Project Report Thermo

Sheridan College
School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering

Technology
MECE27642D: Thermodynamics
Project Report
Group Members: Preston Barrington (991577368), Ata-Ul-Raheem Malik

(991563040), Ali Almoman (991582261)
Instructor: Amin Ghobeity
Class Number: 1221_92189
Declaration: By submitting this report on SLATE, we the group members shall

hereby declare that the work presented in this report is original and not
plagiarised or copied.
Background
Figure 1: CHP system
The purpose of the project is to analyze the combined heat and power system shown
in the above figure and determine the operating conditions over one year while
meeting certain heating load requirements for each month.
Cycle Calculations
All calculations shown are for the month of February with an extraction pressure of
500 kPa.
Given:
𝑃1 = 𝑃7 = 6000 𝑘𝑃𝑎𝑃2 = 500 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑃3 = 𝑃4 = 60 𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑃5 = 𝑃6 = 𝑃8 = 450 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑇1 = 540 °𝐶
𝑥4 = 𝑥8 = 0
ℎ7 = 469. 91 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
η𝑝1 = η𝑝2 = 88% η𝑡 = 82%

𝑦 = 0. 5
𝑄𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 (𝑓𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑦) = 23791. 6 𝑀𝐽
Calculations:
𝑄˙
1000 𝑘𝐽 1 1 𝑑𝑎𝑦 1ℎ 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 (𝑓𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑦)
= (𝑄𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 (𝑓𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑦))( 1 𝑀𝐽
)( 28 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 )( 24 ℎ
)( 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛 )( 60 𝑠
)
𝑄˙𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 (𝑓𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑦) = 9. 83449 𝑘𝑊
ℎ1 = ℎ@6000 𝑘𝑃𝑎 & 540 °𝐶 = 3517. 627 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑠1 = 𝑠@6000 𝑘𝑃𝑎 & 540 °𝐶 = 7. 001758 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔·𝐾
𝑠2𝑠 = 𝑠1 ℎ2𝑠 = ℎ@500 𝑘𝑃𝑎 & 7.001758 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔·𝐾 = 2828. 209 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
ℎ1−ℎ2𝑎
η𝑡 = ℎ1−ℎ
ℎ2𝑎 = ℎ1 − η𝑡(ℎ1 − ℎ ) = 2952. 30424 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
2𝑠 2𝑠
ℎ8 = ℎ𝑓@450 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 623. 2243 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑄˙𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 (𝑓𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑦)
𝑄˙𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 (𝑓𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑦) = 𝑚˙1𝑦(ℎ2𝑎 − ℎ8) 𝑚˙1 = 𝑦(ℎ2𝑎−ℎ8)
= 0. 008444965 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
𝑠3𝑠 = 7. 001758 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔·𝐾 ℎ3𝑠 = ℎ@60 𝑘𝑃𝑎 & 7.001758 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 = 2553. 93 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
ℎ2𝑎−ℎ3𝑎
η𝑡 = ℎ2𝑎−ℎ
ℎ3𝑎 = ℎ2𝑎 − η𝑡(ℎ2𝑎 − ℎ ) = 2625. 637363 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
3𝑠 3𝑠
𝑊˙𝑡 = 𝑚˙1(ℎ1 − ℎ2𝑎) + (1 − 𝑦)(ℎ2𝑎 − ℎ3𝑎) = 6. 153475 𝑘𝑊
ℎ4 = ℎ𝑓@60 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 359. 8365 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑄˙𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑚˙1𝑦(ℎ3𝑎 − ℎ4) = 9. 56729 𝑘𝑊
𝑄˙𝑖𝑛 = 𝑚˙1(ℎ1 − ℎ7) = 25. 73785 𝑘𝑊
ℎ5𝑎 = 360. 1895 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑊˙𝑝1 = 𝑚˙1𝑦(ℎ5𝑎 − ℎ4) = 0. 0014905 𝑘𝑊

