5 q4 Science
5 q4 Science
5 q4 Science
5 Q4 Science
10
Science
Quarter 4 - Module 5
Chemical Reactions
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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cebu City Schools Division
Superintendent: Rhea Mar A. Angtud, EdD
Content Editors:
Dr. Deogenes R. Adoptante, Principal I, Mambaling National HS
Mrs. Arnolfa A. Demellites, Principal I, Guba National HS
Language Editor:
Mrs. Wilma Y. Villaflor, Principal III , Don Vicente Rama Mem. ES
Management Team:
Dr. Rhea Mar A. Angtud, Schools Division Superintendent
Dr. Bernadette A. Susvilla, Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Mrs. Grecia F. Bataluna, CID Chief
Dr. Raylene S. Manawatao, EPS – Science
Mrs. Vanessa L. Harayo, EPS – LRMDS
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INTRODUCTION:
Hi there!
Congratulations for reaching module 5 of quarter 4!
This module is all about chemical reactions. We will
study how to know when a chemical change/reaction
has occurred, what the types of chemical reactions
are and how chemical equations are used to
represent them.
Before you proceed, it is highly recommended that
you recall concepts about pure substances (learned
in Grade 7), physical changes (learned in Grade 8)
and chemical bonding (learned in Grade 9) as they
will be helpful in understanding the topics covered in
this module.
Learning Competencies:
At the end of this module, you are expected to accomplish the following specific
learning objectives unpacked from the competencies:
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What I Know
Before starting the learning process, it is important to know how familiar you
already are with the concepts in this topic. Please answer the pre-test before
proceeding.
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Lesson MATTER
1 Chemical Change
What’s In
Refer to concepts that you learned in Grade 8 and Grade 9 to answer these
questions: Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1) What happens to the composition of paper when it is cut into smaller pieces?
Does the paper turn into another material? Explain.
What’s New
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What is it
As you have learned in previous grade levels, matter is made up of atoms. They
combine or bond in different ways and proportions to give rise to substances. Each
substance has a different composition or combination of atoms. For example, water is
formed when two hydrogen atoms bonds with one oxygen atom while table salt is a
result of ionic bonding between a sodium atom and a chlorine atom.
When a process involves 1) the breaking of bonds between atoms of
substances, 2) rearrangement of atoms into new configurations, and 3) formation of
new bonds, we call it a chemical change. We say that the substances have reacted
chemically or that a chemical reaction has occurred.
A chemical change is different from a physical change, which does NOT
rearrange atoms or molecules and does NOT produce a completely new substance.
Therefore, in a physical change, the properties of the substances involved remain
relatively the same but in a chemical change the new substance/s produced have
different properties from the original.
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What’s More
Now that you already know what a chemical change / reaction is and are
already familiar with the evidence of such a process, let us examine some everyday
examples and identify the evidence of chemical reactions exhibited by each.
Examine and analyze the following examples below. Determine whether the
following involves a physical change or a chemical change. If it is a physical change,
explain why it is NOT a chemical change. If it is a chemical change, identify what
evidence of chemical change is/are exhibited by the example. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper. Numbers 1 and 2 are done for you as examples.
a) Physical change
2) Ripening of fruits
a) Chemical change
3) Burning of firewood
a) _________________________________
b) _________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
4) Sewing of clothes
a) _______________________________
b) _______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
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a) _______________________________
b) _______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
6) Rusting of iron
a) ________________________________
b) ________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
7) Spoiling of Food
a) ________________________________
b) ________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
Complete the lesson summary below by filling in the appropriate words to each
blank. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper as numbered.
LESSON SUMMARY:
Matter undergoes two types of changes. A _____(1)______ is one that involves
changes in the form but not in the composition of the substance/s involved. The second
type of change alters the chemical composition of the materials involved. We call this
a chemical change or a _____(2)______.
There are three steps in changing the composition of substances in latter
process. First, the chemical __(3)___ of the original materials are broken. Second,
there will a _____(4)_____ of atoms into new configurations. Lastly, (new) bonds will
be ___(5)____.
