improvement and decarbonization
Promote use of cool and reflective surfaces at z Tracking voluntary uptake Town Planning Department, PWD
building roofs, walls, and pavements to reduce z Assessing the performance through external
urban heat experts and expanding program for city wide
uptake
Adopt Building Energy Management Systems z Verification of compliance through central Electrical Department, MahaDISCOM,
(BEMS) in large public and private buildings monitoring and smart metering MEDA, BEE
Scale up uptake of rooftop solar PV – potential z Number of permissions and approvals for Electrical Department, MahaDISCOM,
study for existing rooftops and to enable large- incorporating rooftop solar PV MEDA
scale adoption z Ensure scientific mapping of solar rooftop
potential considering factors that reduce/
increase the system yield
End of Life
Promote deconstruction of old buildings z Number of applications for building Town Planning Department, PWD
instead of demolition. Mandate adoption of deconstruction based on structural audits Environment Department
deconstruction strategies to obtain approvals/
permits for new buildings and redevelopment
projects.
Mandate appropriate C&D waste management z Increase in the quantity of C&D waste at Town Planning Department, PWD,
and encourage its reuse in building construction designated areas Environment Department
z Increase demand for recycled C&D waste
building materials
Procurement and use of recycled C&D waste z Increased demand for recycled C&D waste Town Planning Department, PWD,
building materials Environment Department
Cross-Cutting Strategies
Policy and Institutional
Incorporate Green Public Procurement Policy z Continuously updating SOPs as per low Town Planning Department, PWD,
(GPP) and SOPs carbon development trends and aligning Electrical Department
with national and sub-national goals
Constituting a Working Group/Committee for z City performance based on Action Plan and Sub-Committee headed by NMC
Zero Carbon Buildings national and sub-national goals, and make
necessary modifications
z Ensuring multidisciplinary and gender equal
composition of the committee
76
Urban Planning
Use land development mechanisms to create z Tracking city’s blue and green cover Town Planning Department, PWD,
urban-level amenities z Tracking implementation and performance Electrical Department, MahaDISCOM
of city and neighbourhood level RE
infrastructure
Integrated city development planning z Tracking multi-sectoral planning solutions Town Planning Department, PWD,
approach and policies w.r.t Action Plan goals Environment Department
Materials
Promote circularity and reuse in materials and z Increased reporting of supply and reuse Manufacturers, Associations
resources of resources and industrial by-products by
various industries to NMC
Encourage procurement of building materials z Identify and promote the number of Environment Department
from manufacturers that undertake (Life Cycle material manufacturers identified that are
Analysis) LCA and publish (Environmental undertaking LCA and providing EPDs
Product Declarations) EPD z Verification of LCA reports and EPDs
Capacity Building
Undertake training and awareness generation z Number of workshops/ training sessions Associations, Academicians, Institutions,
campaigns conducted annually. NGOs
z Number of attendees and their diversity
z Assessing readiness of stakeholders,
especially real estate developers through
focussed group discussions for undertaking
LCA approach
ULB to work with technical associations, z Robustness of database website, including ULB E-Governance Department
certifying agencies and experts to create engagement analytics such as number of
a knowledge base of low carbon building visitors, time spent, data searched, among
materials and technologies others
z Online surveys and polls to gather local
insights and practices
Create a pool of skilled workforce trained in z Number of persons enrolled and completing Associations, Academicians, Institutions,
Zero Carbon Building construction opted courses NGOs
z Direct engagement/ recruitment of trained
workforce
z Assessment of readiness and capacity
for building deconstruction amongst
stakeholders
77
13. Risk Mitigation
The proposed interventions could face challenges and risks that hinder their implementation. The possible roadblocks could be a combination of
financial feasibility, public acceptability and social barriers, administrative provisions, among others. It is therefore necessary to understand these
risks and identify suitable mitigating solutions. The possibility of encountering the identified roadblocks in relation to the proposed interventions
has been qualitatively assessed and ranked as low, moderate, and high.
Table 2: Identified risks and recommended solutions
Sl. No. Risk Identified Probability Potential Solution

