Mieso Et Al. Goat Fattening

Proceeding of Pre-extension demonstration of Agricultural Technologies IQQO AGP-II
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute
Agricultural Growth Program (AGP-II)
(2016-2020)
Pre-extension demonstration of Agricultural Technologies
Book of abstract
Donor partners
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to thank the World Bank and other donor partners for funding the
research work. Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, the respective research
centers and staff members are strongly appreciated for supporting, hosting and
executing the research works.
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EXCUTIVE SUMMARY
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (IQQO) Agricultural Growth Program (AGP-II)

conducted 642 different research activities during the last four years (2016/17 – 2019/20)
through its 17 implementing research centers and one food science lab based at head quarter.
Among those, 214 were pre-extension demonstration research activities. About 161 improved
agricultural technologies (148 % of five years project plan) were fully approved by 516
completed Farmers Research Extension Groups (FREGs) involving 8157 direct beneficiary
farmers (29.1% female) and recommended for further dissemination into public extension
system. Besides, large scale cluster based demonstrations of 33 technologies were conducted in
2019/20 across 29 AGP-II beneficiary Woredas by establishing 81 clusters that covered 617.9
hectares of land involving 1537 direct beneficiary farmers (24.3% female).
Classification of the total 161 technologies promoted to public extensions into cross cutting
issues revealed that 48 were gender sensitive, 34 nutrition sensitive, 36 Climate Smart
Agriculture and 43 multipurpose. Besides, those technologies were from multiple commodities
& directorates such as crops (76), livestock (35), natural resource (21) and Agricultural
engineering (29).
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ____________________________________________ ii
EXCUTIVE SUMMARY ______________________________________________ iii
CROP RESEARCH ______________________________________________________ 1
2016/17___________________________________________________________________ 1
Pre-extension Demonstration of Bread Wheat Technologies in Ginnir District, Bale Zone
................................................................................................................................................. 1
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Bread Wheat Technologies in AGP-II Districts
of East and Horro Guduru Wollega Zones .......................................................................... 2
Pre-extension Demonstration of Durum Wheat Variety in Bale & W. Arsi Zones ......... 3
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Teff Technologies in AGP- II Districts of East
and Horro Guduru Wollega Zones....................................................................................... 4
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Bread Wheat Technologies in Selected AGP-
II districts of Bale and West Arsi Zones ............................................................................... 5
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Food Barley Technologies in AGP-II Districts
of East and Horro Guduru Wollega Zones .......................................................................... 6
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Improved Potato Technologies in AGP –II Districts of
Horro Guduru Wollega Zone ................................................................................................ 7
Pre-Extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Improved Sesame Technologies in
Selected AGP-II Districts of East Wollega Zone ................................................................. 8
2017/18 __________________________________________________________________ 9
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Bread Wheat Technologies in Bale and West
Arsi Zones ............................................................................................................................... 9
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Food Barley Technologies in Bale and West
Arsi Zones ............................................................................................................................. 10
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Faba Bean Technologies in Bale and West
Arsi Zones ............................................................................................................................. 11
Pre-extension Demonstration of Potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans L.)
Management options in western Oromia ......................................................................... 12
Pre-extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Melkassa Maize Varieties in Selected
AGP-II districts of Harari and Dire Dawa .......................................................................... 13
Pre-extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Early Maturing Sorghum Varieties in
Selected AGP-II Districts of Harari and Dire Dawa .......................................................... 14
Pre-extension Demonstration of Bread Wheat Varieties at Dugda and Lume districts15
iv
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Improved Chickpea at Dugda Woreda...................... 16
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Improved Food Barley Varieties at Dugda and Lume
districts ................................................................................................................................. 17
Pre-Extension Demonstration and Participatory Evaluation of Improved Sorghum
Varieties: In Case of Kellem and West Wollega Zones .................................................... 18
Pre-extension Demonstration and Participatory Evaluation of Improved Bread Wheat
Technologies in Selected AGP-II Districts of East and Horro Guduru Wollega Zones . 19
Pre-extension Demonstration and Participatory Evaluation of Improved Teff Technology
in Potential AGP-II Districts of East & H/G/ Wollega Zones........................................... 20
Pre-extension Demonstration and Participatory Evaluation of Improved Food Barley
Technology in Selected AGP-II Districts of East and Horro Guduru Wollega Zones .... 21
Pre-extension Demonstration and Participatory Evaluation of Improved Sesame
Technologies in the Selected AGP-II Districts of East Wollega Zone ............................. 22
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Improved Potato Technologies in Western Oromia 23
2018/19 ________________________________________________________________ 24
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Improved Food Barley (Hordeum vulgare L) Varieties in
Dugda and Lume districts, Oromia Region, Ethiopia ....................................................... 24
Pre-extension Demonstration of Bread Wheat Varieties at Dugda and Lume Districts25
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Durum Wheat Varieties in Bale and West Arsi
Zones..................................................................................................................................... 26
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Food Barley Varieties in Bale Zone .......... 27
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Faba Bean Varieties in Bale and West Arsi
Zones..................................................................................................................................... 28
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Improved Kabuli type Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L)
Varieties in Ginnir district of Bale zone ............................................................................. 29
Pre-extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Onion Varieties in Selected AGP-II
Districts of Harari Region and Dire Dawa City Administrative Council ......................... 30
Pre-extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Potato Varieties in Selected AGP-II
Districts of Harari Region ................................................................................................... 31
Pre-extension demonstration and evaluation of tomato variety in selected AGP-II
districts of Harari region..................................................................................................... 32
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Bread Wheat Technology in selected AGP-II
Districts of East & Horro Guduru Wollega Zones ............................................................ 33
v
Pre-extension Demonstration of improved Tef Technology in selected AGP-II districts of
East & Horro Guduru Wollega zones ................................................................................ 34
Pre-extension Demonstration of improved Soybean technology in selected AGP-II
districts of West Shewa and East Wollega zones ............................................................. 35
Pre-extension Demonstration of improved Food Barely technology in selected AGP-II
districts of Horro and East Wollega Zones ....................................................................... 36
Pre-extension demonstration of improved Sesame technology in selected AGP-II
districts of East Wollega zones .......................................................................................... 37
2019/20 ________________________________________________________________ 38
Pre-extension demonstration of improved faba bean varieties in highlands of East Guji
Zone, Southern Oromia, Ethiopia ...................................................................................... 38
Cluster Based Pre-Scaling Up Of Improved Irish Potato Variety at Highland Districts of
East Guji Zone, Southern Oromia....................................................................................... 39
Cluster Based Pre-Scaling Up of Improved Chickpea Varieties at Adola Rede District of
East Guji Zone ...................................................................................................................... 40
Pre-extension demonstration of improved sesame varieties in Harari National Regional
State ...................................................................................................................................... 41
Pre-extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Melkassa Maize Varieties in selected
AGP-II districts of Harari region and Dire Dawa Administration ................................... 42
Pre-extension Demonstration and Evaluation of early maturing sorghum varieties in the
selected AGP-II districts of Harari region and Dire Dawa Administration .................... 43
Demonstration and Evaluation of Double Cropping Practice (Legume followed by
Sorghum crop) in Selected AGP-II Districts of Harari Region and Dire Dawa
Administrative Council........................................................................................................ 44
Cluster-based pre-scaling up of improved Tomato variety in selected AGP-II districts in
Harari Region: farmers’ livelihood improvement perspectives ...................................... 45
Pre-Scaling up of Improved Maize Varieties in selected AGP-II districts of Harari region
and Dire Dawa administration. .......................................................................................... 46
Cluster Based pre-scaling up of Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) Varieties at Dugda
district East Shoa Zone ........................................................................................................ 47
Cluster-based pre-scaling up of improved Barley technologies in Horro and Jimma Rare
Districts of Horro Guduru Wollega zone. ......................................................................... 48
Cluster-based pre-scaling up of improved Finger millet varieties in east Wollega zone
districts, western Oromia .................................................................................................... 49
vi
Cluster-based pre-scaling up of improved wheat technologies in western Oromia: Horo
Guduru Wollega and East Wollega Zones......................................................................... 50
Cluster-based pre-scaling up of improved Rice technologies in south west Oromia .. 51
Cluster-based Per-scaling Up of Tef Technologies through Community Based Seed
Multiplication in Horo Guduro Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia ........................ 52
Cluster-based pre-scaling up of improved soybean technologies in Bako Tibe, Wayu
Tuka and Boneya Boshe districts, western Oromia .......................................................... 53
Cluster-based pre-scaling up of improved sesame technologies in Buunnoo Beddellee
Zone: The case of Chewaka district ................................................................................... 54
Cluster-based pre-scaling up of improved Hot Pepper technologies in East Wollega
Zones: The Case of Bilo Boshe and Wayu Tuka Districts, Oromia .................................. 55
Pre-Extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Soybean Technologies (Glycine max L.
Merrill) in West and Kellem Wollega Zones ..................................................................... 56
Pre-scaling up of Finger millet Technologies in West and Kellem Wollega Zones ...... 57
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Malt Barley Varieties in Bale and West Arsi
Zones..................................................................................................................................... 58
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Common Bean Varieties in Potential Districts
of Bale Zone ......................................................................................................................... 59
of Bale Zone ......................................................................................................................... 60
of Bale Zone ......................................................................................................................... 61
LIVESTOCK RESEARCH ____________________________________________ 62
2017/18 _________________________________________________________________ 62
Pre-extension demonstration of oat-vetch mixtures in to cereal dominated cropping
system of Bale and West Arsi Zones .................................................................................. 62
Demonstration of Improved management of F1 cow for farmers around Meki area for
livelihood improvement ..................................................................................................... 63
Participatory evaluation and demonstration of improved forage crop varieties for
smallholder farmers in selected districts of West Arsi and East Shoa zones ................ 64
Pre-extension and Demonstration of Improved Lablab purporeous Technology in
Selected AGP-II Districts of West Shewa and East Wollega Zones of Oromia .............. 65
Demonstration of Concentrate Based Goat Fattening Technologies at Lume and Dugda
Districts of East Shawa Zone .............................................................................................. 66
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Pre-extension Demonstration of Fish-Poultry-Horticulture Integration Farming System
in Dugda and Yaya Gulele Woreda .................................................................................... 67
Pre extension Demonstration of Improved Plastic Milk Churner Technology ............. 68
Pre-extension Demonstration of Napier Grass Silage on Lactating Crossbred Dairy Cows
in selected AGP-II Woreda of West Oromia ..................................................................... 69
2018/19 ________________________________________________________________ 70
Pre-extension Demonstration of Grazing Land Improvement Technology through Top
dressing with Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer in Selected Districts of Western
Oromia, Ethiopia .................................................................................................................. 70
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Lablab purporeous Varieties in Selected
Districts of East Wollega Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia......................................................... 71
Pre-extension Demonstration of Dolichos lablab (Lablab purpureus) Under sown in
Maize at Dugda and Lume Districts, East Shoa Zone, Ethiopia ...................................... 72
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Vetch (Veciavillosa) Variety under sown in
Maize Crop at Kofele District of West Arsi Zone.............................................................. 73
Pre-extension Demonstration of Oat-Vetch Mixture for Forage Production in Dodola
District of West Arsi Zone................................................................................................... 74
2019/20 ________________________________________________________________ 75
Economic Empowerment of Rural Women: Access to Improved Beekeeping
Technologies Package through Self-Help Grouping in Walmara District, Oromia Region,
Ethiopia ................................................................................................................................. 75
Improved Beekeeping Technologies as Intervention for Unemployed Youth Group .. 76
Pre-extension demonstration of stingless bee keeping (meliponiculture) through
participatory approaches .................................................................................................... 77
Integration of improved beekeeping technologies with rehabilitation of Gorfo
watershed in toke Kutaye district ...................................................................................... 78
Pre-Extension and Demonstration of Integrated Fish-Poultry-Horticulture-Forage and
Fattening Production System at Godino Kebele, Ada’a District, East Shoa Zone ......... 79
Pre-extension Demonstration of Nile tilapia fingerlings Multiplication at Wayu Tuqa80
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Improved Fishery Technologies in Sorga and Fincha
Reservoirs of East and Horo Guduru Wollega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. ........... 81
Pre-extension demonstration of feeding Fodder Oat and Vetch to improve milk yield of
crossbred dairy cows in Dodola district ............................................................................ 82
Cluster Based Oat-vetch Mixtures for Forage Production in Dodola District of West Arsi
Zone, Ethiopia ...................................................................................................................... 83
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Cluster based Pre-scaling up of dolichos lablab (Lablab purpureus) under sown in maize
at Dugda district, east Shoa, Oromia Region, Ethiopia ................................................... 84
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) Varieties in
Selected Districts of East Wollega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia ............................................. 85
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Improved Fodder oat Varieties in Selected Districts of
Western Oromia, Ethiopia .................................................................................................. 86
Cluster-based pre-scaling up of improved Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) technologies in
some districts of East and Horro Guduru Wollega and West Shawa Zones, Oromia,
Ethiopia ................................................................................................................................. 87
Pre-extension Demonstration of Elephant Grass in selected Districts of Bale Zone .... 88
Pre-extension demonstration of Elephant/Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) for
Animal Feed Resources in Dire Dawa and Harari Regions .............................................. 89
NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT __________________________ 90
2016/17_________________________________________________________________ 90
Pre extension demonstration of soil test based crop response Phosphorus
recommendation on maize (BH661) at Bedele district ................................................... 90
recommendation on Teff (Kuncho) at Chora district ...................................................... 91
Demonstration of Soil test based crop response phosphorus recommendation studies on
teff crop in Girar Jarso district of North Shewa Zone. .................................................... 92
2017/18 _________________________________________________________________ 93
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Soil Test Based Crop Response Phosprous
Recommendation on Teff at Omo Nada district, Western Oromia ................................ 93
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Soil test based crop response phosphorus fertilizer
recommendation on teff crop in Wera Jarso district of North Shewa Zone, Oromia,
Ethiopia ................................................................................................................................. 94
Participatory Evaluation and Demonstration of Soil Test Based Phosphorus
Recommendation on Maize at Wayu Tuka District of East Wollega Zone .................... 95
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Integration of both Mechanical and Biological Soil and
Water Conservation Practices in Kofele District, West Arsi Zone .................................. 96
2018/19 ________________________________________________________________ 97
Pre-Extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Soil Test Based Lime Application in
Reclamation of Acid Soil for Cereal-Legume Productivity in Selected Districts of Western
Oromia .................................................................................................................................. 97
ix
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Soil Test Based Phosphorus Recommendation on Teff
Crop in Werra Jarso District of North Shewa Zone, Oromia ........................................... 98
Pre-extension Demonstration of Phosphorus Critical and Phosphorus Requirement
Factor for Teff Crop at Lume District, East Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia................... 99
Factor for Bread Wheat Crop at Lume District, East Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia . 100
Pre-extension Demonstration of In-Situ Moisture Conservation and Management
Practices for Sustainable Maize Production in Mid Land Areas of Bale Zone ............ 101
Pre-extension Demonstration of Moringa Preparation and Utilization Methods in East
Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia ............................................................................................ 102
Pre-extension Demonstration of In-Situ Moisture Conservation Techniques on Maize
yield and yield components in Moisture Deficit area of Dugda Woreda, East Shewa
Zone, Ethiopia .................................................................................................................... 103
2019/20 _______________________________________________________________ 104
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Two Moringa Species in West Shewa and East Wollega
Zones, Oromia, Ethiopia.................................................................................................... 104
Restoration and Rehabilitation of Degraded Land: The case of Termite Management
Technologies in Diga District, Wollega, Oromia, Ethiopia ............................................ 105
Cluster based pre-scaling up of soil test based p-fertilizer recommendation rate for
maize in Bedele and Chora districts of Buno Bedele zone. ........................................... 106
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Soil Test crop response Based Phosphorus
Recommendation on Bread Wheat in Yaya Gullele District of North Shewa Zone, Oromia
............................................................................................................................................. 107
Cluster Based Pre-Scaling Up of Soil Test Crop Response Based Phosphorus
Recommendation on Teff (Eragrostis Tef (Zucc.)) in Were Jarso District of North Shewa,
Zone, Oromia ..................................................................................................................... 108
Cluster based Pre Scaling up of Soil test based Teff response Phosphorus
recommendation and Requirement map in Lume district, East Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia.
............................................................................................................................................. 109
Cluster based Pre Scaling up of Soil test based Bread wheat response Phosphorus
recommendation and Requirement map in Lume district, East Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia
............................................................................................................................................. 110
Pre-Extension Demonstration and Evaluation of improved Desho Grass Varieties in West
and Kellem Wollega Zones ............................................................................................... 111
Pre-extension Demonstration of Vertisol Management Structures with Mechanized
Farm in Adaba district, West Arsi, Ethiopia .................................................................... 112
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AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING _________________________________ 113
2016/17________________________________________________________________ 113
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Animal Drawn Cart through FREG in Selected AGP-II
Districts of Bale Zone ........................................................................................................ 113
Pre-Extension Demonstration of milk churner Technology through FREG in Selected
AGP-II Districts of Arsi Zone ............................................................................................ 114
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Hay-Box Chicken Brooder through Farmers Research
Extension Group in Selected AGP-II Districts of Arsi and West Arsi Zones................. 115
2017/18 ________________________________________________________________ 116
Pre-extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Improved Small Scale Pulpier for Wet
Coffee.................................................................................................................................. 116
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Hand Operated Winnower for Cereal Crops Cleaning in
Jimma and Buno Bedele Zones of Oromia...................................................................... 117
Participatory Demonstration and Evaluation of Family Level Rain Water Harvesting
Technologies in East Shoa Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia .................................................... 118
Pre-extension Demonstration of Coffee Huller in E. Wollega Zone ............................ 119
Pre–Extension Demonstration of Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting based Drip Irrigation
System for hot Pepper Production in selected districts of Harari Regional State...... 120
2018/19 _______________________________________________________________ 121
Pre-extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Animal Drawn Potato Digger in
Selected AGP-II Districts of Harari Region, Ethiopia ..................................................... 121
Participatory Evaluation and Demonstration of Overflow Pump through Farmer
Research Extension Group under Irrigation in Jimma Zone ......................................... 122
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Animal Drawn Cart in Selected AGP-II Districts of
Jimma & Buno Bedelle Zones, Oromia, Ethiopia ........................................................... 123
2019/20 _______________________________________________________________ 124
Pre-Scaling up of In Situ Moisture Conservation Techniques on Maize (Zea mays L.) yield
in Dugda District................................................................................................................ 124
Pre-Extension Demonstration and Participatory Evaluation of Different Furrow
Irrigation under Tomato Production at Sayo District, Kellem Wollega Zone, Western
Oromia ................................................................................................................................ 125
Pre-Extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Engine Operated Cereal Crop Winnower
............................................................................................................................................. 126
xi
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Portable Poultry House and Hay-Box Brooder for Rural
Women In Jimmaa Zones ................................................................................................. 127
Participatory Demonstration & Evaluation of Milk Churner through FREGs in South
Western Oromia in Jimma Zone ...................................................................................... 128
Pre-Extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Hand Operated Wet Coffee Pulper in
Wayu Tuka and Digga districts of East Wollega ............................................................ 129
Pre-extension Demonstration of Animal Drawn Wheat Row Planter in Horo Guduru
Wollega and West Shewa Zones ...................................................................................... 130
On-farm Participatory Evaluation and Demonstration of Bako Model Faba bean
Thresher in West Shewa and Horo Guduru Wollega Zones .......................................... 131
On Farm Demonstration and Participatory Evaluation of Selected Farm Implements
(Plough) in Western Oromia ............................................................................................ 132
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Poultry Feed Mixer in Selected Districts of Arsi and
West Arsi Zones ................................................................................................................. 133
Pre-extension Demonstration of Modified Animal Drawn Potato Lifter in Selected
Districts of Arsi zone ......................................................................................................... 134
Pre-extension Demonstration of Top Hammer Miller for Poultry Feed Crusher in the
Selected Districts of Arsi Zone and west Arsi Zones ...................................................... 135
Pre-extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Engine Driven Feed Chopper in the
selected AGP-II districts of Harari region and Dire Dawa city Administration ........... 136
Pre-extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Engine Driven Sorghum Thrasher
Technology in the selected AGP-II districts of Harari region and Dire Dawa
Administration ................................................................................................................... 137
Pre-extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Engine Maize Sheller Technology in the
selected AGP-II districts of Harari region and Dire Dawa Administration .................. 138
Summary of OARI AGP-II large scale demonstration activities conducted in
2019 & the output ______________________________________________________ 139
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CROP RESEARCH
2016/17
Pre-extension Demonstration of Bread Wheat Technologies in Ginnir District, Bale
Zone
Amare Biftu*, Bekele Diriba and Ayalew Sida
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (OARI), Sinana Agricultural Research Center
PO Box-208, Bale-Robe, Ethiopia
*Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Abstract
Participatory on-farm demonstration of bread wheat varieties were carried out with the
objectives of evaluating and selecting the best performed improved bread wheat technologies
under farmers‟ condition and to build farmers‟ knowledge and skill of wheat production and
management packages in Ginnir district of Bale Zone in 2016/17 main cropping season. Ten
host farmers were selected from two wheat growing potential Kebeles (Walta’i Atota and
Aqasha). One FRG/FREG having 20 member farmers were established at each Kebele. Two
improved bread wheat varieties (Bika and Ogolcho) were demonstrated against one standard
check (Dakaba) on plot size of 32 m x 32 m (1024 m2) and replicated across host farmer‟s field.
All recommended agronomic practices were equally applied to all the plots and the fields were
closely supervised and managed well. A total of 176 participants were trained on important
agronomic practices and disease control measures. The varieties were evaluated with a team
composed of researchers, farmers, development agents and experts at maturity stage. Tillering
capacity, disease tolerance, spike length, seeds per spike, plant height, seed color and size, early
maturing, adaptability to their locality, uniformity, crop stand and overall yield were the
selection criteria prioritized by the participants for selecting the best performing variety. Grain
yield of 54.5 qt ha-1, 47.5 qt ha-1and 40 qt ha-1were obtained from Ogolcho, Bika and Dakaba,
respectively. Besides; Ogolcho has 36.25 % and 14.74% yield advantage over Bika and Dakaba,
respectively, & highly preferred by host farmers. Whereas, Bika has 18.75% yield advantage
over Dakaba. Ogolcho ranked first followed by Bika for grain yield and Farmers‟ preferences &
thus both varieties were recommended to scale up/out in Ginnir district and other similar agro-
ecologies of Bale zone.
Key words: Farmers‟ preferences, Farmers Research Extension Group (FREG),
1
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Bread Wheat Technologies in AGP-II
Districts of East and Horro Guduru Wollega Zones
Effa Wolteji*, Berhanu Soboka, Bayisa Gedafa
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (OARI), Bako agricultural Research Center
PO Box-03, Bako, Ethiopia
Abstract
This activity was conducted in Jardaga Jarte, Jimma Rare, Guduru and Jimma Geneti districts
of western Oromia with the objective of demonstrating the recently released bread wheat
varieties, Buluq and Liban, to the farming community. These districts were purposively selected
based on potentiality for bread wheat production. Two potential kebele from each district were
selected on the basis of accessibility and potentiality. One FRG/FREG was established at each
kebele and trained on wheat production and management packages. Three varieties of bread
wheat, Danda‟a (as standard check); Buluq and Liban (as new variety) were planted on 20 m x
10 m adjacent plots across 32 host farmers‟ fields. All recommended agronomic practices were
equally applied to all the plots and the fields were closely supervised and were managed well. At
maturity stage of the crop, the varieties were jointly evaluated with a team composed of
researchers, farmers, development agents and experts. Tillering capacity, disease tolerance,
seeds per spike, plant height, crop stand, overall yield, seed size, lodging resistant, early
maturity, spike length, seed color and threshability were the common identified selection criteria
across all locations for selecting the best performing variety/ies. Danda‟a beat in yield both
Liban and Buluq while Liban has met the set criteria and impressing the farmers; especially in
threshability and resistant to stem rest. With regard to yield, 50.5qt ha-1, 41.2qt/ha and 34.75 qt
ha-1 were obtained from Danda‟a, Liban and Buluq, respectively. Liban variety was
recommended for pre-scaling up in the study area since it is resistant to disease.
Keywords: Bread wheat, FRG/FREG unit; Participatory evaluation
2
Pre-extension Demonstration of Durum Wheat Variety in Bale & W. Arsi Zones
Amare Biftu*, Bekele Diriba, Ayalew Sida
Abstract
Recently released durum wheat varieties (Dirre and Toltu) were demonstrated against one
standard check (Bakkalcha) with participation of farmers and other stakeholders in 2016/17
cropping season in order to enhance the farmers to select the best performing variety/ies. The
demonstration activity was carried out in Adaba and Dodola districts of West Arsi zone and
Sinana, Gassara, Agarfa and Ginnir districts of Bale zone. Two Kebeles from each district were
selected on the basis of accessibility and potentiality. One FRG/FREG having 20 member was
established at each Kebele and trained on durum wheat production and management packages.
The test varieties were planted on adjacent plot size of 32 m x32 m (1024 m2) across 43 host
farmers‟ fields. All recommended agronomic practices were equally applied to all the plots and
the fields were closely supervised and were managed well. Participatory training was given for a
total of 384 participants (300 farmers, 48 DAs and Supervisors, 36 experts and 12 researchers)
on durum wheat production and post-harvest handling practices. Field days were also organized
in representative potential Kebeles on which a total of 470 participants (357 farmers and 113
experts) were attended on the event to show the field performance of the varieties. The varieties
were jointly evaluated with a team composed of researchers, farmers, development agents and
experts at maturity stage. Tillering capacity (fertile tillers), disease tolerance for rusts, spike
length, fertile spikelets, seeds per spike, plant height, lodging resistant, crop stand, seed color
and size (marketable), threshability and overall yield were among the selection criteria set by
farmers across all districts. Agronomic data and yield data were collected and analyzed using
descriptive statistics. With regard to mean yield, 64 qt ha-1, 55.5 qt ha-1 and 50.9 qt ha-1 were
obtained from Dirre, Toltu and Bakkalcha, respectively. Besides, the combined analysis showed
that Dirre has 15.32% and 25.74 % yield advantage over Toltu and Bakkalcha, respectively.
Dirre was also selected by the farmers and thus it is recommended to be scaled up/out in all
demonstration sites and similar agro-ecologies of the study zones.
Key Words: Durum wheat, Farmers‟ preferences, FREG approach
3
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Teff Technologies in AGP- II Districts of
East and Horro Guduru Wollega Zones
Effa Wolteji*, Berhanu Soboka and Bayisa Gedafa