When substances undergo a chemical change, they exhibit “hints” that we call
evidence of chemical reactions: production of ___(6)___, evolution of a __(7)___,
change in ____(8)____, change in ___(9)____ properties, and formation of
____(10)_____.
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What I Can Do
To witness the chemical changes and the evidence for their occurrence
firsthand, you may do the following at home:
1) Cooking of rice
Next time you or your parents cook rice, take time to
compare the rice grains when they are still uncooked
with the rice grains when they are already cooked.
What are the differences?
What evidence of chemical reactions is exhibited
through these differences?
2) Lighting a candle
If you have a candle at home, you can witness another
chemical reaction by lighting it using a matchstick or
lighter.
Precaution: Seek guidance from adults to avoid burns
and minimize risk of fire. Observe the candle as it burns.
What evidence of chemical reactions are exhibited by the
burning candle?
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Additional Activities
This activity is optional and is only for additional learning. You DO NOT have to do it
if you do not have access to the internet.
1) Open a web browser on your device and go to “www.misterhelp.net”.
2) Click on “Log in as a guest”.
3) Select YES to agree to the privacy policy of the site.
4) Navigate to the course titled “Quarter 4, Module 5: Chemical Reactions”
5) Click on “Lesson 1” listed on the course.
Lesson MATTER
2 Chemical Equation
What’s In
What’s New
As discussed in lesson 1, a
chemical change / reaction is a
rearrangement of the atoms of the original
substances into new configurations in
order to form new substances. This
process follows the law of conservation of
mass and is mathematically accurate. So,
in order to represent a chemical reaction
in a precise manner, chemists use what is
called a chemical equation.
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We
What is it
CHEMICAL FORMULA
Instead of writing the names of the substances involved in a chemical reaction
in words, we use chemical formulae. They are concise and they comprehensively
express the composition of each substance.
Name in words Chemical Formula
Methane Gas CH4
Oxygen Gas O2
Water H2O
Symbol Meaning
reversible reaction
This equation is read as 2 atoms of sodium in solid form reacts with 2 molecules
of water in liquid form to form 2 molecules of sodium hydroxide which is dissolved in
water and 2 molecules of hydrogen gas.
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In this third chemical equation, there are two arrows that point to both directions.
This means that the reactants SO2 and O2 react to form SO3 but the SO3 will also react
to form back the SO2 and O2. Thus, the reaction is reversible.
This fourth example shows that ammonia (NH3) reacts with oxygen gas (O2)
with the help of copper (Cu). Without copper mixed in the system, the chemical
reaction does not proceed or it proceeds very slowly. Copper is a catalyst – it is not
part of the substances that react BUT without it, ammonia and oxygen gas will not
react or will react very slowly.
What’s More
Now that you have already learned about how a chemical equation represents
a chemical reaction, you can now answer the following tasks:
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1. Iron reacts with copper sulfate (CuSO4) and forms iron (II)
sulfate (FeSO4) and copper.
2. Magnesium combines with oxygen gas (O2) to produce
magnesium oxide (MgO).
3. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the presence of manganese
dioxide (MnO2) produces water and oxygen gas.
4. Acetic acid (CH3COOH) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
produce sodium acetate with the release of carbon dioxide
(CO2) gas and water.
5. Copper sulfate (CuSO4) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
to produce insoluble copper (II) hydroxide Cu(OH)2 and
sodium sulfate (Na2SO4 ) solution.
4. Iron oxide reacts with carbon to form iron and carbon dioxide
when heat is added.
2 Fe2O3 + 3C 4 Fe + 3 CO2
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Complete the lesson summary below by filling in the appropriate words to each
blank. Write your answers as numbered on a separate sheet of paper.
LESSON SUMMARY:
We use a ______(1)_______ to concisely express the details of a chemical
reaction. This system uses chemical formulas to represent ____(2)_____ which are
the starting materials and the ____(3)______ which are the new substances formed.
In a chemical formula, numbers in the form of ____(4)____ represent how many
atoms are bonded to each molecule while numbers in the form of ____(5)______
represent how many molecules are present.
The arrow/s that connect/s the two sides of a chemical equation also express
the reversibility of a reaction. If it has only one arrow, it means the reaction is
_____(6)______. But if there are two arrows pointing to both directions, the reaction
is ______(7)_____.
