Ethics Prelim
Ethics Prelim
Ethics Prelim
GE-ETHICS 1
Ethics
PRELIMINARY EXAM / WEEK 1-5
be a crime or against the law, but some willfully. These actions are deliberate,
might argue that it is morally justifiable if intentional, or voluntary. Human acts are
it is the only way to prevent someone different from acts of man which are
from experiencing severe suffering or instinctive and not under the control of free
death. will.
GE-ETHICS 2
Ethics
PRELIMINARY EXAM / WEEK 1-5
MORAL DICTINCTIONS OF HUMAN ACTS It is characterized as: This term is often used
1. Moral Actions The free and voluntary in contrast to human
2. Immoral Actions acts of man, acts dined acts in philosophical
3. Amoral Actions with knowledge and and ethical discussions.
consent, acts which are
VOLUTARINESS AND RESPONSIBILITY: THE MORAL proper to man because
PRINCIPLE INVOLVED IN ACTIONS HAVING TWO they are rational
EFFECTS beings.
Categories of acts of
ETHICS man
Moral principles that govern a person's o Natural
behavior or the conducting of an activity. involuntary
VOLUNTARINESS actions
“Voluntariness is a power of the will or of o Natural
motivation to get us to act as willed. ” - voluntary
(Thomas Pink. Self-Determination: The actions
ethics of action. vol.1)
RESPONSIBILITY SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
The state or fact of being accountable or to HUMAN ACTS AND ACTS OF MAN
blame for something.
SIMILARITIES
RELATIONSHIP OF ETHICS, VOLUNTARINESS, AND Involvement of the Individual
RESPONSIBILITY Physical Manifestation
Expression of the Will
RELATED BETWEEN VOLUTARINESS AND ETHICS DIFFERENCES
Ethics studies human acts and human acts to be Moral Dimension
human, must be voluntary. o Human Acts: they are subject to
BETWEEN MORALITY AND VOLUNTARINESS moral evaluation as right or wrong
Morality is moral precisely because it is voluntary. based on the individual's intention
HUMAN ACT AND VOLUTARINESS and consequences.
The acts of human are free acts of man. o Acts of Man: lack a moral
RESPONSIBILITIES AND VOLUNTARINESS dimension as they may occur
If there is consent and knowledge there is without conscious choice or
responsibility, and consent means voluntariness. deliberations.
PUNISHMENT Voluntariness
It is absurd and most cruel to punish anyone who o Human Act: characterized by
acted because of pure necessity, for doing what he voluntary choice and deliberate
could not do otherwise. Unless there is intention.
voluntariness, there can be no responsibility, and o Acts of Man: often more automatic
without responsibility, punishment is meaningless. or instinctual, happening without
conscious deliberation.
Conscious Reflection
THE NATURE OF HUMAN ACT
o Human Acts: involves conscious
reflection, deliberation, and
Human acts Acts of Man
awareness of the choices being
These actions are done Actions that are
made.
with knowledge and naturally exhibited by
o Acts of Man: may occur without
consent willfully carried a man.
conscious thought or reflection;
out by the person. Acts
they can be more reflexive or
which are conscious
impulsive.
and under our control.
Freedom
GE-ETHICS 3
Ethics
PRELIMINARY EXAM / WEEK 1-5
GE-ETHICS 4
Ethics
PRELIMINARY EXAM / WEEK 1-5
take on tasks, reducing the community's view of political issues. This might hinder
ability for effective collaboration and informed decision-making and
growth. voluntariness.
Cultural norms and attitudes within a Marginalized groups, such as ethnic
community can either encourage or minorities or economically disadvantaged
discourage voluntary and responsible areas, may encounter obstacles to political
behavior. participation. This underrepresentation
Individuals who make voluntary might result in policies that do not meet the
contributions or take on obligations may not demands of all citizens.
be adequately recognized or appreciated. Excessive election money and the possibility
A lack of awareness about opportunities, of corruption could put at risk the
duties, or the significance of individual voluntariness and fairness of political
contributions can lead to uncertainty and processes. Wealthy individuals or interest
disengagement. groups can have a disproportionate
Economic pressures and external causes, influence in elections.
such as employment insecurity or financial Practices that suppress voting, such as
limits, can limit people's ability to volunteer restrictive voter ID laws or limitations on
or take on additional obligations in their early voting, can hinder the voluntariness of
communities. citizens to exercise their right to vote.
Media manipulation and political
ROLE OF VOLUNTARINESS AND RESPONSIBILITY propaganda can influence public opinion
IN SOCIETY through providing biased or misleading
Structural inequalities within society can information.
limit access to opportunities for voluntary Marginalized groups, such as ethnic
contributions and responsibilities. minorities, LGBTQ+ communities, and
Global environmental challenges, such as people with disabilities, may encounter
climate change, can create a sense of obstacles that limit their political strength.
urgency for collective responsibility. This can reduce voluntariness by barring
Pandemics or widespread health crises these groups from active political
might have an impact on people's ability involvement.
and willingness to participate voluntarily
due to concerns about their personal safety FACTORS THAT LESSEN ACCOUNTABILITY
and well-being. CONCUPISCENCE, FEAR AND VIOLENCE
Increased reliance on technology and digital
communication may lead to social isolation. ACCOUNTABILITY
Insufficient civic education may lead to a admitting you're wrong, reflecting on what
lack of understanding of the value of you learned, and making amends when
voluntariness and responsibility in society. required.
Individuals may not be entirely aware of CONCUPISCENCE
their role in shaping the society. Concupiscentia - "strong desire" or "lust" in
Discrimination and stigma based on race, Latin
gender, or socioeconomic status might not the same as simple sexual attraction
make it difficult for some people or groups immoral goal is to obtain a possession they
to volunteer or take on larger societal are forbidden to have
responsibilities. FEAR
warning sign of impending physical or
ROLE OF VOLUNTARINESS AND RESPONSIBILITY mental harm.
IN POLITICS VIOLENCE
The spread of politically motivated use of physical force to cause harm to
disinformation has the potential to affect another person.
public opinion and contribute to a mistaken
GE-ETHICS 5
Ethics
PRELIMINARY EXAM / WEEK 1-5
GE-ETHICS 6