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (OARI), Bako Agricultural Research Center (BARC)
Abstract
This activity was conducted at Gida-Ayana, Wayu-Tuqa, Jarte Jardaga, Guduru and Jimma-
Rare districts of Western Oromia with the objective of demonstrating the released teff varieties
(Kenna and Guduru) to the farming communities. The districts were purposively selected based
on potentiality for teff production. One potential Kebele were selected from each district. One
FRG/FREG was established at each Kebele and trained on teff crop production and
management packages. The two varieties along with one local check were planted on 20 m x10
m adjacent plots on 20 host farmers‟ field. All recommended agronomic practices were equally
applied to all the plots and the fields were closely supervised and were managed well. At
maturity stage of the crop, the varieties were jointly evaluated with a team composed of
researchers, farmers, development agents and experts. Disease tolerance, seed color, lodging
resistant, overall yield, seed size, early maturity, spike length and threshability were the common
selection criteria across all locations. In almost the entire criterion, Kenna and Guduru were
selected by the farmers and met the set criteria than the local check. Mean yield of 15.38 qt ha-1,
13.78 qt ha-1 and 9.33 qt ha-1 were obtained from Kenna, Guduru and local variety, respectively.
Farmers also selected Kenna variety for its yield and other related traits. Besides; Kenna
showed 64.84 % and Guduru had 47.7% yield advantage over the local check. Furthermore; the
technology gap observed from the demonstration yield on Kenna and Guduru were 5.62 and 5.22
quintal less than as it is on- station yield. This means both varieties had performing lesser than
their potential as compared with the on-station potential yield. Therefore, the technology index
(research field yield over the observed yield) recorded for both Kenna and Guduru were 26.76%
and 27.47%, respectively.
Keywords: Teff, FREG, participatory evaluation; technology index
4
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Bread Wheat Technologies in Selected
AGP-II districts of Bale and West Arsi Zones
Amare Biftu*, Bekele Diriba and Ayalew Sida
Abstract
This activity was conducted during 2016/17 cropping season in Adaba and Dodola districts of
West Arsi Zone, and Sinana, Agarfa and Gassara districts of Bale Zone with the objectives of
demonstrating the recently released bread wheat variety (Sannate) to the farming community
and to build farmers‟ knowledge and skill of wheat production and management packages in
these districts. Two Kebeles from each district were selected on the basis of accessibility and
potentiality. One FRG/FREG having 20 member farmers was established at each Kebele and
trained on wheat crop production and management packages. One improved variety (Sannate)
and one standard check (Hidase) were planted on adjacent plot size of 32 m x32 m (1024 m2) on
35 farmers‟ fields. All recommended agronomic practices were equally applied to all the plots
and the fields were closely supervised and were managed well. Participatory training was given
for a total of 324 participants (255 farmers, 40 DAs and Supervisors, 29 experts and 12
researchers) on important agronomic and management practices. Farmers field days were also
organized in representative potential Kebeles on which a total of 466 participants (357 farmers
and 109 experts) were attended on the event. Fertile tillers, tolerance for rusts, spike length,
fertile spikelets, seeds per spike, plant height, lodging resistant, crop stand, seed color and size
and overall yield were the common selection criteria across all locations. Agronomic data and
yield data were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Mean yield of 69.5qt ha-1 and
56.32qt ha-1 were obtained from Sannate and Hidase, respectively. The maximum yield of
Sannate (72 qt ha-1) was recorded in Dodola district where as the minimum yield was recorded
in Adaba district (67 qt ha-1). Besides, the combined analysis showed that Sannate has 23.4 %
yield advantage over Hidase. Thus, Sannate was selected by the farmers, it is recommended to be
scaled up/out in all demonstration sites and similar agro-ecologies of the study zones.
Key Words: Bread wheat, Technology, Farmers‟ preferences, FRG/FREG approach
5
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Food Barley Technologies in AGP-II
Districts of East and Horro Guduru Wollega Zones

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (OARI), Bako Agricultural Research Center
Abstract
The activity was conducted in 2016/17 at Jardaga-Jarte, Guduru and Jimma-Rare districts of
western Oromia with the objective of demonstrating the released food barley variety, HB-1307 to
the farming community. These districts were purposively selected based on potentiality for food
barley production. One potential Kebele was selected from each district. One FRG/FREG was
established at each Kebele and trained on barley crop production and management packages.
The released food barley variety (HB 1307) and one local check were planted on 20 m x 10 m
adjacent plots on 12 trial farmers‟ fields. All recommended agronomic practices were equally
applied to all the plots and the fields were clean & closely supervised. The varieties were
evaluated with a team composed of researchers, Farmers and development agents at maturity
stage. Disease tolerance, tillering capacity, lodging resistant, spike length, seeds per spike, early
maturity and grain yield were the common farmers criteria used across all locations for selecting
the performing variety. HB 1307 were selected by the evaluators with overall mean yield data
32.2 qt ha-1 as compared to local check (16.5 qt ha-1). HB 1307 has 95.15% yield advantage over
the local check and recommended for further pre-scaling up activity in similar agro-ecology of
the study zones in the next season.
Keywords: Food barley, FREG unit; Participatory evaluation, technology gap
6
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Improved Potato Technologies in AGP –II Districts
of Horro Guduru Wollega Zone
Bayissa Gedefa Weyessa and Effa Wolteji

Bako Agricultural Research center,
P O Box 03, Bako West Shoa, Ethiopia, E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tubersom L.) is an important crop for smallholder farmers in Ethiopia, serving
as both a cash and food security crop. The average productivity of the crop both at National and
Regional level is very low as contrasted with the world average yield. Various factors such as
shortage of disease resistant, adaptable and high yielding varieties; appropriate crop
management practices and post-harvest management might have been the major reason for yield
reduction. This activity was conducted during the 2016 main cropping season at Guduru, Jarte-
Jardage and Jimma- Rare district of Horro-Guduru Wollega Zone to evaluate and select the
best the potato varieties suitable to farm condition using farmers selection criteria and to
generate knowledge and information that can contribute for the seed value chain development.
Belete, Horro and Local check varieties were evaluated and demonstrated on 100m2 plots at
each site. In each Kebele one farmer research group (FREG) members comprising of 15-20
farmers were established to evaluate and select the varieties. A total of ten host farmers were
participated on the experiment. Gender and youth balance in each FREG was strictly
considered. Agronomic data and farmer feedback/preference were collected. The collected data
were analyzed through descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and graphs by SPSS
software and described qualitatively. The agronomic result shows that the average yield
harvested from Belete and Horro varieties were 35 ton ha-1 and 25 ton ha-1, respectively. In
addition, participants of farmers research group members were also select those varieties based
on criteria‟s like disease reaction, tuber size, marketability, number of tubers per plant, tuber
color, perishability, yield amount, sweetness and the time taken during catering. According to
other agronomic data result shows that and farmer preference criteria like disease resistant,
high yielder, larger tuber size, marketable, good color and high number of tuber and others,
Belete and Horro varieties were selected as compared to local varieties. Therefore, Belete and
Horro varieties were recommend for further scale up/out for Guduru, Jatre Jardage and Jimma
Rare districts and others area which is similar agro-ecology to the districts.
Keywords: Pre-Extension Demonstration, Farmers Research Extension Groups (FREG)
7
Pre-Extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Improved Sesame Technologies in
Selected AGP-II Districts of East Wollega Zone