If the word heat or the symbol ____(8)_____ is written on the arrow, it means
the system needs heat to proceed with the reaction. Symbols of chemicals written on
the arrow denote presence of solvents or _____(9)_____.
The physical state of the substances involved are conveyed by writing (s) for
solid, (l) for liquid, (g) for gaseous, and ____(10)_____ for aqueous or dissolved in
water.
Additional Activities
This activity is optional and is only for additional learning. You DO NOT have to
do it if you do not have access to the internet.
1) Open a web browser on your device and go to misterhelp.net
2) Click on “Log in as a guest”.
3) Select YES to agree to the privacy policy of the site.
4) Navigate to the course titled “Quarter 4, Module 5: Chemical Reactions”.
5) Click on “Lesson 2” listed on the course.
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Lesson MATTER
What’s In
Answer the following questions about chemical equations. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.
1) How do we know if a chemical reaction is reversible or not based on its
chemical equation?
2) If a chemical reaction requires the addition of MnO2 as catalyst, how is this
fact incorporated into its chemical equation?
3) A chemical reaction produces a precipitate as one of its products. What
information from the chemical equation can we look at to determine which
of the substances is the precipitate?
What’s New
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What is it
A + B → AB
Ex. 2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O
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What’s More
Now that you are familiar with the 4 basic types and 2 special types of chemical
reactions, you can already answer the following:
Examine each of the following chemical reactions and classify them according
the 4 basic types of chemical reactions. If applicable, state also its special type. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. NaOH + KNO3 → NaNO3 + KOH
2. CH4 + O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O
3. Fe + NaBr → FeBr3 + Na
4. CaSO4 + Mg(OH)2 → Ca(OH)2 + MgSO4
5. NH4OH + HBr → H2O + NH4Br
6. P4 + O2 → P2O5
7. NaNO3 → NaNO2 + O2
8. C18H18 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
9. H2SO4 + NaOH → NaSO4 + H2O
10. NiSO4 + Li3PO4 → Ni3(PO4)2 + Li2SO4
Note: The chemical equations above are NOT balanced equations – but you
can still categorize them into types. Balancing of equations will be the topic of your
next module.
Complete the lesson summary below by filling in the appropriate words to each
blank. Write your answers as numbered on a separate sheet of paper.
LESSON SUMMARY:
Chemical reactions can be categorized into types. There are __(1)__ basic
types of chemical reactions. Within the basic types, we also discussed __(2)__ special
cases.
A synthesis or ____(3)_____ reaction is one that builds up bigger molecules
from smaller ones. When a chemical reaction breaks down bigger molecules into
smaller ones we call it a ______(4)_____ type of reaction.
In a single displacement or replacement type of chemical reaction, an ion or
atom ___(5)_____ another ion or atom in a molecule. A double displacement reaction
involves the _____(6)______ of partner ions or atoms between two compounds.
A special case of decomposition involves a hydrocarbon reacting with oxygen
gas. We call this type of reaction _____(7)_____. When a double displacement
reaction involves an acid and a base, we call it an ____(8)_______reaction. This type
of reaction produces __(9)___ and ___(10)____ as products.
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What I Can Do
But where do all the nucleotides and amino acids come from? They come from
the food that we eat. Most food items are derived from plants and animals which
obviously have DNA, RNA and proteins in their structures. When we eat them, our
digestive system breaks down the protein from the meat into individual amino acids.
Likewise, it also breaks down the DNA and RNA from their cells into nucleotides. This
process of digesting protein and nucleic acids into amino acids and nucleotides is a
decomposition type of chemical reaction. It breaks down the big biomolecules DNA,
RNA and proteins into smaller units – nucleotides and amino acids.
Additional Activities
This activity is optional and is only for additional learning. You DO NOT have to
do it if you do not have access to the internet.
1) Open a web browser on your device and go to misterhelp.net
2) Click on “Log in as a guest”.
3) Select YES to agree to the privacy policy of the site.
4) Navigate to the course titled “Quarter 4, Module 5: Chemical Reactions”.
5) Click on “Lesson 3” listed on the course.
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6)
Assessment
It is time to check what you have learned through lessons 1, 2 and 3. Write
the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.
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a.
b.
c.
d.
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REFERENCES:
Books:
Images:
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