1 Mandating green rating systems and High Proposed interventions on financial incentives and benefits
compliances would be financially unviable for would help reduce the cost component for meeting compliances/
certain project proponents, especially those requirements. ULB may consider providing more benefits to low
belonging to lower income groups income groups.
2 Issuance of financial incentives may affect High Financial incentives/benefits could be issued one time to
the resource allocation and revenues of the promote adoption and not necessarily be recurrent. Benefits
concerned departments such as property tax incentives could be for a limited duration
and for targeted groups
3 Incorporating amendments in policy or making Moderate Institutional structures such as the Sub-Committee for ZCB
guidelines statutory/mandatory will be time can review the proposed policy and regulatory changes/
consuming. interventions and fast-track their implementation.
Consultations with other cities and state governments that have
already incorporated such policy amendments.
4 Adoption of low-cost alternative construction Low Design, feasibility, and applicability decisions should be taken
techniques may have negative implications on in consultation with appropriate experts including structural
structural integrity and building lifespans engineers, technology experts, architects, among others.
Regional/local experiences and suitable best practices should
be considered to streamline the effort.
5 Unavailability of local skilled workforce to Moderate Proposed intervention for rolling out vocational courses for
incorporate low carbon construction techniques low carbon construction would help bridge the gap for skilled
workforce demand.
6 Required low carbon/alternate building High Materials unavailable locally may be substituted with green
materials may not be available locally certified materials. Policy decisions at the regional/state-level
are oriented to promote establishment of such industries locally.
7 Safety and performance of materials Moderate Promote certification of green building materials through
manufactured using natural substitutes and nationally accredited labs as per BIS standards. ULB to
C&D waste and uncertified green materials implement pilot projects using such products. Such substitutes
to be used in conformity with relevant IS Codes
8 Viability for manufacturers to undertake LCA Low MSME and green manufacturing linked incentives can be
and provide EPD for their products used to offset the cost of such compliances. NGOs, technical
institutes, building industry associations and banking/financing
institutions can lend support to small manufacturers to ensure
compliance.
9 It may not be possible for building developers Low ULB along with technical institutes, ISO certified experts, and
to undertake LCA exercises at the design stage green building professionals shall provide support to developers
to undertake necessary LCA exercises at the design stage.
78
Sl. No. Risk Identified Probability Potential Solution

10 ULB may need additional funds to implement Moderate ULB may implement pilot interventions in convergence with
pilot interventions and skill development ongoing Central and State Government programs and schemes.
initiatives Funds can be tapped from municipal budget, MP/MLA funds,
CSR. Alternatively, the ULB may explore PPP models like DBOO
and DBOOT.
11 Present EV infrastructure is under-developed Moderate The ULB is expected to focus on improving EV infrastructure and
and expensive to sustain commercial operations leveraging policy and financial incentives to meet E-mobility
for supporting E-mobility for construction targets. DISCOM may initially deploy EV charging stations at
sector strategic locations, including at its own facilities, to reduce
infrastructure costs.
12 Disincentivizing non-compliance with net High ULB can undertake awareness and sensitization programs on
zero building norms/conditions would attract the need to adopt net-zero buildings and continuously promote
resistance from building occupants and and support on the same. Compliance may be targeted in
developers priority building types to begin with, starting with high income
commercial/residential buildings, and gradually expanded.
Timelines/deadline for compliance can be set with sufficient
time to build readiness.
Charges/penalties can be determined based on the level of non-