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (OARI), Bako Agricultural Research Center
Abstract
This activity was conducted at Diga, Guto-Gida and Gida-Ayana districts of East Wollega zone,
western Oromia with the objective of demonstrating the newly released sesame variety, Chalasa
to the farming community. One potential Kebele was selected from each district on the basis of
accessibility and potentiality. One FREG unit in each Kebele was established & training was
delivered to the FREG units at each district. Three varieties of sesame, Obsa and Dicho (as
standard checks); and Chalasa (as a new variety) were planted on 20 m x 10 m adjacent plots on
12 farmers‟ fields. All recommended agronomic practices were equally applied to all the plots.
At maturity stage of the crop, the varieties were jointly evaluated with a team composed of
researchers, experts, Farmers and DAs. Despite the slight variability in criteria set by farmers at
the respective locations, disease tolerance, number of branches per plant, number of nodes per
plant, inter node distance, capsules per plant, capsule length (cm), height of the first branch
from the ground, early maturity and overall yield were the common selection criteria across all
locations. In almost all of the selection criteria, Obsa was found to beat the recently released
variety (Chalasa) and has met the set criteria, impressing the farmers. With regard to yield,
8.5qt ha-1, 8.12qt ha-1 and 7.44 qt ha-1 were obtained from Obsa, Dicho and Chalasa,
respectively. As the variety has meet criteria and liked, the pre-scaling up activity should follow
the next season. Besides; Obsa and Dicho has 12.47 % and 8.37% yield advantage than
Chalasa, respectively
Keywords: Sesame; FRG/FREG unit; Participatory evaluation; Chalesa, Obsa, Dicho
8
2017/18
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Bread Wheat Technologies in Bale and
West Arsi Zones
Ayalew Sida*, Amare Biftu and Bayeta Gadisa
P.O.Box-208, Bale-Robe, Ethiopia
Abstract
Pre-extension demonstration of recently released bread wheat varieties were carried out in
Adaba and Dodola districts from West Arsi zone, and Sinana, Agarfa, Gassara and Ginnir
districts from Bale zone during 2017/18 main cropping season. The demonstration was
conducted on 11 representative farmers‟ fields with the main objective of demonstrating and
selecting best performing bread wheat variety/ies with its full packages. An improved variety
(Dambal) was demonstrated and compared with one standard check (Sannate) and one farmers‟
variety (Hidase) on a plot size of 20m x 20m. About 160 farmers and 23 experts were
participated on evaluation and selection of the best performing variety. Farmers were
encouraged to select the variety/ies of their interest by their own evaluation criteria. Combined
analysis of variance revealed significant variation among the varieties in terms of number of
fertile tillers per plant; and high significant variation was observed in terms of numbers of seed
per spike. Moreover, Dambal and Sannate varieties had 9.3% and 20.1 yield advantage over
Hidase variety respectively. Pair wise ranking result indicated disease tolerance, high yielding
and high numbers of fertile tillers were the top three important criteria considered by farmers in
variety selection. Sannate variety was selected first due to its disease tolerance, high yielding
capacity, high number of tillers (>10), seeds/spike (>60), good crop stand. Dambal variety was
selected second for its attractive uniformity in the plot, attractive seed color, good crop stand,
resistance to lodging. Therefore, Dambal variety should be further promoted in the study areas
and in similar agro-ecologies as an alternative bread wheat variety.
Key words: Bread Wheat, Dambal, PVS, Varietal Traits, Yield Advantage,
9
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Food Barley Technologies in Bale and
West Arsi Zones
Ayalew Sida*, Bayeta Gadisa and Amare Biftu

Abstract
The study was initiated with the main objective of demonstrating and popularizing recently
released food barley technologies in selected AGP-II districts of West Arsi and Bale zones in
2017. An improved variety Robera was demonstrated and compared with Abdanne (standard
check) and local variety by employing FREG approach. The demonstration was laid out on
simple plot of 20m x 20m replicated on different farmers‟ fields. Analysis of variance showed
significant difference among the demonstrated varieties for number of seeds per spike with the
highest value (54.76) recorded for Robera variety followed by 44.8 and 36.6 for Abdanne and
Aruso varieties, respectively. However, there was no significant difference among the varieties in
terms of average yield. Results of variety trait ranking revealed that yield, number of fertile
tillers and seeds per spike and head length were the varietal traits given priority attention by
farmers to be taken into account in the variety selection. Accordingly, Robera variety was
selected in Sinana and Agarfa districts due to it has high yield, high number of tillers (>8),
seeds/spike (>54), attractive seed color and it has good uniformity. Based on the farmers‟
variety selection result, Robera variety with its recommended production packages is
recommended in areas where it was selected and similar agro-ecologies.
Key Words: Farmers‟ criteria, Food barley, FREG Approach
10
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Faba Bean Technologies in Bale and
West Arsi Zones
Ayalew Sida*, Amare Biftu and Bayeta Gadisa
Abstract
Pre-extension demonstration of faba bean technologies was undertaken in Adaba and Dodola
districts of West Arsi zone and Sinana and Agarfa districts of Bale zone in 2017. The study was
initiated to demonstrate and popularize improved faba bean technologies and select best
performed variety/ies to be scaled up/out in large scale. Recently released variety Mosisa was
demonstrated and compared with one standard check (Moti) and one farmers‟ variety (Shallo)
on a simple plot size of 20m x 20m replicated on different armers‟ fields. The trail was carried
out on nine farmers‟ fields and two Farmer Training Centers (FTCs).The result of descriptive
statistics showed that a mean yield of 38.57, 34.9 and 31.81 qt ha-1 was recorded for Moti,
Mosisa and Shallo varieties, respectively. Moti variety was selected due to it has high yield, high
number of tillers, high pods/plant, high seed/pod, disease tolerant, good plant height, good crop
stand, strong stem, big seed size, good taste. Therefore, Moti variety should be scaled up/out in
the study areas and in similar agro-ecologies.
Key Words: Faba bean, Farmers‟ criteria, Mosisa, Participatory variety selection, Yield.
11
Pre-extension Demonstration of Potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans L.)
Management options in western Oromia
Abraham Negera*, Tilahun Wendimu

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Bako Agricultural Research Center
Abstract
The activity was conducted in Jimma Geneti, Horo and Jimma Rare districts of Western Oromia
in 2016/17 and 2017/18 with the objective of demonstrating the recommended fungicide with its
frequency and time of application for controlling potato late blight. The study districts were
purposively selected based on potentiality for potato production. From each district one kebele
was selected based on production potential and accessibility to the road. One FREG/FREG was
established at each kebele and training was given for the members on potato production,
management and postharvest handling technologies. The recommended late blight management
practice (Matico 1.5 kg ha-1) and farmers practice (without fungicide) were applied on six
farmers‟ fields in 2016/17 and four farmers‟ fields in 2017. Accordingly, the on-farm
demonstration result revealed that application of Matico reduced late blight severity and
increases potato tuber yield. The maximum tuber yield of 340 and 280 qt/ha was recorded in
fungicide applied plots in 2016/17 and 2017, respectively. The severity of diseases was also
found to be low on fungicide applied plots. The increased yield of potato is expected to
substantially increase the income as well as lived hood of the farming community. Therefore,
research organizations should further scale up/out the recommended technology in the study
districts and other similar areas to reach more number of farmers.
Key words: FREG/FREG, Matico, participatory evaluation, Potato late blight

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12
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Pre-extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Melkassa Maize Varieties in
Selected AGP-II districts of Harari and Dire Dawa
AbdulazizTeha,* Nasir Siraj, OromiyaMagersa, IbsaAliyi

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Fedis Agricultural Research Centre,
P.O. Box 904, Harar, Ethiopia
*Corresponding authors E-mail:[email protected]
Abstract
Pre-extension demonstration and evaluation of early maturing maze varieties was conducted in
in 2017 production season with the objectives of promoting and popularizing, creating
awareness, improving farmers‟ knowledge and skills through training and enhancing
stakeholders‟ participation. A total of fifteen (15) trial farmers were selected from two potential
Maize growing kebeles of Dire Dawa Administration and one kebele of Harari Region. Three
FREG having 45 farmers were established at each kebele. Two improved maize varieties
(Melkassa-2 and Melkassa-6) were each planted on a plot sized 40mx40 with replicated on
different farmers‟ fields. Training and field days involving a total of 39 and 107 participants,
respectively were organized at Dire Dawa and Harari Region. The demonstrated maize varieties
were evaluated in terms of time of maturity, yield and disease tolerance. Accordingly, the field
demonstration result indicated that Melkassa-2 variety gave relatively higher (23.6 qt/ha)
followed by Melkassa-6 variety which gave 21.6qt/ha with 9.3% yield advantage over Melkassa-
6 variety. Moreover, participant farmers ranked Melkassa-2 variety first and Melkassa-6 second.
Therefore, both varieties were recommended for further pre-scaling up due to their early
maturity, better yield and disease tolerance compared with the local varieties.
Key words: FREG, participatory evaluation, PED

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13
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Pre-extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Early Maturing Sorghum Varieties
in Selected AGP-II Districts of Harari and Dire Dawa
Abdulaziz Teha,* Nasir Siraj, Ibsa Aliyi, Oromiya Magersa

Abstract
Pre-extension demonstration and evaluation of early maturing sorghum varieties was conducted
with the objectives of promoting and popularizing improved lowland sorghum technologies,
creating awareness, improving farmers knowledge and skills, improving farmers‟ livelihood and
enhancing stakeholders participation. A total of fifteen (15) trial farmers were selected from two
potential sorghum growing kebeles of Diredawa administration council and one kebele of the
Harari region in 2017. Three FREG having 45 farmers was established at each kebele. Three
improved sorghum varieties (Tashale, Misikir and Mako) were planted on the plot sized
40mx40m. Training and field day involving 36 and 101 participants respectively were organized
at Dire Dawa and Harari region. Lowland Sorghum varieties were evaluated based on their
early maturity, yield, Disease tolerance, seed color; seed size and biomass. On average, the
demonstrated varieties; Misikir, Tashale and Mako gave 21.4qt ha-1, 23.3 qt ha and 23.4 qt ha-1
respectively. Mako and Tashale varieties with 9.3% and 8.9% yield advantage over Misikir were
ranked first and second, respectively for their relatively higher yield. However, farmers‟
preferred Meko and Misikir because of their relatively higher feed stalk biomass. Thus, Meko
and Misikir were recommended for further pre-scaling up in the study areas and other similar
agro-ecologies .
Key words: Sorghum, drought tolerant, improved varieties, Diredawa and Harari districts
14
Pre-extension Demonstration of Bread Wheat Varieties at Dugda and Lume
districts
Tesfaye Gemechu, Fiseha Tadese, Hikma Sultan and Urgaya Balcha
Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The activity was conducted in the rainy season 2017 at Dugda and Lume districts, of East shoa
zone, Oromia, Ethiopia with the objectives demonstrating and evaluating the performance of
improved bread wheat varieties along with their management practices under farmers‟
circumstances and raising farmers‟ knowledge and skill on bread wheat production and
management practices. Two improved bread wheat varieties (Ogolcho and Kingbird) were
demonstrated as a follow up of participatory variety selection activity. Sites were selected in
collaboration with respective district agricultural offices based on potential of the area for bread
wheat production. Trainings were given for farmers, Development Agents and experts and other
stakeholders. The Participating farmers were also capacitated through follow up exchange visits
and field days. Recommended seed and fertilizer rate were used for the demonstration trial
establishment. According to the results, a mean yield of 38.61 ± 2.82qt/ha and 39.24 ±
1.54qt/was harvested from ogolcho and kingbird varieties respectively. The two varieties showed
no statistically significant yield difference at p<0.05 in their yield and showed better yield
performance when compared to the farmers‟ variety. To this end, farmers preferred ogolcho as
their first choice for future productions based on their own criteria. Thus, ogolcho variety is
recommended for further scaling up. Yet, kingbird is also an additional variety which can be
used for further scaling up activities in Dugda and Lume districts taking into consideration its
comparable yield and economic return.
Key Words: Bread wheat, Pre-extension Demonstration
15
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Improved Chickpea at Dugda Woreda
Abstract
The activity was conducted in the main cropping season of 2017 at Dugda district of East shoa
zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Improved chickpea variety (Minjar) was used for demonstration as a
follow up of participatory variety selection activity. The objectives were to demonstrate and
evaluate the performance of the variety along with its management practices under farmers‟
circumstances and to raise farmers‟ knowledge and skill on chickpea production and
management practices. Sites were selected in collaboration with respective district agricultural
office experts and development agents. Trainings were given for farmers, development agents
and experts and other stakeholders. The Participating farmers were also capacitated through
follow up exchange visits and field days. Recommended seed and fertilizer rate were used for the
demonstration trial establishment. According to the results, a mean yield of 14.7qt ha-1 was
harvested. In terms of economic return, the results indicated that an average return of
32,710.00Birr obtained from chickpea production in one production season in the study area.
Key Words: Chickpea, Minjar, Pre-extension Demonstration
16
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Improved Food Barley Varieties at Dugda and
Lume districts
Abstract
The activity was conducted in the main cropping season of 2017 at Dugda and Lume districts, of
East shoa zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Two improved food barley varieties (Diribie and Bentu) were
demonstrated as a follow up of participatory variety selection activity. The objectives were to
demonstrate and evaluate the performance of the varieties along with their management
practices under farmers‟ circumstances and to raise farmers‟ knowledge and skill on food barley
production and management practices. Sites were selected in collaboration with respective
district agricultural offices based on potential of the area for barley production. Trainings were
given for farmers, development agents and experts and other stakeholders. The Participating
farmers were also capacitated through follow up exchange visits and field days. Recommended
seed and fertilizer rate were used for the demonstration trial establishment. According to the
results, a mean yield of 26.18 ± 1.96 qt ha-1 and 18.43 ± 1.93 qt ha-1 was harvested from Diribie
and Bentu varieties, respectively. The yield harvested was found to be significantly different
between the varieties at (p<0.05).
Key Words: Food barley, Demonstration, Pre-extension, rift valley
17
Pre-Extension Demonstration and Participatory Evaluation of Improved Sorghum
Varieties: In Case of Kellem and West Wollega Zones
Bilisuma Kabeto*, Hika Tasfa
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Haro Sabu Agricultural Research Center
P.O. Box 10, Haro Sabu, Ethiopia
Corresponding Author Email:- [email protected]
Abstract
Pre-extension demonstration of improved sorghum varieties was carried out in Lalo Asabi, Seyo
and Anfilo districts of Kellem and West Wollega zones during 2017 cropping season with the
objective of evaluating best performing and preferred sorghum varieties under farmer‟s
management condition. Three varieties of sorghum (Chemada, Gemedi and Lalo) were evaluated
with full participation of FREG member farmers under their management condition. Training
was given for farmers and other stakeholders on sorghum production and management. At
maturity stage the varieties were evaluated jointly by farmers, agricultural experts, development
agents and researchers. Seed color, marketability, yield, thresh ability, seed size, stock, lodging,
disease resistance and suitability for home consumption were the selection criteria used by
farmers. Grain yield and lodging percentage were collected and analyzed using descriptive
statistics in order to evaluate the performance of the varieties. Accordingly, the yield obtained
from Chemada, Gemedi and Lalo varieties were 26.88, 29.95 and 35.4 qt/ha respectively. With
regard to lodging percentage the lodging percentage with magnitude of 5.74%, 2.29% and
2.06% was obtained for Lalo, Gemedi and Chemada, respectively. Based on farmer‟s
preference, Chemada and Gemedi varieties were selected to be popularized on large scale on in
the test areas & similar agro ecologies.
Key words: Farmers feedback, Participatory Evaluation, Sorghum.
18
Pre-extension Demonstration and Participatory Evaluation of Improved Bread
Wheat Technologies in Selected AGP-II Districts of East and Horro Guduru Wollega
Zones
*Effa Wolteji, Berhanu Soboka, Bayissa Gedafa and Dubiso Gachano

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Bako Agricultural Research Center, P.O.BOX 03, Bako,
Ethiopia
*Corresponding Author:[email protected]
Abstract
The activity was conducted in Jarte Jardaga, Jimma Rare, Guduru, Jimma Geneti and Gida
Ayana districts of Western Oromia in 2017 with the objective of demonstrating recently released
Bread Wheat varieties, Buluq and Liban with their agronomic recommendations. One potential
PA was selected from each district based on their accessibility and bread wheat production
potential. The two newly released varieties were planted along with the standard check (Senate
variety) on 20m*10m adjacent plots on 32 farmers‟ fields. All recommended agronomic
recommendations were equally applied to all the demonstration plots and the fields were closely
supervised by researchers and development agents (DAs). In all study sites, the standard check
(Senate variety) gave the highest yield (61.25qt ha-1) and also preferred most by farmers
particularly for its higher seeds per plant, threshability and tolerance to stem rust. Therefore,
further scaling up/out of the variety is quite important to reach wider area and more number of
farmers.
Keywords: Bread wheat; pre-extension demonstration, Participatory evaluation
19
Pre-extension Demonstration and Participatory Evaluation of Improved Teff
Technology in Potential AGP-II Districts of East & H/G/ Wollega Zones

