WTS 12 Calculus
WTS 12 Calculus
WTS 12 Calculus
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ALGEBRA
B. Grouping in pairs
It is a factorising method that can be used when an expression has four or more terms
and then therefore terms can be grouped in pairs
Positive sign must be in between the brackets
there must be four terms and if one term is missing you must use zero instead
ensure you take a coefficient with the sign
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ii. The factor theorem
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CALULUS
A. Average gradient
The average gradient between two points is the gradient of a straight line drawn between the
two points.
STEPS:
make it a point that you copy the formula as it is in the formula sheet
simply substitute where there is
where there is a fraction you must find the LCD
D. Rules of derivative
Finding the derivative using the rule for differentiating
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E. Conclusion
F. Tangent Equation
The slope of the tangent line to the graph at a point is equal to the derivative of the function at
that point. So to find the equation of the tangent line to at
For two variables you need two points and hence equations
For three variables you need to work with the first two variables and use one point for
remaining variable
For eq 1:
For eq 2: substitute the points of contact and if not given simple calculate
Solve them simultaneously
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CUBIC FUNCTION
When we are drawing the graph or looking for the max. or min. values of a function:
it is useful to identify the turning points; these points are where the gradient of the
function is zero. We solve and substitute the x values into original equation
for the y values.
Local maximum
Local minimum
Inflection point
Take note:
Because solving can help us identify local max. or min. Points, we often use the
derivative in solving an applied problem where we need to find a max. or min. value.
b) Find intercepts:
Note:
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c) For the -value of the turning point:
make
solve for x
For the y-value of the turning point substitute the x-value of turning point into the
original equation.
Average the x-value of turning points (midpoint formula)
Average the x-intercepts of a curve
For:
For:
Note:
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f) Draw a neat sketch
k) {+ve x-value and +ve y-value or –ve x-value and –ve y-value}
Key note:
Remember to manipulate the new given equation into the original one
Maximum and minimum values means the y values of the turning point
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Reading y-value
Only one real roots { horizontal line cuts the graph once}
Three distinct roots { horizontal line cuts the graph three times}
Note:
The line y = k + c has to intersect the graph f(x) at different places. Make sure the given
equation is derived to the original equation and make y the subject of the formula
a) Translation
1. Horizontal translation: f (x + c)
Then x-value(s) of the turning point is translated c unit left (-ve) or right (+ve)
Then y-value of turning point will be translated q unit up (+ve) or down (-ve)
b) The reflection
It can affect the whole equation and the turning points. The reflection about axes
c) The enlargement
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B. EQUATION OF CUBIC FUNCTIONS
i) 3- x-intercepts given, if
Simple use:
Simple use:
and substitute given value of x { if not given equate the two equations}
substitute x-value and y-value in and then solve simultaneously
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C. DERIVED GRAPH
D.PROPERTIES GIVEN
Given properties
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E. APLICATION OF CALCULUS
TO SHAPE
Note:
Rectangle:………………. Circle:……………….
Rectangle:………………. Circle:……………….
Rectangle:……………… Cylinder:……………….
Rectangle:…………………… Cylinder:………………
NB: you must be in the position to imagine the shape if it is not given
Derive
Let derivative be zero
Solve
Substitute into the original equation if necessary
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TO GRAPH
Pythagoras formula:…………………………………
Gradient formula:……………………………………
Midpoint formula:……………………………………
Line equation:………………………………………..
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TO RATE
Rate:
derive
substitute with given value
At rest/ stationary/initial:
time is zero
velocity is zero
Flow of water:
Rate of maximum:
Velocity/ speed:
Acceleration:
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KWV QP: 01
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KWV MEMO: 01
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KWV QP: 02
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KWV MEMO: 02
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KWV QP: 03
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KWV QP : 04
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KWV MEMO: 04
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KWV MEMO 05
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