compliance through stakeholder engagement.
13 Developers are not always able to fully utilize Low ULB to update the current FSI/TDR policy and identify the right
and monetize the additional floorspace offered type of fiscal/monetary benefits that sufficiently incentivize
through Green Building based FSI incentives, developers and adequately reflect additional costs incurred at
due to relatively low market demand for real market rates.
estate in the city.
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14. Way Forward
Nagpur has shown its commitment towards climate resilience and sustainable development through various projects implemented in the city
earlier. With the announcement of India’s Net Zero Targets, this is the right time to deep dive into the construction sector to make it net-zero. The
Zero Carbon Buildings Action Plan is first of its kind roadmap prepared for an Indian city taking the whole building lifecycle into the consideration,
with the aim of reducing embodied and operations emissions produced in different building phases. The strategies developed for this action plan
are a result of elaborate stakeholder consultations backed by secondary research which includes recommendations on building phases, from
designing to end of life, covering both policy and technology aspects with indicative short, medium and long-term targets that are aligned with
national emissions reduction targets.
To increase the uptake of zero carbon building strategies, there is a need of continuous dialogue between the building sector stakeholders and
authorities, to develop the technical capacity and appropriate tools, mechanisms and business models including suitable financial incentives
thereby bringing systemic change that can drive Nagpur’s building sector decarbonization. Case studies along with enabling policies have been
linked to the action plan to showcase their effectiveness and impact and for implementing these ambitious yet attainable strategies. This action
plan has the potential to provide the necessary push for a bottom-up approach to reduce the sector’s environmental impact in the long term.
Initial ZCB uptake by ULB in public

buildings and affordable housing
Short Term
Issue of guidelines and norms for
further uptake
ZCB uptake in large commercial

Scale of impact
Mid Term private buildings and residences on

voluntary or mandatory basis
City-wide uptake of ZCB initiatives

Long Term
on voluntary or mandatory basis
The action plan’s success requires collaborative approach amongst authorities, builders, academia, NGOs, CSOs as well as the citizens of Nagpur,
as this systemic change is required at all levels from making raw material procurement sustainable to making behavioural changes for negating
operational energy emissions to zero, and ensuring the health and well-being of construction workforce and finally to optimize the use of resources
in building’s operational and end of life phase. To initiate the process for Nagpur’s building sector decarbonization, the ULB shall be the flagbearer of
change, initiating various interventions as pilots and proof of concept to demonstrate their effectiveness along with undertaking IEC and awareness
generation activities. The priority actions identified in the earlier chapter will be important for the short term as these are high impact-easy to
implement interventions. As the benefits of these interventions comes forth and due to parallel capacity building and ZCB awareness campaigns,
private stakeholders will have to take up these interventions incrementally to have a city-wide impact in the long term for Nagpur to achieve the
status of all buildings to become net-zero by 2050.
80
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83
Annexure 1
Sl. Name Organization/Department/Office