Ethiopia
Abstract
The activity was conducted in Gida Ayana, Wayu Tuqa, Jarte Jardaga, Guduru, Jimma Geneti
and Jimma Rare districts of Western Oromia in 2017 with the objective of demonstrating the
recently released teff varieties, Kena and Guduru to the farming community in these districts.
The study districts were purposively selected based on their tef production potential. One
potential PA was selected from each district based on accessibility and tef production potential.
The two recently released tef varieties; Kena and Guduru were planted along with the
commercial check on 20m*10m adjacent plots on 20 farmers‟ fields. All recommended
agronomic practices were equally applied to all the plots and the fields were closely supervised
by researchers and Development Agents (DAs). At maturity stage, the varieties were jointly
evaluated with a team composed of researchers, farmers and DAs. In all the districts, Kena
variety gave better yield (19.25qt/ha) with 126.5% yield advantage over local check followed by
Guduru (17.5 qt ha-1) and the commercial check (8.5qt ha-1). Kena variety was also preferred by
farmers for its better yield, resistance to lodging and diseases and other traits considered.
Hence, further scaling up/put of Kena variety is important to reach wider areas and more
number of farmers.
Keywords: Tef, Participatory evaluation, pre-extension demonstration, Kena, Guduru
20
Pre-extension Demonstration and Participatory Evaluation of Improved Food
Barley Technology in Selected AGP-II Districts of East and Horro Guduru Wollega
Zones
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Bako Agricultural Research Center, P.O.BOX 03, Bako, Ethiopia
Abstract
The activity was conducted in Jarte Jardaga, Jimma Rare, Guduru and Jimma Rare districts of
western Oromia in 2017 with the objective of demonstrating the recently released food barley
variety, HB-1307 to the farming community in these districts. These districts were purposively
selected based on potentiality for food barley production; and one potential PA from each
district were selected on the basis of accessibility and potentiality. After establishing and
training One FREG unit in each PA, two varieties of food barley, Commercial check (as a
check); HB-1307 (as a recently released variety) were planted on 20m*10m adjacent plots on 12
the fields were closely supervised and were managed well. At maturity, the varieties were jointly
evaluated with a team composed of researchers, farmers and DAs. Despite the slight variability
in criteria set by farmers at the respective locations, disease tolerance, seed color, plant Height,
yield, pest resistance, tillering capacity seed Size, lodging resistant, early maturity, spike length,
thrash ability were the common selection criteria across all locations. In almost the criterion,
HB-1307 performed better than the local check and has met the set criteria, impressing the
farmers. With regard to yield, 66.8qt/ha and 37.25qt/ha were obtained from HB-1307 and
commercial check respectively with 79.33 % yield advantage over the commercial check and
putting HB-1307 on the first rank. As the variety has met criteria and liked, the pre-scaling up
activity should follow the next season.
Keywords: Food barley; FREG unit; Participatory evaluation; technology gap
21
Pre-extension Demonstration and Participatory Evaluation of Improved Sesame
Technologies in the Selected AGP-II Districts of East Wollega Zone

Ethiopia
Abstract
The activity was conducted in 2017 at Diga and Guto Gida districts of Western Oromia with the
objective of demonstrating the newly released sesame variety, Chalesa to the farming community
in these districts. These districts were purposively selected based on potentiality for sesame
production. One potential PA from each was selected on the basis of accessibility and
potentiality. After establishing and training One FREG unit in each PA, Chalesa variety was
planted on 20m*10m adjacent plots on 8 farmers‟ fields along with Obsa and Dicho (standard
checks). All recommended agronomic practices were equally applied to all the plots and the
fields were closely supervised and were managed. At maturity, the varieties were jointly
evaluated with a team composed of researchers, Farmers and DAs. In almost all evaluation and
selection criteria, Obsa variety performed better than the recently released variety (Chalasa).
With regard to yield, an average yield of 6.45 qt ha-1, 4.63 qt ha-1 and 5.4 qt ha-1 were obtained
from Obsa, Dicho and Chalesa respectively putting Obsa on the first rank with Obsa having
19.44 % yield advantage over Chalasa.
Keywords: FREG unit, Participatory evaluation, Sesame
22
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Improved Potato Technologies in Western
Oromia
*Bayissa Gedefa, Getachew Biru and Megersa Debela
Ethiopia
Abstract
The activity was conducted during the 2017 main cropping season at Jarte Jardaga, Jimma Rare
and Guduru districts of Horro Guduru Wollega Zones to evaluate and select farmers‟ preferred
potato varieties based on their selection criteria and to create awareness on the importance of
the improved potato technologies. Three potato varieties namely Belete, Horro, and Gudane
were evaluated and demonstrated on 12 farmers‟ fields on a plot sized 100 m2. In each PA, one
FREG unit comprising of 15 farmers were established to evaluate and select the varieties. The
collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and
qualitative narrations. The agronomic result showed that Belete variety performed better in
terms of yield (3950 kg ha-1) followed by Horro variety (2700 kg ha-1). The two varieties were
also preferred by farmers for their resistance to disease, large tuber size, marketability, high
number of tubers per plant, good color and other traits. On the other hand, pair wise ranking of
variety traits revealed that yield potential, disease resistance, tuber size, marketability, color and
number of tubers per plant were the major criteria selected by farmers. Therefore, Belete and
Horo varieties were recommend for further scale up/out in Guduru, Jarte Jardaga and Jimma
rare to reach wider area and more number farmers.
Keywords: Farmers research & Extension Group (FREG), Participatory Evaluation &
Demonstration, Potato
23
2018/19
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Improved Food Barley (Hordeum vulgare L)
Varieties in Dugda and Lume districts, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Tesfaye Gemechu1, Hikma Sultan1 and Urgaya Balcha1

1
Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.Box 35, Batu, Ethiopia
Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
The activity was conducted in 2018 main cropping season at Dugda and Lume districts of East
shoa zone. Two improved food barley vareties (Diribie and Bentu) were demonstrated with the
objective to evaluate for grain yield, yield related traits and farmers‟ perception or preference.
Sites were selected based on barley production potential of the area. Trainings were given for
farmers, development agents, experts, and other stakeholders. Quantitative data such as yield
and economic data was collected and analysed using SPSS and Excel, respectively, whereas
farmers feedback were analysed qualitatively. Recommended seed and fertilizer rate were used
for the demonstration trial establishment. According to the results, mean grain yield of 1882 kg
ha-1 and 2020 kg ha-1 were recerded for Bentu and Diribie, respectively. Thus, Diribie variety is
recommended for further scaling up activities at Dugda and Lume districts taking into
consideration its yield and economic return.
Key Words: Demonstration, Food barley, Pre-extension
24
Pre-extension Demonstration of Bread Wheat Varieties at Dugda and Lume
Districts
Tesfaye Gemechu1, Hikma Sultan1 and Urgaya Balcha1
1
Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Batu, Ethiopia
Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
The activity was conducted in 2018 rainy season at Dugda and Lume districts of East shoa zone,
Oromia, Ethiopia with the objective of demonstrating and evaluating the performance of
improved bread wheat varieties along with their management practices under farmers‟
circumstances and raising farmers‟ knowledge and skill on bread wheat production and
management practices. Two improved bread wheat varieties (Ogolcho and Kingbird) were
demonstrated along with standard check (Kekeba). The varieties were sown using farmers as a
replication on a plot size of 850m2/ variety. Quantitative data such as yield and economic data
was collected and analysed using SPSS and Excel, respectively. Farmers‟ feedbacks were
analysed qualitatively. Accordingly, a statistically significant difference for mean grain yield
was found at Lume while non-significant grain yield differences among the varieties were
observed at Dugda district. The demonstrated varieties performed better at Lume than Dugda
due to the differences in rain availability. Results obtained through direct matrix ranking
showsd that farmers preferred ogolcho as their first choice followed by kingbird for future
productions based on their own criteria. Thus, ogolcho variety is recommended for further
scaling up activities. Yet, kingbird is also an additional variety which can be used for further
scaling up activities in Dugda and Lume districts taking into consideration its comparable yield
and economic return.
Key Words: Bread wheat, Pre-extension demonstration
25
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Durum Wheat Varieties in Bale and
West Arsi Zones
*Bayeta Gadissa1, Ayalew Sida1 and Amare Biftu1
1
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (OARI), Sinana Agricultural Research Center (SARC)
*Email Address of Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Abstract
Pre extension demonstration of improved durum wheat varieties was conducted in Dodola and
Adaba Districts of West Arsi Zone and Agarfa District of Bale Zone. The main objective of the
study was to demonstrate and evaluate recently released (Bulala) variety along with standard
check. The demonstration was undertaken on single plot of 20mx20m area for each variety with
the spacing of 20cm between rows and recommended seed rate of 150kg/ha and fertilizer rates of
100/110kg/ha NPS/UREA. Mini-field day involving different stakeholders was organized at each
respective site. Yield data per plot was recorded and analysed using descriptive statistics, while
farmers‟ preference to the demonstrated varieties was identified using focused group discussion
and summarized using pair wise and simple ranking methods. The demonstration result revealed
that Bulala variety performed better than the standard check (Dire variety) with an average yield
of 4602 kg ha-1, while that of the standard check was 3904 kg ha-1. Bulala variety had 17.27%
yield advantage over the standard check. This variety was selected by farmers. Thus, Bulala
variety was recommended for further scaling up.
Key words: Bulala, Demonstration, durum wheat, Farmers‟ preference
26
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Food Barley Varieties in Bale Zone
*Bayeta Gadissa1, Amare Biftu1 and Ayalew Sida1
1
Abstract
Pre-extension demonstration of improved food barley varieties were conducted at Sinana and
Agarfa districts of Bale zone. The main objective of the study was to demonstrate and evaluate
recently released food barley (Robera) variety. The demonstration was under-taken on demo
plots of 32mx32m area with the spacing of 20cm between rows and recommended seed and
fertilizer rates. Mini-field day was organized at the respective woreda and different stakeholders
were participated, and experiences were shared. Farmers‟ feedbacks were collected through
focused group discussion and during field days. The demonstrated Robera variety gave mean
grain yield of 3350 kg ha-1. Participant farmers were very interested in Robera variety for its
high yield, disease tolerance, adaptability to the environment and good uniformity, good seed
color, high number of seed/spike, good tillering capacity, good crop stand and more resistance
to lodging & thus Robera variety was recommended for further scaling up.
Key words: Demonstration, Farmers‟ preference, food barley, Robera
27
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Faba Bean Varieties in Bale and West
Arsi Zones
*Bayeta Gadissa1, Ayalew Sida1 and Amare Biftu1
1
Abstract
Pre-extension demonstration of improved faba bean varieties was carried out at Adaba district
of West Arsi zone and Sinana and Agarfa districts of Bale zone using one recently released
improved variekgty. The main objective of the study was to demonstrate and evaluate improved
faba bean varieties. The demonstration was under taken on a demonstration plot of 32m x 32m
area with the spacing of 40cm between rows and using recommended seed rate of 180 kg ha-1
and fertilizer rate of 100 kg ha-1 NPS. Mini-field day was organized across test site on which
different stakeholders were participated and experiences were shared. Yield data per plot was
recorded and analysed using descriptive statistics. The demonstrated improved faba bean
variety, Moti, gave a mean yield of 3926 kg ha-1. Moreover, the participant farmers liked the
variety for its high yield and other qualities. Thus, it is important to further scale up/out the
variety in all demonstration sites and similar agro ecologies.
Key words: Demonstration, Farmers‟ preference, faba bean, Moti variety
28
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Improved Kabuli type Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum
L) Varieties in Ginnir district of Bale zone
*Bayeta Gadissa1, Amare Biftu1 and Ayalew Sida1
1
Abstract
Pre-extension demonstrations of improved Kabuli type chick pea varieties were conducted in
Ginnir District of Bale Zone. The main objective of the study was to demonstrate and evaluate
recently released (Harbu and Dhera) varieties. The demonstration was under taken on single
plot of 20mx20m area for each variety with the spacing of 30cm between rows and recommended
seed rate of 140kg/ha and fertilizer rates of 100kg/ha NPS. Yield data per plot was recorded and
analysed using descriptive statistics, while farmers‟ preference to the varieties was identified
using focused group discussion and summarized using pair wise and simple ranking methods.
The demonstration result revealed that Habru variety performed better than Dhera variety with
an average yield of 2550 kg ha-1 and 20.5 kg ha-1, respectively. Habru variety had 24.39% yield
advantage over Dhera variety. Habru was selected by participant farmers at Ebisa kebele.
Similarly, Dhera was selected by farmers at Lobocha Kebele. Therefore, these varieties are
recommended for further scaling up.
Key words: chick pea, Demonstration, Farmers‟ preference
29
Pre-extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Onion Varieties in Selected AGP-II
Districts of Harari Region and Dire Dawa City Administrative Council
Ibsa Aliyi * Abdulaziz Teha, Oromiya Magersa, Bedasso Urgessa, Kibrat Ketema
Abstract
The research activity was conducted at Dire Dawa and Harari Region with the objective of
demonstrating and evaluating the best performed onion varieties in 2017/2018. The farmers
selected the varieties based on their own criteria such as dry bulb yield, diseases tolerance, leaf
color, leaf arrangement, bulb size, maturity, bulb shape. Based on the above criteria‟s; farmers
evaluated the varieties and ranked Nasik Red followed by Bombay Red across locations.
Accordingly, trial farmers interested in producing Nasik red and Bombay Red varieties. The
yield of the preferred varieties were 22.3 and 22.9 ton/ha at Wahil, but the mean grain yield
across location was and 22.2 and 22.5 ton/ha, respectively
Key words: Bombay Red, Demonstration, Nasik Red, Onion
30
Pre-extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Potato Varieties in Selected AGP-II
Districts of Harari Region
Badaso Urgessa*Abdulaziz Teha,Oromiya Magersa, Ibsa Aliyi,Kibrat Ketama
Abstract
Pre-extension demonstration and evaluation of potato varieties with the objectives of promoting
and popularizing best performing potato varieties, creating awareness, improving farmers‟
knowledge and skill were conducted in the production season of 2017/2018. A total of fifteen (15)
trial farmers were selected from two potential potato growing kebeles of Harari Region. Two
FREGs having 30 farmers were established at each kebele.Two improved potato varieties, Bubu
and Gudane and one local variety were planted on a plot of 40mx40m per variety. Trial farmers
were used as replication. Training on which a total of 38 participants took part were also
organized at Harari Region. Potato varieties were evaluated based on their tuber size yield,
storability and disease tolerance. Agronomic data and yield data were collected and analyzed
using descriptive statistics. Based on the yield data (23.8 ton/ha) and (23ton/ha) compared to
local check (15.3 ton/ha) were obtained from Bubu, Gudane and local varieties, respectively.
Bubu and Gudane have 55.56 % & 50.32 % yield advantage over local check, respectively.
Thus Bubu ranked first by tuber yield, Gudane second and both varieties are recommended for
scaling up
Key words: Bubu, Gudane, Demonistration
31
Pre-extension demonstration and evaluation of tomato variety in selected AGP-II
districts of Harari region
Abdulaziz Teha,* Oromiya Megersa, Ibsa Aliyi, Badaso Urgessa,Kibrat Ketema
Abstract
The activity was conducted during the 2017/18 main cropping season at Harari Region to
evaluate and select farmers‟ preferred tomato variety based on their selection criteria and to
create awareness on the importance of improved tomato technologies. One improved tomato
variety, Melka shola, was evaluated and demonstrated on 40 farmers‟ fields on a plot sized 1600
m2 along with the local check. In each kebele, two FREGs comprising of 15 farmers were
established to evaluate and select the better variety. The result showed that Melka shola variety
performed better in terms of fruit yield (22.8 ton/ha). Melka shola variety was preferred by
farmers for its resistance to disease, medium fruit size, marketability, high number of fruit per
plant and pear shape.Therefore, Melka shola variety was recommended for further scale up/out
in Harari Region.
Key words: Demonstration, Harari Region, Melka shola
32
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Bread Wheat Technology in selected
AGP-II Districts of East & Horro Guduru Wollega Zones
Effa Wolteji*, Dubiso Gacheno and Berhanu Soboka
*Corresponding Author, [email protected]
Abstract
This activity was conducted in Jarte Jardaga, Jimma Geneti, Jimma Rare, Guduru and Gida
Ayana districts of western Oromia with the objective of demonstrating the recently released
Bread Wheat varieties, Senate and Liban to the farming community in these districts. Two
potential PAs from each district were selected on the basis of accessibility and potentiality for
wheat production & management. After selecting and establishing FREG unit in each PA
training was provided. Then after, two varieties of bread wheat, Liban as a recently released
variety along with Senate; as standard check were planted on 20m*10m adjacent plots on 20
the fields were closely supervised and were managed well. At maturity, the varieties were jointly
evaluated with a team composed of researchers, Farmers and DAs. Despite the slight variability
in criteria set by farmers at the respective locations, yield ,disease tolerance, seed color, plant
height, pest resistance, tillering capacity, seed size, lodging resistant, early maturity, spike
length, thrash ability were the common selection criteria across all locations. In almost all the
locations, Senate beat Liban both in yield and the criteria set for evaluation; except seed color,
and impressing the farmers; especially spike length, number of seeds per spike and tillering
capacity. With regard to yield, 57.90 qt/ha and 52.40 qt/ha were obtained from Senate and
Liban, respectively putting Senate on the first rank. Besides, Senate has 10.50 % yield advantage
over Liban. Furthermore; in terms of profitability, financial analysis result of the study also
showed that using Senate variety can make more profitable than Liban. Therefore, as the variety
has met the intended criteria of the farmers the pre-scaling up activity should follow next season.
Keywords: Bread wheat, FREG unit, Participatory evaluation
33
Pre-extension Demonstration of improved Tef Technology in selected AGP-II
districts of East & Horro Guduru Wollega zones
Effa Wolteji* and Dubiso Gacheno

Abstract
This activity was conducted in Gida Ayana, Wayu Tuqa, Jarte Jardaga, Guduru and Jimma Rare
districts of western Oromia with the objective of demonstrating the newly released teff variety
Dursi against Kena and Guduru to the farming community in these districts. These districts were
purposively selected based on accessibility and potentiality for teff production. One potential PA
from each district were selected based on the aforementioned criteria. After selecting and
establishing the FREGs, training was provided across the districts. Then after, one variety,
Dursi (a newly released variety) as well as Kena and Guduru (as standard checks) were planted
on 20m*10m adjacent plots on 20 farmers‟ field. All recommended agronomic practices were
equally applied to all the plots and the fields were closely supervised and were managed well. At
maturity, the varieties were jointly evaluated with a team composed of researchers, Farmers and
DAs. Despite the slight difference in criteria set by farmers at the different locations; yield,
disease tolerance, seed color, plant height, pest resistance, tillering capacity, seed size, lodging
resistant, early maturity, spike length, were the common selection criteria across all locations. In
almost the entire criterion Dursi exceed the standard checks and has met the criteria of the
farmers. With regard to yield, 18 qt/ha, 15 qt/ha and 13 qt/ha were obtained from Dursi, Guduru
and Kena; respectively putting Dursi on the first rank. Dursi gave yield advantage of 20 % and
38.46 % than Guduru and Kena, respectively. ANOVA table and mean yield comparison (t-test)
results showed as there is highly significant difference at (p˂0.05) among the varieties
demonstrated. Financial/ profitability analysis result of the study also showed that using Dursi
variety can make farmers‟ more profitable than Guduru and kena. As the variety has met the
intended criteria of the farmers, the pre-scaling up activity should follow the next season.
Keywords: FREG unit, participatory evaluation, Tef
34
Pre-extension Demonstration of improved Soybean technology in selected AGP-II
districts of West Shewa and East Wollega zones
Effa Wolteji* and Dubiso Gacheno