ℎ6−ℎ
5𝑎
𝑦= ℎ8−ℎ5𝑎
ℎ6 = 𝑦(ℎ8 − ℎ5𝑎) + ℎ5𝑎 = 491. 7069 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑊˙𝑝2 = 𝑚˙1(ℎ7 − ℎ6) =− 0. 184074 𝑘𝑊
Energy Balance:
𝑄˙𝑛𝑒𝑡, 𝑖𝑛 − 𝑊˙𝑛𝑒𝑡, 𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 0
𝑄˙𝑖𝑛 − 𝑄˙𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑄˙𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 (𝑓𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑦) − 𝑊˙𝑡 + 𝑊˙𝑝1 + 𝑊˙𝑝2 = 0
(25. 73785 − 9. 56729 − 9. 83449 − 6. 153475 + 0. 0014905 − 0. 184074)𝑘𝑊 = 0
0=0
𝐿𝑆 = 𝑅𝑆
Discussion
Using the heating load (𝑄𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠) for the month of february and a value of 0.5 for y, the
mass flow rate of steam going to the inlet of the turbine was calculated. Following the
parameters of constant mass flow rate to the inlet of the turbine throughout the year,
as well as a set boiler temperature and certain pressures throughout the system, the
value of y varies to deliver the required heating load each month. The graphs below
show how changing the y-value affects the mass flow rate at the extraction port each
month, as well as the electrical power produced by the turbine each month.
There are two sets of data for two different extraction pressures. The first extraction
pressure is 500 kPa and the second extraction pressure is 1000 kPa. Changing the
extraction pressure has noticable effects on the system metrics. For example, with
an extraction pressure of 500 kPa, the total energy generated by the turbine
throughout the year is 26177709.84 MJ, whereas with an extraction pressure of 1000
kPa, the energy generated is 25458894 MJ.
Graphs
Figure 2: 𝑚˙ 2 vs. months
Figure 3: 𝑊˙ 𝑇 vs. months

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Sheridan College

School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering

Group Members: Preston Barrington (991577368), Ata-Ul-Raheem Malik

Instructor: Amin Ghobeity

Class Number: 1221_92189

Declaration: By submitting this report on SLATE, we the group members shall

Figure 1: CHP system

𝑃1 = 𝑃7 = 6000 𝑘𝑃𝑎𝑃2 = 500 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑃3 = 𝑃4 = 60 𝑘𝑃𝑎

η𝑝1 = η𝑝2 = 88% η𝑡 = 82%

𝑄𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 (𝑓𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑦) = 23791. 6 𝑀𝐽

𝑄˙𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 (𝑓𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑦) = 9. 83449 𝑘𝑊

ℎ1 = ℎ@6000 𝑘𝑃𝑎 & 540 °𝐶 = 3517. 627 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

𝑠1 = 𝑠@6000 𝑘𝑃𝑎 & 540 °𝐶 = 7. 001758 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔·𝐾

ℎ8 = ℎ𝑓@450 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 623. 2243 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

𝑊˙𝑡 = 𝑚˙1(ℎ1 − ℎ2𝑎) + (1 − 𝑦)(ℎ2𝑎 − ℎ3𝑎) = 6. 153475 𝑘𝑊

ℎ4 = ℎ𝑓@60 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 359. 8365 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

𝑄˙𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑚˙1𝑦(ℎ3𝑎 − ℎ4) = 9. 56729 𝑘𝑊

𝑄˙𝑖𝑛 = 𝑚˙1(ℎ1 − ℎ7) = 25. 73785 𝑘𝑊

ℎ5𝑎 = 360. 1895 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

𝑊˙𝑝1 = 𝑚˙1𝑦(ℎ5𝑎 − ℎ4) = 0. 0014905 𝑘𝑊

𝑊˙𝑝2 = 𝑚˙1(ℎ7 − ℎ6) =− 0. 184074 𝑘𝑊

𝑄˙𝑛𝑒𝑡, 𝑖𝑛 − 𝑊˙𝑛𝑒𝑡, 𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 0

𝑄˙𝑖𝑛 − 𝑄˙𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑄˙𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 (𝑓𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑦) − 𝑊˙𝑡 + 𝑊˙𝑝1 + 𝑊˙𝑝2 = 0

(25. 73785 − 9. 56729 − 9. 83449 − 6. 153475 + 0. 0014905 − 0. 184074)𝑘𝑊 = 0

Figure 2: 𝑚˙ 2 vs. months

Figure 3: 𝑊˙ 𝑇 vs. months

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