Type
No.
1 ULB- Town Planning Department Mr. Pramod Gawande Nagpur Municipal Corporation
2 Mr. Mahesh Dande JD Buildcon
3 Mr. Raunak Diote Rachna Constructions
4 Mr. Shriniwas Warnekar Integrity Constructions Pvt. Ltd.
5 Mahindra Bloomdale
6 Builders & Developers Building Manager TATA Capitol Heights
7 Mr. Patankar Ensara Metropark
8 Mr. Mahesh Sadhwani Nanik Group
9 Mr. Sunil Duddalwar Himalaya Infra/IGBC Co-Chair
10 Mr. Dilip Bharade Raghukul Developers
11 Mr. Bindesh Paul Paul Bricks
12 Building Material Manufacturers Mr. Nitin Sudame Spacewood Furnitures
13 Mr. Prakash Jaiswal Apna Ghar Pvt. Ltd
14 Ar. Habeeb Khan Smita and Habeeb Khan Architects
15 Ar. Rajendra Dongre AB Dongre and Associates
16 Architect Ar. Sneha Mokha Ashok Mokha Architects
17 Ar. Pratham Pincha CRIUPA, Nagpur
18 Ar. Parikshit Mudholkar and Ar. Sameer Kachore Bold Design Studio
19 Er. Satish Raipure Satish Raipure and Associates
Structural Engineer
20 Er. Dilip Mase P.T. Mase and Associates
21 Dr. Rahul V Ralegaonkar Dept. of Civil Engineering, VNIT Nagpur
22 Academician/Researcher Dr. Sameer Deshkar Dept. of Architecture and Planning, VNIT Nagpur
23 Mr. Amol Shingarey Geotech Services Pvt. Ltd.
24 CREDAI Mr. Sandeep Agarwal Sandeep Dwellers
25 Dr. Rajesh Biniwale NEERI, Nagpur
26 Mr. Shivkumar Rao Vidarbha Economic Development (VED)
Research Organization/NGO
27 Ar. Nitin Kurvey Indian Institute of Architects
28 Mrs. Anusaya Kale Swachh Association
29 Mr. Hitesh Harkare Technodeal Enpower
Technology/Service Providers
30 Mr. Naik Apple Chemie
31 Banking Institutions Mr. Prakash Kajrekar State Bank of India
84
Annexure 2
The tables below provide the total scoring based on which interventions have been prioritized. Scoring for each intervention has been given
considering several benefits and implementation factors listed below.
Benefits:
z Climate Resilience
z Energy Savings
z Emissions Reduction
z Resource Efficiency
z Health and Well Being
z UHIE Reduction
Implementation factors:
z Mandatory and Voluntary nature of interventions
z Administrative and Political Willingness
z Economic Feasibility
z Ease of Implementation
z Speed of Results
z Scale of Impact
1 Pre-construction Phase
Intervention 1: Include relevant guidelines, codes and regulations on efficient and low emission buildings into the Development Regulations at local
145
level
Intervention 2: Adopt climate responsive building envelope design with building typology-wise minimum criteria for building energy
135
performance
Intervention 3: Provide building approval related and financial benefits for green building pre-certification 126
Intervention 4: Include consideration of lifecycle impact of buildings & requirements for the same in building approval 96
Intervention 5: Adopt certified low-carbon materials, technologies & techniques in the construction of new buildings 109
Intervention 6: Incorporate passive & energy efficient cooling solutions & strategies into the building & microclimate design 127
Intervention 7: ULB to include requirements in building approval to use high energy-efficiency utility & indoor appliances 126
Intervention 8: Establish mandates & design buildings to help tap into rooftop solar PV potential 139
Intervention 9: Promote open access facility for renewable energy purchase to support net-zero buildings 113
Intervention 10: Plan building project sites to maximise and conserve permeable surfaces and green cover 129
<100 = Low Priority 100-115 = Medium Priority 115-130 = High Priority >130 Highest Priority
85
2 During Construction Phase

Intervention 1: ULB to enforce the implementation of dust mitigation measures at construction sites as per CPCB guidelines 111
Intervention 2: Promote construction workers’ well-being & inclusion 103
Intervention 3: Create an ecosystem promoting the reuse of industrial & agricultural by-products 121
Intervention 4: Encourage local procurement & manufacturing of construction materials 93
Intervention 5: Use of renewable energy & energy efficient (EE) equipment for building construction sites 124
Intervention 6: Use electric vehicles for transportation of construction materials & personnel 80
3 Occupancy Phase
Intervention 1: ULB to enact energy performance standards for existing buildings 140
Intervention 2: Promote green rating & performance certification/ labelling of existing buildings 145
Intervention 3: ULB to issue guidelines for retrofitting measures to improve building energy performance 129
Intervention 4: Promote highly energy efficient common utilities by establishing energy performance requirements & conditions to
125
obtain building permissions
Intervention 5: Expand energy benchmarking program to promote reporting of energy use & performance in buildings 123
Intervention 6: Establish a building renovation/retrofit program to conduct energy audits & implement deep retrofit measures for
107
energy performance improvement & decarbonization
Intervention 7: Promote use of cool and reflective surfaces at building roofs, walls, and pavements to reduce urban heat 140
Intervention 8: Adopt Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) in large public & private buildings 94
Intervention 9: Scale up uptake of rooftop solar PV – potential study for existing rooftops & to enable large-scale adoption 117
4 End of Life Phase