Abstract
This activity was conducted in Bako Tibe and Wayu Tuka districts of western Oromia with the
objective of demonstrating soybean varieties such as Katta and Korme againest Didessa as
standard check. These districts were purposively selected based on accessibility and potentiality
for Soybean production. These varieties were planted on 20m*10m adjacent plots on 8 farmers‟
field. All recommended agronomic practices were equally applied to all the plots and the fields
were closely supervised and properly managed. At maturity, the varieties were jointly evaluated
with a team composed of researchers, Farmers and DAs. Despite the slight variability in criteria
set by farmers at the respective locations, the major selection criteria includes disease tolerance,
seed color, yield, seed Size, number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant & early maturity.
Accordingly, Katta was found high yielder than others and met the intended criteria of the
farmers. Grain yield of 23.75qt/ha, 19.44 qt/ha and 15qt/ha were obtained from Katta, Didessa
and Korme; respectively. Besides, Katta showed 22.17 % yield advantage over Didessa. ANOVA
and mean yield comparison (t-test) analysis showed significant difference (p˂0.05) among the
varieties demonstrated. Profitability analysis showed that using Katta variety can make farmers‟
more profitable than Korme and Didessa & therefore, the pre-scaling up activity should follow
next season.
Keywords: FREG, participatory evaluation, soy bean, yield advantage
35
Pre-extension Demonstration of improved Food Barely technology in selected
AGP-II districts of Horro and East Wollega Zones

Abstract
This activity was conducted in Jarte Jardaga, Jimma Rare, Guduru and Gida Ayana districts of
western Oromia with the objective of demonstrating food barley variety, HB-1307 to the farming
community. These districts were purposively selected based on potentiality for food barley
production; and one potential PA from each district were selected. After establishing and
training one FREG unit in each PA, two varieties of food barley, commercial check and HB-
1307 were planted on 20m*10m adjacent plots on 16 farmers‟ fields. All recommended
agronomic practices were equally applied to all the plots and the fields were closely supervised
and managed well. At maturity, the varieties were jointly evaluated with a team composed of
researchers, Farmers and DAs. Disease tolerance, seed color, plant Height, yield, pest
resistance, tillering capacity seed Size, lodging resistant, early maturity, spike length, thrash
ability were the common farmers selection criteria across all locations. In almost the entire
criterion HB-1307 exceed the local check and has met their criteria. With regard to yield, 43.44
qt/ha and 24.86 qt/ha were obtained from HB-1307 and commercial check, respectively.
Therefore, HB-1307 variety has met the intended criteria of the farmers, & thus recommended
for pre-scaling.
Keywords: Food barley, FREG, selection index
36
Pre-extension demonstration of improved Sesame technology in selected AGP-II
districts of East Wollega zones
Abstract
This activity was conducted in Diga and Guto Gida districts of Western Oromia with the
objective of demonstrating the newly released sesame variety, Walin to the farming community in
these districts. One potential PA was selected from each district on the basis of accessibility and
potentiality. After establishing and training one FREG unit in each PA, three varieties of sesame,
Obsa and Chalesa (as standard check); and Walin (as a new variety) were planted on 20m*10m
adjacent plots on 8 farmers fields. At maturity, the varieties were jointly evaluated with a team
composed of researchers, Farmers and DAs. In almost all of the selection criteria, Walin was
better than the other varieties (Chalasa and Obsa). With regard to yield, 8.45qt/ha, 6.35qt/ha
and.4.86 qt/ha were obtained from Walin, Obsa, and Chalasa, respectively. Besides, Walin has
33.07% and 73.87% yield advantage over Obsa and Chalasa; respectively. Furthermore;
ANOVA table and mean yield comparison (t-test) analysis showed significant difference at
(p˂0.05) among the varieties demonstrate. In terms of profitability, financial analysis result of
the study also showed that using Walin variety can make farmers‟ more profitable than Obsa
and Chalasa.
Keywords: FREG unit, Sesame, Yield Advantage
37
2019/20
Pre-extension demonstration of improved faba bean varieties in highlands of East
Guji Zone, Southern Oromia, Ethiopia
*Girma Amare, Dembi Korji and Basha Kebede
Oromia Agricultural Research institute (IQQO), Bore Agricultural Research Canter. P.O.BOX
21, Bore, Ethiopia
Abstract
The activity was conducted in 2019 main rainy season at Bore, Dama and Ana Sora districts of
East Guji zone, Oromia, Ethiopia with the objective of evaluating yield performance of improved
faba bean technologies under farmers‟ circumstances, assessing farmers‟ perception or
preference and raising farmers‟ knowledge and skill on faba bean production and management
practices. Two Kebele per district were selected based on faba bean production potential and 15
farmers were selected from each Kebele as one FREGs member. Thus, a total of 6 FREGs
comprising 90 farmers (64 male & 26 female) were established. One improved faba bean
variety (Alloshe) was demonstrated with standard check (Walki) on plot size of 100 m 2 area per
variety at 40 cm inter- and 10 cm intra- row spacing and with recommended seed and fertilizer
rates. Human capacity building was provided such as through training, exchange visit and field
day to enhance farmer to farmer learning on faba bean production. Observation, measurement
and face to face interview were employed to collect the data and the collected data were
analyzed by descriptive statistics and farmer‟s preference was analyzed qualitatively. The
demonstration result revealed that improved variety and standard check were almost
comparable average grain yield which gave 4060 kg ha-1 and 3960 kg ha-1, respectively. Thus,
based on grain yield obtained, farmers‟ preference and economic return of both varieties are
recommended for further scaling up/out.
Key Words: Demonstration, faba bean, Farmers‟ preference, FREGs.
38
Cluster Based Pre-Scaling Up Of Improved Irish Potato Variety at Highland
Districts of East Guji Zone, Southern Oromia
*Dembi Korji, Basha Kebede and Girma Amare
Oromia Agricultural Research institute (IQQO), Bore Agricultural Research Canter. P.O.BOX
21, Bore, Ethiopia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Irish potato of Gudane variety was proved to be high yielder and disease tolerant than any Irish
potato varieties demonstrated at Bore Agricultural Research Centre. Therefore, Cluster based
pre- scaling up of Irish potato was conducted at two districts of East Guji Zone, Bore and Ana
Sora in 2019. The main objective of the study was to promote improved Irish potato variety and
thereby increase production and productivity and income of the farmers in the study area and
similar agro- ecologies. One Kebele per district was selected based on their potential to produce
Irish potato. FREG approach was followed to implement pre scaling up process. Consequently,
12 farmers of gender inclusive were clustered as FREG at each trial sites owing three hectors of
land, each farmer contributing 0.25 hector. In total, 24 farmers (17 male & 7 female were
benefited scaling up). Training was given farmers, Development agents, subject matter
specialists and different stakeholders. Recommended seed and fertilizer rates, row between
space and plant were used with all management practices. Diffused Light Storages were
constructed at both study sites. Joint monitoring and evaluation were organized and undertaken.
Field day was also organized on which different stakeholders participated and experience
shared. Quantitative data such as yield was collected and analyzed using SPSS whereas farmers‟
feedbacks were analyzed qualitatively. A mean yield of 14.9 tons hectar-1 was obtained. The
technology has paramount importance in improving livelihood of farmers as more yields could
be harvested. Hence, Bureaus of Agriculture and Natural Resource of respective districts should
hand over to sustain the technology and reach more number of farmers and wider geographical
areas of similar agro ecologies. Securing agro chemicals in advance, early planting and
construction of Diffused Light Storage are highly recommended.
Key words: Cluster based pre scaling up, Diffused Light Storage, FREG approach, Gudane-
variety


39
Cluster Based Pre-Scaling Up of Improved Chickpea Varieties at Adola Rede
District of East Guji Zone
*Dembi Korji, Girma Amare and Basha Kebede
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Bore Agricultural Research Canter. P.O.BOX 21, Bore,
Ethiopia
♦Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Farmers of the study area have no experience to cultivate Chickpea, probably due to lack of
improved chickpea varieties & no on farm demonstration was conducted to create demand.
Therefore, cluster based pre scaling up of improved chickpea variety (Habru) was carried out at
Adola Rede district, East Guji Zone in 2019. The main objective of the study was to Promote
improved chickpea variety and thereby increases production and productivity and income of the
farmers in the study area and similar agro ecologies. Two peasant associations were selected
based on their potential to produce chickpea. FREG approach was followed to implement pre
scaling up process. Consequently, 12 farmers of gender inclusive were clustered as FREG at
each trial sites owing three hectares of land, each farmer contributing 0.25 hectare. Trainings
were given for farmers. In total, 24 farmers (16 male & 8 female were benefited scaling up).
Development agents, subject matter specialists and different stakeholders were participated on
field day & field visit. Recommended seed and fertilizer rates, row between space and plant were
used with all management practices. Joint monitoring and evaluation were organized. Field day
was organized on which different stakeholders participated and experience was shared.
Quantitative data such as yield was collected and analyzed using SPSS whereas farmers‟
feedbacks were analyzed qualitatively. In spite of the pest infestation at the flowering and pod
setting stages and prevalence of little rainfall, a mean yield of 1.19 tons ha-1 was obtained which
is promising and very important in improving livelihood of farmers. Therefore, this technology
should be sustained for more popularization. Agro chemicals in advance to avoid pest
infestation, planting at early September to escape from drought occurrences should be given due
emphasis
KEY WORDS: Cluster based Pre scaling up, FRG approach, Habru variety,
40
Pre-extension demonstration of improved sesame varieties in Harari
National Regional State
Ibsa Aliyi* Abdulaziz Teha, Badaso Urgessa, Oromiya Megersa,Kibrat Ketema

*Corresponding authors E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
The activity was conducted during the 2019 main cropping season at Sofi district of Harari
Region to evaluate and select farmers‟ preferred sesame variety and to create awareness on the
importance of improved sesame technologies. Two improved sesame variety Obsa and Dicho
were evaluated and demonstrated on 10 farmers‟ fields on a plot sized 100 m2 along with the
local check. One FREG comprising of 15 farmers (10 male & 5 female) was established to
evaluate and select the better yielding variety. The yield performance of the improved varieties
(Dicho, Obsa and local) were 385 kg ha-1, 365 kg ha-1 and 273 kg ha-1, respectively. The yield
obtained has statistically significant difference at 1% probability level between improved and
local variety. Obsa and Dicho varieties were preferred by farmers for its high yielding, disease
tolerant & seed color. Therefore; both Obsa and Dicho varieties were recommended for further
scale up/out in the study area and similar agro-ecologies.
Key words: Demonstration, Dicho, Sesame, Obsa
41
Pre-extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Melkassa Maize Varieties in
selected AGP-II districts of Harari region and Dire Dawa Administration
Abdulaziz Teha * Bedasso Urgessa, Ibsa Aliyi,Kibrat Ketema, Oromiya Magersa

Abstract
Pre-extension demonstration and evaluation of early maturing maze varieties were conducted
with the objectives of promoting and popularize improved melkassa maize varieties. A total of
twenty (20) trial farmers were selected from two potential Maize growing kebeles of Dire Dawa
administration council (Bishan Bahe PA) and one from Harari region (Dodota PA). Three
FREGs having a total of 45 farmers (37 male & 8 female) were established at each kebele. Two
improved maize varieties (Melkassa-2 and Melkassa-6) were planted on the plot of 20mx20m.
Training was given to a total of 142 participants and farmers‟ field day was organized
participating 63 farmers. Melkassa maize varieties were evaluated based on their early maturity,
yield, disease tolerance and cob size. The yield performances of the improved varieties
(Melkassa-2 and Melkassa-6) were 3210 and 2905 kg ha-1 at Dodota; 2689 and 2602 kg ha-1 at
Bishan Bahe, respectively. Although the average yield performance of melkassa-2 was somewhat
higher than melkassa-6, both varieties were preferred by farmers and recommended for further
scaling up in the test locations and similar agro-ecologies.
Key words: Demonstration, Maize, Melkassa-2, Melkassa-6
42
Pre-extension Demonstration and Evaluation of early maturing sorghum varieties
in the selected AGP-II districts of Harari region and Dire Dawa Administration
*Abdulaziz Teha, Ibsa Aliyi, Bedasso Urgessa, Oromiya Magersa, Kibrat Ketema
Abstract
Pre-extension demonstration and evaluation of early maturing sorghum varieties were
conducted with the objectives of promoting and popularize improved lowland sorghum
technologies and to create awareness through giving training and enhance stakeholders‟
participation in 2019. A total of fifteen (15) trial farmers were selected from two potential
sorghum growing kebeles of Dire Dawa administration council and one from Harari region. Two
FREG having 30 farmers (21 male & 9 female) were established. Two improved sorghum
varieties (Melkam and Dekeba) were evaluated on the plot of 20m x 20m. Training on which a
total of 78 participants took part were organized at Dire Dawa Administration council. Lowland
Sorghum varieties were evaluated based on their early maturity, yield, disease tolerance, seed
color, seed size, biomass, and stalk and food test. The yield performances of the improved
varieties (Melkam and Dekeba) were 2658 and 2644 kg ha-1 at Dodota, 2824 and 2678 kg ha-1 at
Bishan Bahe, respectively. The average yield performance of Melkam was slightly higher than
Dekeba at both locations but statistically no significant difference between two improved
varieties across the locations. Therefore, Melkam variety was preferred well and better to
promote for further production in wider area.
Key words: Dekeba, Demonstration, Melkam, Sorghum
43
Demonstration and Evaluation of Double Cropping Practice (Legume followed by
Sorghum crop) in Selected AGP-II Districts of Harari Region and Dire Dawa
Administrative Council
Abdulaziz Teha *Bedasso Urgessa, Ibsa Aliyi, Oromiya Magersa,Kibrat Ketema

Abstract
Pre-extension demonstration and evaluation of double cropping practice was conducted in 2019
to promote and popularize improved double cropping technology and create awareness and
enhance stakeholders‟ participation. Two FRGs having 30 farmers (24 male & 6 female) were
established at each kebele. A total of ten (10) trial farmers were selected from Dire Dawa
administration council and Harari region. Improved varieties of common bean (KATB-1 and
Batu) and sorghum (Melkam and Local) were replicated on the plot size of 10mx10m. Training
was given for 41 participants and field day was organized at Dire Dawa and Harari region
comprising 74 participants. The yield performance of the improved varieties (Batu, KATB-1,
Melkam and Local sorghum) were 1213, 1343, 3191 and 2657 kg ha-1 at Sofi, and 1213, 1366,
3196 and 2647 kg ha-1 at Wahil, respectively. Batu, KATB-1 and Melkam combination was
preferred by farmers as they harvest twice a year with reasonable yield and it is batter to be
promoted on wider area and larger number of farmers. The double cropping practices was
preferred as it diversify the crop, more yield obtained per unit area, shorter crop cycle, better to
cope up the dry spell, efficient use of land, reduce risks of striga and bird infestation and
therefore should be scaled up in the study area and similar agro-ecologies.
Key words: Demonstration, Double cropping, Sofi and Wahil
44
Cluster-based pre-scaling up of improved Tomato variety in selected AGP-II
districts in Harari Region: farmers’ livelihood improvement perspectives
Ibsa Aliyi Usmane* Abdulaziz Teha Umer, Badaso Urgessa Wakene, Oromia Megersa Gelana
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Fadis Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box, 904,
Harar
Author‟s E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Small-holder farmers‟ livelihoods basically depend on agricultural products and other related
activities. Cluster-based pre-scaling up of improved tomato technologies (Malka shola variety)
was conducted in 2018/2019 in two kebeles (Kile and Dodota) of Harari region. The objectives
were to scale up the improved tomato technologies so as to increasing production and
productivity of the crop & improve the livelihood smallholder farmers. For this cluster-based
pre-scaling up, the total participated farmers were 100 (60 male & 40 female) from land
preparation to marketing of their products. An average of 17.25 tons ha-1 yield of Malka shola
variety was produced under irrigation in the study area. During this cluster-based pre-scaling
up implementation, the shortage of seed supply, disease occurrence, and non-frequent advices
from immediate local development agents and ups and down of market price were raised by
farmers as challenges. Therefore, all responsible stakeholders including GOs & NGOs should
strengthen their linkage to solve those multiple problems.
Key words: Cluster based pre-scaling, Livelihood, Tomato
45
Pre-Scaling up of Improved Maize Varieties in selected AGP-II districts of Harari
region and Dire Dawa administration.
Bedasso Urgessa*, Abdulaziz Teha, Oromiya Megersa, Ibsa Aliyi, Hussein Abseno
Abstract
Despite the large area under cultivation, the average yield of maize per hectare is low. Limited
access to improved maize varieties is among the contributing factors for low productivity.
Popularization of better performing maize varieties are important to solve these problems.
Therefore, this study was undertaken to enhance the productivity of maize through pre-scaling up
of early maturing and high yielding maize varieties with improved management practices at
Harari region and Dire Dawa administration with the support of AGP-II fund. It was conducted
in 2019 at Wahil from Dire Dawa and at Dodota as well as Kile from Harari region through
cluster approach in order to effectively demonstrate the potential impact of the technology and
also to enhance farmers‟ access to relevant information. A total of 90 Farmers (70 male and 20
female) were selected based on their interest, land ownership, willingness to share experiences
for other farmers and clustered according to their land adjacent to each other. Melkassa-2 and
Melkassa-6 were provided to farmers with full packages. Each variety was planted on a plot size
of 50m x 50m per farmer, with seed rate of 25kg ha-1 and 75cm by 25cm space between row and
plant, respectively. Likewise, fertilizer (NPS) was applied with rate of 100 kg ha-1. Training and
field day were organized as a means to facilitate uptake of technologies as well as to enhance
diffusion of technologies through farmers and to evaluate the performance and final outputs of
the varieties and share the lessons with different stakeholders. As a result, awareness was created
and production and productivity of beneficiary farmers were improved. An average yield of 27.2
qt ha-1 was obtained. Therefore, it is better if respective bureau of agriculture and natural
resource take the responsibility to exert their effort for wider scaling up of the technologies.
Keywords: Cluster based Pre-Scaling up, maize
46
Cluster Based pre-scaling up of Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) Varieties at
Dugda district East Shoa Zone
Tesfaye Gemechu, Urgaya Balcha and Hikma Sultan

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Adami Tulu Agricultural research center
Corresponding author email: [email protected]
Abstract
Cluster based pre-scaling up of bread wheat varieties was conducted at Dugda district of East
Shoa zone, Oromia, Ethiopia in 2019 production season with objective of demonstrating farmers
preferred bread wheat varieties in a large-scale cluster approach. A total of 13 farmers
contributed a total of 10ha for the activity. The farmers were organized using cluster approach
into two clusters, each with 5ha of land. Before planting, class room trainings and stakeholder
workshop were conducted to all involved parties on the overall activity implementation approach
as well as bread wheat production and management. Accordingly, a total of 148 participants
attended the training. Two varieties namely Ogolcho and Kingbird were sown on the two
clusters separately. Proper agronomic management practices were applied by the farmers. Yield
data was collected and the result indicated that Ogolcho gave higher yield 44.25 ± 3.90
compared to king bird variety 34.11 ± 1.98. In terms of profitability 45,939.00 ETB and
31,743.00ETB per hectare was found for Ogolcho and Kingbird at the time of harvesting using
farm gate price, respectively. Generally, both varieties performed better in-terms of yield and
profitability in large scales. Thus, further promotion and wider extension works are
recommended on these varieties at Dugda and similar agro ecologies.
Key words: Large scale demonstration, Pre-scaling up
47
Cluster-based pre-scaling up of improved Barley technologies in Horro and Jimma
Rare Districts of Horro Guduru Wollega zone.
Kifle Degafa1, Chemeda Birhanu1*, Girma Chemeda1, Megersa Debela1, Hailu Feyisa1, Geleta
Gerema1
PO Box-3 Bako-Shoa, Ethiopia
Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Abstract
Barley varieties adaptation conducted from 2007 to date indicated that no food barley variety
was found better than HB-1307 in terms of yield, adaptability, and disease reaction in western
Oromia. The potential of this variety for yield and disease reaction has made the variety highly
preferred by the farmers. This activity was initiated to popularize improved barley technologies
for smallholder farmers in two selected AGP- II districts and to strengthen the knowledge and
skills of farmers on barley production technologies and management practices. Two districts
(Horro and Jima Rare) were selected from Horro Guduru Wollega zone and one cluster on each
of the district was established. Each cluster comprises five hectares of land and a total of 16
male farmers have participated. Those participant farmers were trained on issues of cluster
based seed production system, agronomic practices and crop management issues before the
commencement of actual work. Barley seed, fertilizer and agrochemicals and training were
delivered by Bako agricultural research center researchers and Farmers mostly participated in
land preparation, sowing, weeding, and harvesting. All necessary agronomic practices for
Barley production were applied as deemed necessary in a similar fashion on all farmers' plots.
Averagely, 4.5 tons ha-1 of seed yield was produced which is higher from the national and
regional average. In addition to yield increment, farmers were well aware of good agronomic
practices. Although the variety is old currently no variety is better than HB-1307. Therefore, it
needs to be further popularized until new variety will be released and recommended for these
areas.
Keywords: Agronomic practices, Cluster based pre-scaling up, HB-1307
48
Cluster-based pre-scaling up of improved Finger millet varieties in east Wollega
zone districts, western Oromia
Chemeda Birhanu
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Bako Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 03, Bako,
Oromia, Ethiopia
Abstract
The average yield of finger millet is low in Ethiopia due to different production constraints such
as limited availability of improved varieties, limited adoption of the available technologies, blast
diseases and threshing problem. In western Oromia, farmers used local varieties due to lack of
formal seed delivery systems in the zones and also lack of improved recommendation packages.
This activity was initiated to scale up and popularize full packaged improved finger millet
varieties in finger millet production potential districts of east Wollega zone in 2019. Three
districts (Boneya Boshe, Wayu Tuka, and Gida Ayana) were selected from East Wollega zone
and a total of 6 clusters were established. Pre-scaling up of the crop conducted on 22 ha of land
and 80 farmers (53 male and 27 female) were included in the cluster. Those participant farmers
were trained on issues of cluster seed production system, agronomic practices and crop
management before the commencement of actual work. Finger millet seed, fertilizer and
agrochemicals and training were delivered by Bako agricultural research center and farmers
mostly participated in land preparation, sowing, weeding and harvesting. All necessary
agronomic practices for Finger millet production were applied as deemed necessary in a similar
fashion on all farmers' plots. Gudatu variety was produced at Wayu Tuka district, Bako-09 was
produced at Gida Ayana and Gute variety at Biloboshe district. The average yield obtained from
Gute variety was 2.25 tons ha-1 followed by Bako-09 variety (2.035 tons ha-1 and least for Gudetu
variety (1.738 tons ha-1). Therefore, scaling-out of the variety with full production packages
should be carried by district extension agents for similar agro-ecological areas through
establishing and strengthening seed producer Cooperatives.
Keywords: Agronomic practices, Cluster based pre-scaling up
49
Cluster-based pre-scaling up of improved wheat technologies in western Oromia:
Horo Guduru Wollega and East Wollega Zones
*Geleta Geremew, Chemeda Birhanu, Kifle Degafa, Girma Chemeda*, Megersa Debela, Hailu
Feyisa,
Oromia, Ethiopia
Abstract
Wheat is the most widely grown crop in the western Oromia although production levels have not
met the demand due to several factors. Improved varieties cover only a small fraction of the total
area occupied by wheat and small effort has made in popularizing and scaling up of improved
bread wheat varieties. The study was conducted to increase production and productivity of wheat
through participatory popularization and pre-scaling up, and strengthen the skill of farmers on
wheat technologies that led to its potential production. Pre-scaling up of two bread wheat
varieties, Liban and Senate, has been done at three zones of western Oromia in 2019. A total of
147 farmers (128 Male & 19 Female) were addressed in ten kebeles and six districts of western
Oromia. Sites and farmers were selected purposively based on potential production of the
commodity and other criteria. The total area addressed for pre-scaling up of wheat was about 81
hectares, out of which, Liban and Senate varieties covered 16 and 65 hectares, respectively. This
work has been done in collaboration with different teams mainly researchers, extension agents
and farmers. All farm activities were done by the farmers with technical support from
researchers and extension agents. Extension services such as technical advice, inputs supply and
training were delivered. Field day was also organized for farmers and other stakeholders to
create awareness. Yield and disease data, and the farmers‟ perceptions and interest were
collected. As a result, Liban variety showed better performance for grain yield and disease
reaction across all test locations. The Average yield obtained for Liban variety was 5.07 tons ha -
1
and 4.59 tons ha-1 from Horro and Hababo Guduru, respectively. Low to moderate steam rust
reaction (MR-MS) was recorded for Liban variety. Senate showed high yield performances at
Jimma Rare (5.82 tons ha-1) followed by Horro (4.52 tons ha-1) and Guduru (4.3 tons ha-1),
however was severely affected by Fusarium head blight across the tested areas. Therefore,
scaling out of Liban varieties for the wider community over locations should be strengthened and
conducted by government sectors and non-governmental organizations for sustainable
improving the productivity of the crop.
Keywords: Cluster based pre-scaling up, training, wheat
50
Cluster-based pre-scaling up of improved Rice technologies in south west Oromia
Kifle Degafa, Girma Chemeda*, Megersa Debela, Hailu Feyisa, Geleta Gerema
Oromia, Ethiopia
Abstract
Rice is considered as the “Millennium Crop” and expected to contribute to pledging food
security in Ethiopia. The aim of the study was popularizing the best performing rice variety on
large scale through cluster approach pre-scale up and to strengthen the skill of farmers on rice
production technologies. The activity was conducted at Cheweka Woreda, south west Oromia,
where there is a high potential for upland rice production. The total area addressed for pre-
scaling up of rice production was about 15 hectares and Chewaka rice variety was used for the
targeted study areas. Two cluster sites and farmers were selected from Jagan kebele purposively
based on the potential production of the commodity and other criteria. A total of 30 farmers (18
Male and 12 Female) were participated. Farm activities were carried out by the farmers with
close supervision of researchers and extension agents. Extension services such as technical
advice, inputs supply and training were delivered and organized for the farmers. Yield, disease
data and farmers‟ perceptions and interests were collected. As a result, the average yield
obtained from both clusters was 3.72 tons ha-1. Moderate reaction to blast and low reaction to
brown spot were recorded. Therefore, scaling up of Chewaka varieties for the wider community
over locations should be strengthened and conducted by government sectors and non-
governmental organizations for sustainably improving the productivity of the crop.
Keywords: Cluster based pre-scaling up, training, Rice
51
Cluster-based Per-scaling Up of Tef Technologies through Community Based Seed
Multiplication in Horo Guduro Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Kifle Degafa, Girma Chemeda*, Megersa Debela, Hailu Feyisa, Geleta Gerema
Abstract
The activity was initiated during 2019 main season with the objective of popularizing and
disseminating recently released improved tef variety with full recommended and management
packages in potential tef growing districts of Horo Guduru wollega Zone. Horro Bulluk, Hababo
Guduru, Guduru and Jimma Rare districts were selected based on their potential for Tef
production. The trainings were offered to 60 farmers and other stakeholders on tef production
recommended packages. A total of 41 (38 male and 3 female) farmers from 4 districts
participated in the cluster-based seed multiplication and 187.5kg (15 ha) Dursi and 200kg
Guduru (16 ha) seeds were distributed for sowing. The spacing of 20cm between rows with
recommended seed rate of 12.5 kg ha-1 and fertilizer rate 100/50 kg NPS and Urea was applied,
respectively. After 20 days of planting 0.4 lt ha-1 Pallas 45-OD was applied for the weed control.
Field days and field visits were organized which comprise farmer, agricultural expertise,
researchers and higher officials. A total of 449 participants were attended and were attracted to
the stand of the two varieties in terms of plant height, disease, lodging tolerance and grain yield.
The overall grain yield of Dursi and Guduru tef varieties in 3 districts (Hababo Guduru, Guduru
and Jimma Rare) was 2400 kg ha-1 and 1600 kg ha-1, respectively. The feedback showed that
Dursi variety is highly accepted by the farmers due to its yield performance and other agronomic
traits and needs focus for further scaling up with its recommended full packages.
Keywords: cluster-based per scaling-up, recommended packages
52
Cluster-based pre-scaling up of improved soybean technologies in Bako Tibe,
Wayu Tuka and Boneya Boshe districts, western Oromia
Alemayehu Dabessa*, Adane Arega and Kifle Degefa

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (IQQO), Bako Agricultural Research Center (BARC)
Abstract
Cluster based pre-scaling up of improved soybean technologies were practiced in Bako Tibe,
Wayu Tuka, Boneya Boshe and Chewaka districts in 2019 main cropping season with the
objectives to popularize improved soya bean technologies for smallholder farmers in selected
AGP-2 districts, strengthen linkages among key stakeholders in soya bean value chain, establish
community based seed production and marketing scheme, and facilitate farmers improved seed
exchange and marketing access, strengthen knowledge‟s and skills of farmers on soya bean
technologies production and management practices and provide recommendations to farmers in
community-based soybean seed production. Two soybean varieties (Korme and Dedessa) were
used for the study. Korme variety was planted at Wayu Tuka and Chewaka clusters while
Dedessa variety was planted at Bako Tibe. A total of 61 (42 male & 19 female) farmers were
participated across all districts. The technical skills of these cluster groups on soybean seed
production were improved through practical demonstrations, field days and trainings. The
cluster groups were supplied with high quality source seed of soybean varieties by Bako
Agricultural Research Center. A total of 11.16 tons of korme soybean variety was harvested from
Wayu Tuka cluster. The yield obtained from Chewaka cluster ranges from 1.0 tons ha-1 to 2.4
tons ha-1 and estimated total yields of 15.925 tons were harvested. Similarly, 4.0 tons of soybean
grain was harvested from Bako Tibe. Thus, scaling-out of Dedessa and Korme varieties should
be carried by districts extension office for similar agro-ecological areas through strengthening
seed producer Cooperatives.
Keywords: Cluster approach, seed system, soybean variety, sustainability
53
Cluster-based pre-scaling up of improved sesame technologies in Buunnoo
Beddellee Zone: The case of Chewaka district
Alemayehu Dabesa*, Teshome Gutu and Fayera Takele