Intervention 1: Promote deconstruction of old buildings instead of demolition.
113
Mandate adoption of deconstruction strategies to obtain approvals for new buildings & redevelopments.
Intervention 2: Mandate appropriate C&D waste management & encourage its reuse in building construction 129
Intervention 3: Procurement & use of recycled C&D waste 102
5 Cross Cutting Interventions Across Building Phases

Intervention 1: Incorporate Green Public Procurement Policy (GPP) and SOPs 146
Intervention 2: Constituting a Working Group/Committee for Zero Carbon Buildings 200
Intervention 3: Disincentivizing non-compliance with net-zero norms 111
Intervention 4: Use land development mechanisms to create urban-level amenities 86
Intervention 5: Promote urban design and development to promote wind-induced air flow and address urban heat island effect at the
101
neighbourhood-scale
Intervention 6: Integrated city development planning approach 168
Intervention 7: Promote circularity and reuse in materials and resources 90
Intervention 8: Encourage procurement of building materials from manufacturers that undertake (Life Cycle Analysis) LCA and publish (Environmental
94
Product Declarations) EPD
86
87
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ZERO CARBON

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1. Background and Context--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

7. Vision Statement for Nagpur’s Zero Carbon Buildings------------------------------------------------ 26

10. Priority Interventions---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 69

Figure 1: Nagpur city profile---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7

1. Background and Context

India’s Building Sector Energy and Emissions Trends

Advancing from Energy Efficient Buildings to Zero Carbon Buildings in Nagpur

2. About Nagpur City

Population Location Area

Climate Raifall Municipal Budget

Figure 1: Nagpur city profile

3. Defining Zero Carbon Buildings for Nagpur

3.1. Understanding Building Lifecycle Emissions

Embodied Emissions Operational Emissions End-of-Life Emissions

Source: Adapted from World

Green Building Council (2019)

Circular Economy Strategies

Process materials to obtain the same

Figure 3: Circularity strategies within the production chain

Other Residential (direct)

Figure 4: GHG Emissions from Building and Construction sector in 2021

3.2. Understanding Net-Zero Carbon Buildings

Transition of buildings from energy efficient to Zero Carbon Buildings

Green materials Net Zero-carbon

Source: UNEP (2022)

Figure 5: Illustration of defining Net Zero and Zero Carbon Buildings

3.3. Defining Zero Carbon Buildings for Nagpur

Industry Zero Carbon Capacity

Figure 6: Approach to Nagpur’s Zero Carbon Buildings Definition

Definition of Zero Carbon Buildings for Nagpur

4. Enabling National and Sub-national Policies and

Table 1: Policy Frameworks and Initiatives supporting Building Decarbonization

Enabling Framework Key goals and elements

1. LIFE - Lifestyle for Environment

Enabling Framework Key goals and elements

Enabling Framework Key goals and elements

5. Approach for Action Plan Development

The key steps undertaken to develop this Action Plan include:

6. Baseline Assessment and Gap Analysis

Stakeholder mapped and consulted

Builders and real Researchers, academicians

Architects and Service providers and

6.1. Climate Characteristics Relevant to Built-Environment

6.2. Land Use

Buildings (Commercial and Industrial

6% Source: CDP Nagpur, 2015

Figure 7: Existing land use breakup of Nagpur - 2011

Figure 8: Proposed Landuse for Nagpur City - 2031

6.3. Building Sector Profile

6.4. Building Stock Assessment

700000 Residential Non-Residential

Figure 9: Nagpur Building Stock 2012-2018

Key Observations and inferences Purely Purely non Mixed

6.5. Energy Consumption Assessment

Source: Climate Resilient City Action Plan Nagpur, 2021

Residential Commercial Industrial