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (OARI), Bako Agricultural Research Center (BARC),
Abstract
Sesame seed is one of the oilseed crops grown for export purpose in Ethiopia. Cluster based pre-
scaling up of improved sesame technologies were practiced in Chewaka district with the
objectives to popularize improved sesame technologies for smallholder farmers in the district, to
establish community based seed production and marketing scheme, to facilitate farmers to
farmers seed exchange, to strengthen knowledge‟s and skills of farmers on sesame production
and management practices and provide recommendations to farmers in community-based
sesame seed production. A total of 9 farmers were participated per one cluster on sesame
production. The technical skills of these cluster groups on sesame seed production were
improved through practical demonstrations and trainings. The cluster groups were supplied with
quality seed of sesame variety, walin, by Bako Agricultural Research Center. A total of 1700 kg
of sesame seed was harvested from Chewaka cluster. On average, the estimated yield of sesame
was 560 kg ha-1. The variable sesame yield was recorded among the farmers due to variable
plant population, soil fertility and high shattering problem of the crop during harvesting. The
cluster approach has proven to be a successful sesame seed production model under potential
sesame production ecosystem that has improved the production and supply of good quality of
sesame seeds.
Keywords: Cluster approach, seed system, walin variety
54
Cluster-based pre-scaling up of improved Hot Pepper technologies in East Wollega
Zones: The Case of Bilo Boshe and Wayu Tuka Districts, Oromia
Abreham Negera
Abstract
Hot pepper is one of the most important spice crops widely cultivated around the world for its
pungent flavor and aroma. In Ethiopia, hot pepper is the most widely cultivated vegetable crops. It is
being cultivated as cash crop for its high price compared to other crops. Farmers of the selected districts produce
different types of local hot peppers and the released varieties such as Bako local, Mareko fana and Oda haro.
However, each variety has its own drawbacks such as susceptible to various diseases, poor quality and some of them
are low yielder. However, farmers in the project area are preferred to produce Marako Fana variety for its high
market demand. Therefore, Marako fana variety which has high demand by the consumers and high market price
were selected and produced in cluster approaches. This activity was conducted in 2 districts having one cluster each.
A total of 14 (8 male and 6 female) voluntary farmers having 4 ha (2 ha from each cluster) of land were selected.
Marako fana variety seeds were provided for each farmer; seeds were sown and seedlings were managed on their own
plot of lands with the support of DAs, researchers and Woreda expertise. All agronomic recommendations and crop
management practices were implemented according to the recommendation. Mini-field day was organized with the
support of AGP-II and Bako agricultural research centre. Farmer’s during mini-field day and interviews revealed
that production of hot pepper using improved variety of Marako fana with full agronomic recommendation are given
high dry pod yield and quality dry pod. About 1350 kg ha -1 of dry pod yield was produced in average even though
it differs by location and farmers. Therefore, scaling-out of the variety with full production package should be
continued by the district extension agents for similar agro-ecologies & seed producer Cooperatives should be
established and strengthened.
Keywords: Clustering based pre-scaling up, Marako Fana, mini-field day
55
Pre-Extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Soybean Technologies (Glycine
max L. Merrill) in West and Kellem Wollega Zones
Hika Tesfa*, Demeksa Umer
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Haro Sabu Agricultural Research Center, Kellem
Wollega, Ethiopia.
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) is the most important legume worldwide due to its versatile
uses as a human food, animal feed and its role in soil amelioration. By considering the
importance of the crop, the study was designed to create awareness on soybean technologies, to
evaluate yield performance of soya bean technologies and enhance the skill and knowledge of
farmers in soya bean production and management practices. The trial was carried out during
2019 cropping seasons in one kebele from both Dale Sedi and Seyo districts of Kelem Wollega
and two kebeles of Lalo Asabi district of West Wollega zone. One improved variety of soybean
(Nyala) and Didesa (standard check) were evaluated and the best fit variety was selected with the
participation of FREG members. To conduct this study, four (4) FRG which consists of seventy-
nine (79) member farmers (58 male and 21 female) were established/strengthened. The spacing
of 40cm and 10cm between plants and rows were used, respectively. The trial was conducted on
gross area of 625 m2. Plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seed per plant, biomass
yield, seed size, early maturity and grain yield was recorded to evaluate the performance of the
varieties. Analysis of variance was done to see the variation among varieties across districts and
the combined analysis of the four districts was done. The mean grain yield of Didesa was 2780
kg ha-1 which is relatively higher than the mean grain yield of Nyala (2367 kg ha-1). That means,
Didesa showed 17.44% yield advantage over Nyala variety. Farmers were enhanced to evaluate
the technology using their awn criteria. Accordingly, they selected Didesa variety as their first
choice for its grain yield, number of pods per plant, biomass yield and Nyala variety secondly by
its merits of seed size (large) and early maturity. Therefore, the newly introduced and evaluated
Nyala variety failed to be disseminated and popularized in larger scale.
Key words: Demonstration, Farmer’s preference, Participation Soybean
56
Pre-scaling up of Finger millet Technologies in West and Kellem Wollega Zones
Demeksa Umer*, Hika Tesfa
Wollega, Ethiopia.
Abstract
Finger millet is one of the neglected and underutilized crops of Africa. It is extensively cultivated
in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of Africa and India and is known to save the lives of poor
farmers from starvation at times of extreme drought. Therefore, the study was designed to
promote and disseminate improved variety of Finger millet in the study area. The operational
sites of the study were Guliso district from West Wollega zone, whereas Dale Sedi and Dale
Wabara districts from Kellem Wollega zone during the 2019 cropping season. Selection of
farmers was made purposively based on their representativeness of the majority of farmers, their
interest in carrying out the recommended management practices, land ownership and other
important socio-economic variables. The total of 475 kg of Bako-09 variety was distributed to a
total of fifty-five (55) farmers and each participant farmer was given the seed which cover 0.25
ha of land. In an attempt to create wider interest and awareness, field days were attended by
Woreda agricultural and rural development office heads, experts, researchers, DAs and farmers.
During field day, a total of 80 farmers (64 male and 16 female) and a total of 59 experts (53 male
and 6 female) have attended. An average production of 2853 kg ha-1and a total of 39228 kg of
finger millet grain yield was harvested. Finally, farmers’ feedbacks concerning technology were
collected and incorporated. According to their feedback Bako-09, variety of finger millet has
greater yield advantage and productivity to their locally owned variety. However, they also
criticized that the limited capacity of the center to address the majority of farming community in
the study areas. Hence, the Woreda Agricultural Office in collaboration with Zonal Agricultural
Office and Agricultural Unions should hold the turn to scale up the technology in wider scale.
Key Words: Farmer’s feedback, Finger millet, Participation, Pre-scale up
57
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Malt Barley Varieties in Bale and West
Arsi Zones
*Bayeta Gadissa and Amare Biftu
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (IQQO), Sinana Agricultural Research Center
(SARC), P.O.Box-208, Bale-Robe, Ethiopia
Abstract
Pre-extension demonstration of improved Malt barley varieties was conducted in Sinana and
Agarfa districts of Bale Zone and Dodola district of West Arsi Zone. The main objective of the
study was to demonstrate and evaluate recently released (Moata) variety along with standard
check. A total of 6 FREG comprising 102 farmers (60 Male & 42 Female) were established. The
demonstration was undertaken on plot of 10mx10m area for each variety with 20 cm row
spacing, recommended seed rate of 120 kg ha-1 and fertilizer rate of 100/50 kg ha-1 NPS/Urea.
Mini-field day involving different stakeholders was organized at each respective site. Yield data
per plot was recorded and analysed using descriptive statistics, while farmers‟ preference to the
demonstrated varieties was identified using focused group discussion and summarized using pair
wise ranking methods. The demonstration result revealed that Moata variety performed better
than the standard check (IBON 174/03 variety) with an average yield of 3.423 tons ha-1 and
2.796 tons ha-1, respectively. Moata variety had 22.42% yield advantage over the standard
check. Furthermore, this variety was selected by farmers. Thus, Moata variety was recommended
for further scaling up.
Key wards: Malt barely, FREG, Pre-extension demonstration
58
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Common Bean Varieties in Potential
Districts of Bale Zone
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (IQQO), Sinana Agricultural Research Center
(SARC), P.O.Box-208, Bale-Robe, Ethiopia
Abstract
Pre-extension demonstration of improved Common Bean varieties were conducted in Ginnir and
Goro districts of Bale Zone. The main objective of the study was to demonstrate and evaluate
recently released (Wabero) variety along with standard check. The demonstration was conducted
on plot of 10m x 10m with row planting of 40 cm, recommended seed rate of 100 kg ha -1 and
fertilizer rate of 100 kg ha-1 NPS. Mini-field day involving different stakeholders was organized
at each site. Yield data per plot was recorded and analysed using descriptive statistics, while
farmers‟ preference to the demonstrated varieties was identified using focused group discussion
and summarized using pair wise ranking methods. The demonstration result revealed that
Wabero variety performed better than the standard check (Awash 2 variety) with an average
yield of 2.04 tons ha-1 and 1.77 tons ha-1, respectively. Wabero variety had 15.15% yield
advantage over the standard check. Furthermore, this variety was selected by farmers. Thus,
Wabero variety was recommended for further scaling up.
Key word: Common Bean, Pre-extension demonstration
59
(SARC)
Abstract
Pre-extension demonstration of improved Common Bean varieties was conducted in Ginnir and
recently released (Gobu) variety along with standard check. The demonstration was conducted
farmers‟ preference was assessed using focused group discussion and summarized using pair
wise ranking methods. The demonstration result revealed that Gobu variety performed better
than the standard check (Nasir variety) with an average yield of 1.78 tons ha-1 and 1.47 tons ha-1
respectively. Gobu. variety had 21.2% yield advantage over the standard check. Furthermore,
this variety was selected by farmers. Thus, Gobu variety was recommended for further scaling
up.
Key word: Common Bean, Pre-extension demonstration
60
Abstract
Pre-extension demonstration of improved Common Bean varieties was conducted in Ginnir and
recently released (Doyo) variety along with standard check. The demonstration was conducted
farmers‟ preferences were identified following focused group discussion and summarized using
pair wise ranking methods. The demonstration result revealed that Doyo variety performed
better than the standard check (Brown Speckled variety) with an average yield of 2.235 tons ha-1
and 1.793 tons ha-1, respectively. Doyo variety had 24.65% yield advantage over the standard
check. Furthermore, this variety was selected by farmers. Thus, Doyo variety was recommended
for further scaling up.
61
LIVESTOCK RESEARCH
2017/18
Pre-extension demonstration of oat-vetch mixtures in to cereal dominated
cropping system of Bale and West Arsi Zones
Ayalew Sida*, Bayeta Gadisa and Amare Biftu

Abstract
Pre-extension demonstration of the two set oat-vetch mixture was undertaken in Sinana and
Agarfa districts of Bale Zone in 2017. The trial was carried out by demonstrating and comparing
the mixture of oat and vetch with sole cropping of the two crops. Accordingly, the treatments
were mixture of Banabas and Lalisa (mixture of late oat and vetch, respectively), mixture of
Bonsa and Gabisa (mixture of early oat and vetch, respectively), Sole Bonsa, Sole Bonabas, Sole
Gabisa and Lalisa Sole. The mixture was carried out with the rate of 80:30 kg/ha for oats and
vetch. Each treatment as mixture and sole was sown on selected farmers‟ land on plot area of
10m x 10m in main (Bona) of 2017 cropping season. The results indicate that the highest
average seed yield (41.7 qt ha-1) was observed from sole Bonsa followed by the early set
(mixture of Bonsa and Gabisa) with average seed yield of 28 qt ha-1. Both high seed yields were
obtained in Agarfa district. The lowest seed yield was obtained from lelisa sole (2.5 qt ha-1) at
Sinana district. Furthermore, Mini- field days was organized on which about 37 farmers and
four (4) experts were participated. On the event, participant farmers actively discussed on the
compatibility, feasibility and advantages of the treatments. Accordingly, Biomass yield,
palatability, early maturity, vigor, weeds tolerance and seed yield were identified as the most
important farmers‟ selection criteria. Ranking of treatments were done on a scale of 1-5, 1 being
very good and 5 being very poor. Among the demonstrated forage technologies, mixture of
Bonsa with Gabisa (mixtures of early oat with early vetch, respectively) was selected by
participant farmers due to it has high biomass yield, palatability and early maturity. Therefore,
based on the preference of participant farmers it is a paramount important to scale up/out the
selected set (the mixture of Bonsa and Gabisa) in the study areas.
Key Words: Biomass, Demonstration, Farmers‟ criteria, Palatability
62
Demonstration of Improved management of F1 cow for farmers around Meki area
for livelihood improvement
Estefanos Tadesse and Girma Chalchisa

Corresponding author: e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Demonstration of F1 cows was done with farmer‟s research group (FREG) comprising of eight
participating farmers in Bekele Gressa kebele of Dugda district in 2016 & 2017. The distribution
was done when they were 7 month pregnant heifers, with the objective of improving farmer‟s
livelihood through improving milk production. Training was delivered to the participating
farmers on how to feed and manage the cross bred cows. The result of the survey conducted
before the commencement of the demonstration activity indicated that the average milk yield of
local cattle in the study area was 1.06± 0.15 lit/cow/day. The on farm average milk yield for the
F1 demonstrated crossbred cattle in the study area was found to be 6.55±0.048 lit/cow/day for
the year 2016 and 6.59±0.06 lit/cow/day for the year 2017, respectively. This in turn had positive
impact on the income diversification and fulfilling protein requirement of the household, and
thus livelihood improvement.
Key words: F1 cross breed heifers, FREG
63
Participatory evaluation and demonstration of improved forage crop varieties for
smallholder farmers in selected districts of West Arsi and East Shoa zones
Dawit Abate
Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia
E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
The activity was conducted at two selected kebeles of AGP-II districts; Dugda and Dodola with
the objectives of evaluating the performances of improved forage crops with farmers‟
participation and demonstrating their production and utilization practices in 2016 & 2017.
Accordingly, two Farmers Research and Extension Groups (FREGs) having 18 members were
established at Dugda, Bekele-Girisa kebele and FREGs with 16 members were established at
Dodola, Deneba kebele. Theoretical and practical training on improved forage production and
utilization was given for FREGs, district livestock experts and development agents. Among the
groups, 5 farmers who have accessible land for forage production were selected as trial farmers
at each site. Land area with a size of 100m2 was used for establishment of each forage varieties.
At Bekele-Girisa site the forage varieties evaluated includes; vetch, Rhodes grass, Napier grass,
alfalfa, cowpea and lablab while at Deneba kebele different oat varieties; CI-8251, CI-8237, CI-
8235, Bonabas and Bonsa were evaluated. Farmers‟ ranked their preferred forage type
according to their selection criteria. The major selection criteria they considered when choosing
their preferred forage variety type were herbage yield, seed yield , maturity period, tolerant to
moisture stress, applicability in area of land shortage and resistant to disease and pests. Ranking
of varieties were done on a scale of 1-5, 1 being very poor and 5 being very good. Accordingly,
at Bekele-Girisa site, the result of farmers‟ evaluation indicated that cowpea obtained the
highest total score followed by lablab and Rhodes grass. Most of the participant farmers
appreciated the performances of cowpea and lablab especially with regards to herbage and seed
yield, earliness for its maturity, tolerance to moisture stress and their suitability for
intercropping with maize. Early maturing forage varieties were preferred by the groups since the
rainy season is very short and moisture stress is one of the challenges in the area. Since
farmland is very scarce in the kebele, most farmers prefer forage varieties that can be under
sown with maize. At Deneba site, farmers selected Bonsa oat variety as the best fodder oats as
compared to the other varieties. Farmers choose this oat variety mainly due to its herbage yield,
seed yield, free from disease and tolerance to lodging. Bonabas variety was the second best
preferred by the farmers group because of its herbage yield, its tiny stem and other parameters.
Generally, the performances of the evaluated forages were differing from farmers to farmers
land due to variation in management and other edephic factors such as soil fertility. The most
preferred forages should be further distributed for the groups and other farmers in the area as
well. Efforts also needed in organizing farmers groups for further promotion of forage
technologies, market linkage of forage seeds so that the smallholder farmers can generate
additional income from sale of forage crops.
Key words: Forage varieties, FREGs, Participatory
64
Pre-extension and Demonstration of Improved Lablab purporeous Technology in
Selected AGP-II Districts of West Shewa and East Wollega Zones of Oromia
Mekonnen Diribsa*, Abuye Tulu, Waqgari Keba, Warku Temesgen and Gutu Fekeda
Oromia, Ethiopia
Abstract
The demonstration work was conducted in four Agricultural growth program (AGP II) supported
districts; Boneya Boshe, Wayu Tuka and Diga from East Wollega and Bako Tibe from West
Shewa zones in 2017 to evaluate, demonstrate and popularize Lablab purporeous varieties on
farmers‟ fields through participatory approaches. One representative potential peasant
association (PA) was selected purposively from each district based on forage production
potential and accessibility for field monitoring and visit. Farmers‟ selection was done based on
interests of farmers in forage production, ownership of suitable land, willingness and ability to
perform cultural practices as per recommendation and gender equality. One farmers‟ research
group (FREG) comprising of 16 farmers was established in each PAs of which four are trial
farmers and the rest are participant farmers. Training was given for farmers, DAs and experts.
After training, two recently released Lablab purporeous varieties; Gebis-17 and Beresa-55 were
planted on 20 m * 10 m adjacent plots. Farmers‟ participatory evaluation was conducted in all
the study sites. Accordingly, data generated from demonstration plots showed that on average
Gebisa-17 variety had performed better giving herbage DM yield of 11.86 ton ha-1follwed by
Beresa-55 which gave 9.32 ton ha-. However, in terms of seed yield, Beresa-55 variety had
performed better (22.44 Qt ha-1) compared to Gebisa-17 which gave19.84 Qt ha-1. Therefore,
further scaling up/out the two improved Dolichos lablab varieties in the study areas and other
places with similar agro-ecologies in collaboration with other stakeholders is quite important.
Keywords: Farmers’ research group, Herbage dry matter, Lablab purporeous
65
Demonstration of Concentrate Based Goat Fattening Technologies at Lume and
Dugda Districts of East Shawa Zone
Mieso Guru, Ashabir Worku, Tesfaye Alemu Tucho and Aman Gudeto
Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia
Abstract
The study was carried out at Lume and Dugda districts of East Show Zone located on the way to
Adama and Batu town, respectively to demonstrate and compare effects of supplementation of
wheat bran mixed with noug cake, or Cotton seed cake mixed with wheat bran with different
proportion and to introduce and transfer those promising goat fattening technologies to
smallholder farmers from January to march of 2018. The farmers were selected purposely based
on their traditional goat and cattle fattening practice and organized in FREG. Two AGP kebeles
per district were selected based on numbers of goat flock and their interest on goat or cattle
fattening. A total of six FREG group (three per districts) consisting of 15 members of farmers
considering gender were established. Trainings were given to the FREG member farmers on
concept of concentrate based cattle and small ruminant fattening and how to utilize locally
available animal feed resources. Nine members of FREG farmers contributes two yearling male
goat while the lead farmers contribute three or four goats to be fattened at one specific site, so
that about 60 goats were fattened per district. Supplements consisted of 50% wheat bran, 49%
noug seed cake and 1% mineral supplement (Ration 1) fed to the animals at five sites and
supplement with 65% wheat bran and 35% cotton seed cake ( Ration 2) was fed at one site. The
supplements were offered at 2.5% of live body weight based on the nutrient requirement of
animals. The supplemental feed was given to the animals half in the morning and half in the
afternoon after eight hour grazing in the day time. The result of the study revealed that initial
body weights were 16.79 gm and 16.23 gm while final body weight were 22.69 gm (SE=0. 42)
and 23.21 gm (SE= 0.40) and average daily weight gain were 98 and 116 gm with (SE= 8.0).
IBW was similar among the rations at all FREG groups in all the six sites in both districts while
FBW was grater for Ration 2 (P<0.05) at final experimental days. The difference between return
from animal sale and supplement cost were 403.2 and 569.7 birr per animal for ration 1 and
ration 2, respectively. In conclusion, based on average daily gain and the greater concentration
of metabolizable energy in cotton seed vs. noug cake, energy appeared relatively more limiting
to performance than protein. Supplementation of goats with available byproduct feed stuffs
offers a means of achieving marketable body weight and profit with suboptimal grazing
conditions.
Key words: Demonstration, Final Body Weight (FBW), Initial Body Weight (IBW)
66
Pre-extension Demonstration of Fish-Poultry-Horticulture Integration Farming
System in Dugda and Yaya Gulele Woreda
Daba Tugie, Derribew Hailu and Megerssa Endebu

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (IQQO), Batu Fishery and other Aquatic Life Research
Center, P.O.Box 229, Zeway
*Corresponding Author: Daba Tugie, [email protected]
Abstract
Fish-poultry-horticulture integrated farming system is a method of diversified food production to
combat nutritional insecurity at small scale farmers‟ level under low cost and new to Ethiopia.
Demonstration of the integrated farm was conducted at two different districts, Yaya Gulele, a
high land at altitude of 2,650 m.a.s.l and Dugda, lowland within central rift valley at altitude of
1650 m.a.s.l. The experiment was conducted in 2017/18 with the objective of evaluating, and
demonstrating this integration technology. In each selected sites of the districts, one FREG
having 12 member farmers considering gender participation was established. Earthen fish pond
of 81 m2 at Nono Chemeri Kebele of Yaya Gulele Woreda and 71 m2 at Bekele Girisa Kebele of
Dugda Woreda were prepared and stocked with three fish species; Nile tilapia, common carp
and African catfish. Simultaneously rearing poultry and horticulture farms were conducted as
components of the integration. Thirty and 26 Egg producing Lohmman brown type pullets were
used in the integration at Yaya Gulele and Dugda districts, respectively to produce egg and
fertilize fish pond and then vegetable farm. Large disparity was observed in yield of all the
products. Fish Daily Growth Rate (DGR/g) was 0.16 and 0.68 for Nile tilapia 0.28 and 0.65 for
common carp and 0.60 and 0.60 for African catfish at Yaya Gulele and Dugda, respectively.
Peak egg production in poultry were March at Yaya Gulele (82.4% of the chicken lay egg daily)
and in July at Dugida (84.5%). Nile tilapia, Common carp and Catfish attained in 300 rearing
days an average weight at Yaya Gulele and Dugida were 108.30 and 183; 88.93 and 224.61 and
152.25 and 205.80 g, respectively. The stocked chickens started laying eggs at the age of 5
months. By feeding commercial poultry feed, in average a hen in Yaya Gulele and Dugida
districts laid 18 and 20 eggs per month, respectively. At Yaya Gulele/Nono Chemeri,
Tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum) Galila variety, Adama Red Onion (Allium cepa), Gurage
Cabbage(Brassica oleracea) and Carrote were cultivated total on 497m2 area plot while on
Dugida/Girisa Tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum) Galila variety, Adama Red Onion (Allium
cepa) and Gurage Cabbage(Brassica oleracea) was cultivated total on 344 m2 plot. The
horticulture production were estimated in the experimental plots and extrapolated to hectare‟s
production. The products from the integrated farms were sold to market and also consumed at
home by the family members. The consumed products were also estimated in terms of money to
estimate the profitability of the farms as a source of income. At the experimental plot sample
level, the profit obtained at Dugda, the lowland was 6,030.45 birr while that of Yaya Gulale, the
highland was 2,201.0 birr. When this production is extrapolated to a hectare of tilapia pond
which is about 125 fold of the current experimental ponds, the profit becomes at a level of
750,000 birr at Dugda, in the lowland and 275,000 birr at Yaya Gulele, in the highland.
Moreover, the products are diversified and gear towards nutritional security at subsistence
farmers‟ level.
Key Words: Fish-horticulture-poultry-integration, pre-extension demonstration

67
Pre extension Demonstration of Improved Plastic Milk Churner Technology
Estefanos Tadesse and Girma Chalchisa
Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia
Abstract
Demonstration of improved plastic milk churner was conducted at Deneba of Dodola district
and Tullu Boke of Kofele District of west Arsi zone in 2017/18. One farmers research extension
group (FREGs) comprising twenty women farmers were organized in each district. Farmers
having cross bred animals were given priority on the assumption that cross bred animals
produce larger amount of milk than the local and the second emphasis was on those farmers
having 2-or more local milking cows at the time of FREG member selection. The result indicated
that milk churner required 41.03±0.59 min and 46.5±0.54 min to churn 5.3 lit of sour milk in
Deneba and Tullu Boke kebeles, respectively. The butter yield was found to be 301.53±10.33 gm
and 303.00±10.32 gm from the same amount of sour milk in Deneba and Tullu Boke,
respectively. Participating farmers believed that the demonstration of improved plastic milk
churner enabled boys to participate in milk churning activity in the study area.
Keynotes: Milk churner, pre-extension demonstration
68
Pre-extension Demonstration of Napier Grass Silage on Lactating Crossbred Dairy
Cows in selected AGP-II Woreda of West Oromia
Tesfaye Mideksa, Mekonnen Diribsa, Yohannis Kejela, Dereje Bekele, Tesfaye Marsha,
Habtamu Abera, Megersa Debela, Getachow Biru and Werku Temesgen
Bako Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 03, West Shoa, Bako, Oromia, Ethiopia
Abstract
A study was conducted at East Wollega zone of Guto Gida district to create awareness on the
importance of the Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) silage among the rural farmers and to
enhance the farmers‟ knowledge and skill on the technology usage in 2016 & 2017. It also aimed
to evaluate the feeding value of Napier grass silage as basal diet in comparison with locally
produced feeds on milk yield of crossbred dairy cows. Sixteen dairy cows (Horro X Friesian)
were used for the experiment. All the cows were drenched with broad-spectrum anti- helminthics
(Albendazole 500 mg) prior to the start of the experiment. The experiment was carried out with
full participation of FREG farmers. Farmers were participated in the selection of best performed
feeding options. Mean daily milk yield of crossbred dairy cows feed on Napier grass silage and
locally produced feeds differed significantly between treatments (P<0.01); cows fed Napier
grass silage produced more milk yield than those feed locally produced feeds. Accordingly,
farmers preferred Napier grass silage feeding to locally feed due to its high biomass and milk
yield improvement. Milk yield indicated that lactating crossbred dairy cows feed on Napier grass
silage supplemented with concentrate mix gave 8.44 kg/cow/day, but those lactating crossbred
dairy cows feed on locally practicing feed basal diet supplemented with concentrate mix. The
economic feasibility of this study was analyzed using partial budget and marginal analysis
approaches. According to this analysis, lactating crossbred dairy cows feed Napier grass silage
gave higher net benefit (Birr 81.6 per cow/day), than and locally feeding practice (Birr 39.53 per
cow/day). Between treatments, the largest change in cost that varies was birr 16.27 per day and
the change in net income was birr 42.07 per day resulting in 259% marginal rate of return was
recorded for T2. So for each birr invested in input for a cow, the farmer would recover birr
1(one) and an additional birr 42.07 at a given prices. Therefore, on the basis of MRR the
technology is recommended for increasing milk productivity of cows. The result of MRR of the
present study was in the profitable range like as 158% and 131.85% reported by Shah et al
(2009) who worked on an on-farm trial of urea mineral molasses blocks fed to milking cows and
buffaloes, respectively. Therefore, considering milk yield and economic return in this study, it
can be concluded that cows fed basal diet of Napier grass silage with recommended concentrate
mix optimize both biological and economic benefits as compared to cows consumed locally
produced feeds.
Key words: Crossbred, Demonstration, Locally practiced feed, Napier grass silage
69
2018/19
Pre-extension Demonstration of Grazing Land Improvement Technology through
Top dressing with Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer in Selected Districts of
Western Oromia, Ethiopia
Mekonnen Diribsa*1, Abuye Tulu1, Warku Temesgen1, Waqgari Keba1 and Alemayehu Kumsa1
1
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Bako Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 03,
Bako, Ethiopia
*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Pre-extension demonstration of grazing land improvement technologies were conducted in 2018
in six Agricultural growth program (AGP II) districts, namely, Boneya Boshe, Wayu Tuka, Guto
Gida and Diga from East Wollega and Horro and Guduru districts from Horro Guduru Wallega
zones to evaluate, select and popularize farmers‟ preferred technologies based on their selection
criteria and to create awareness on the importance of the approved technologies. One
representative potential peasant association (PA) was selected purposively from each district
based on grazing land and livestock population potential and accessibility for field monitoring
and visit. Farmers‟ selection was done based on interests of farmers in trial management,
willingness and ownership of sufficient grazing land to accommodate the trials and gender
equality. In each PA, one farmer‟s extension research group (FREG) comprising 16 farmers
were established to evaluate and select the technologies. Training was given to farmers, DAs and
experts. Three treatments namely, T1 = Control (farmer practice), T2 = 150 kg/ha urea and T3
= 110 kg/ha urea and 100 kg /ha NPS were evaluated and demonstrated on 4 farmers‟ fields on
plot size of 400 m2 in each study districts. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive
statistics (mean and standard deviation) and qualitative narrations. The agronomic result
showed that T3 performed better in average herbage dry matter yield (12.44 t/ha) followed by T2
(8.71 t/ha) and T1 (5.5 t/ha). The two treatments (T3 and T2) had a yield advantage of 55.76 %
and 36.83 %, respectively over the control in all the study districts. The overall technology
preference score of all districts showed that T 3 (110 kg/ha urea and 100 kg /ha NPS) and T 2
(150 kg/ha urea) were the most preferred technologies and ranked as first and second
respectively, by participants because of high biomass, fast growth habit, early maturing for
harvesting, plant height, leafiness and species diversity. Therefore, the combination of Urea and
NPS fertilizer at a rate of 110 kg and 100 kg/ha respectively, was recommended to be promoted
in large scale in the study areas and other places with similar agro-ecologies.
Keywords: Demonstration, Evaluation, Grazing land, Herbage dry matter, Technologies
70
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Lablab purporeous Varieties in Selected
Districts of East Wollega Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia
*Mekonnen Diribsa, Abuye Tulu, Waqgari Keba, Warku Temesgen and Alemayehu Kumsa
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Bako Agricultural Research Center,
P. O. Box 03, Bako, Oromia, Ethiopia
Abstract
Pre-extension demonstration of improved Dolichose lablab varieties was conducted in five
Agricultural growth program (AGP II) districts, namely, Boneya Boshe, Wayu Tuka, Diga
(Arjo), Bako Tibe and Guto Gida (Uke) of East Wollega zone to evaluate, demonstrate, select
and popularize farmers‟ preferred varieties and to create awareness on the importance of the
improved varieties. One representative potential peasant association (PA) was selected
purposively from each district based on forage production potential and accessibility for field
monitoring and visit. Farmers‟ selection was done based on interests of farmers in forage
production and trial management, ownership of suitable land, ability to perform cultural
practices as per recommendation and gender equality. In each PA, one farmers‟ research and
extension group (FREG) comprising 16 farmers was established to evaluate and select the
varieties. Training was given to farmers, DAs and experts. Two lablab varieties, namely, Gebis-
17 and Beresa-55 were evaluated and demonstrated on 4 farmers‟ fields with plot size of 20 m *
10 m (200 m2) in each study districts. Participatory evaluation and rankng was done based on
farmer selected criteria. Accordingly, Gebisa-17 was ranked first for all traits except seed yield.
Interms of seed yield, Gebisa-17 variety gave lower yield (17.6 qt ha-1) than Beresa-55 (20.7 qt
ha-1) but gave higher herbage DM yield of 8.5 ton ha-1 than Bressa-55 which gave 6.93 ton ha-1.
Therefore, further scaling up/out of the two improved Dolichos lablab varieties should be
conducted in the study areas and to other places with similar agro-ecologies.
Keywords: Demonstration, Herbage dry matter, Lablab purporeous, Varieties
71
Pre-extension Demonstration of Dolichos lablab (Lablab purpureus) Under sown in
Maize at Dugda and Lume Districts, East Shoa Zone, Ethiopia
Daniel Wana, Dawit Abate, Nabi Husen and Meseret Tilahun

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute,
Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Batu, Ethiopia
Abstract
The activity was conducted in Bekele-Girisa and Bika kebeles of Dugda and Lume districts
respectively. The objectives were to demonstrate forage production from lablab under sown in
maize and to evaluate the lablab-maize intercropping practices with farmers‟ participation.
Accordingly, Farmers' Research and Extension Groups (FREGs) with 18 and 15 members were
established at Bekele Girisa and Bika kebeles, respectively. Four trial farmers were selected
from each FREGs for forage production based on the criteria including interest of the farmers in
producing forage on their land, farmer having enough land for forage production and farmer
who have milking cows. BH-540 maize variety was intercropped with Lablab purpureus on plot
a size of 32*32m. Pure stands of maize with similar plot size were also established for
comparison. Farmers were used as replication. Lablab purpureus was intercropped in maize at
two weeks period after maize planting. The results revealed that the total biomass (Stover +
lablab) and maize grain yields were significantly different (P<0.05) among the practices at
Dugda site while the reverse is true for Lume site. The mean maize grain yield and agronomic
performances recorded at Lume site were lower than that of the Dugda site. There was total
biomass and maize grain yield increment in lablab under-sown in maize than pure stand of
maize in both sites. Similarly, crude protein content of the maize stover under sown with lablab
was improved. Farmers were also very interested in forage production from intercropping of
lablab with maize as compared to sole maize production practice. Therefore, it is recommended
to further promote the lablab-maize intercropping technology to enhance the production of high
biomass of forage with good quality in the study area.
Keywords: Biomass yield, FREG , Intercropping, Lablab,
72
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Vetch (Veciavillosa) Variety under sown
in Maize Crop at Kofele District of West Arsi Zone
Meseret Tilahun, Dawit Abate, Nabi Husein and Daniel Wana

Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box,35
Corresponding authorEmail: [email protected]
Abstract
The activity was conducted at Hula-bera kebele of Kofale district with the objetctive
demonstrating forage production from vetch-maize intercropping system to smallholder farmers
of the area. Accordingly, one Farmers Research and Extension Group (FREG) having 20
members was established at Hula-bera kebele. Among the group members, 4 farmers who have
interest and accessible land for forage production were selected as trial farmers. Vetch was
intercroped with maize on land size of 32m x 32m on each farmer land. Sole maize was also
planted on adjacent plot of the same size as control. The result indicated that intercropping vetch
with maize crop didnt significantly affect (p>0.05) the grain yield of maize. The total biomass
yield (14.39 t/ha) obtained was significantly higher (p<0.05) for the intercropping practice than
the sole maize. Almost all participant farmers appreciated performances of the vetch-maize
intercropping especially in obtaining aditional forage legumes and in soil fertility improvement.
Hence, to solve the feed shortage problems resulted from land scarcity, forage legumes (vetch)
intercropping in maize plays a great role by creating an opportunity of producing additional
forage from the vetch with out affecting the yield of maize crop. In addition, the benefits of
forage legumes in soil fertility improvement make the system very attractive for the farmers.
Thus, there is a need to promote the technology in maize production areas. Moreover, vetch seed
should be multiplied and distributed to farmers to enhance adoption of the technology.
Key words: Biomass yield, Compatibility, FREG, Intercropping, Vetch
73
Pre-extension Demonstration of Oat-Vetch Mixture for Forage Production in
Dodola District of West Arsi Zone
Nabi Husien*1, Dawit Abate1, Daniel Wana 1and Meseret Tilahun1
1
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box
35, Batu, Ethiopia
Abstract
The activity was conducted in Keta Berenda kebele of Dodola district of West Arsi Zone,
Oromia, in 2018 cropping season with the objectives of demonstrating oat-vetch mixture for quality
forage production for smallholder and increasing framers awareness on improved forage
production. Twenty farmers (17 males and 3 females) who have willingness to accept and
disseminate the technology and own adequate land for forage demonstration were selected and
organized intos Farmers Research Group (FRG). Four trial farmers were selected from the
members for hosting the demonstration. Training was given to 20 farmers and 3 development
agents on oat-vetch mixture technology with full production, management and utilization
practices. Oats- vetch mixture and sole oat were planted on land size of 32 m x 32 m. The higher
biomass yield (8.93t/ha) was obtained from oat-vetch mixture. The mixed system had 11.625%
bio-mass yield advantage over sole oat cropping. Oat-vetch mixture system also improved crude
protein content from 8.87 to 16%. This indicated that oat-vetch mixture improves quality of oat
with higher biomass yield than sole oat cropping. Hence, the technology should be further
promoted in wide scale to address feed shortage/scarcity in the study area.
Keywords: Demonstration, Forage, Oat-vetch mixture, Pre-extension
74
2019/20
Economic Empowerment of Rural Women: Access to Improved Beekeeping
Technologies Package through Self-Help Grouping in Walmara District, Oromia
Region, Ethiopia
Dirriba Mengistu, Ajebush Defar, Getu Gudeta, Abdulhakim Husein

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (IQQO), Holota Bee Research Center, P.O.Box 22,
Holota, Ethiopia
Abstract
Beekeeping is an important economic activity that helps rural communities to raise
additional income to improve their livelihoods but it is one that women have been excluded
from. However, women are conscious and interested to expand their economic activities.
To this end, the present activity was conducted at Wolmera, Guduru and Ababo Guduru
districts in 2019 & 2020 with objective of improving livelihood of rural women through
involving them in beekeeping activity through self-help women group. In fact, 8 FREG
based apiary site establishment for pre-existent women self-help groups (SHG) were used
as an entry point that address about 160 participant member with about 95% female
participants. With this regards, each group members have obtained about 8600.00 and
5759.37 ETB from the first & second round harvest though 50% of the groups were saving
their income in the group account. In the apiary management practices, more than 70% of
the households were attained training and on the good level of awareness on the
beekeeping management eventhough dependency for funding was not yet solved. Due to
the fact that this investment is an asset for at least 10 years, it is important to enhance the
sustainability of the group at least for 5 years. The group financial management, business
oriented attitude, group fragmentation, internal conflict and systematic group exclusion is
a critical challenge to be resolved. Generally, capacity building related to bookkeeping,
queen multiplication, colony multiplication and formalizing the existing SHG adds a flavor
value to the sustainability and growth.
Keywords: Beekeepers, FRG, SHG, women, apiary
75
Improved Beekeeping Technologies as Intervention for Unemployed Youth Group
Wongelu Endale Gobena
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Holeta Bee Research Center, P.O.Box 22, Holota,
Ethiopia
E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Beekeeping is an important agricultural practice for income-generation, create employment
opportunities and attract tourists. The investment costs are relatively low which makes
beekeeping a thriving business that can contribute invaluably to household income. The main
objective of this study was to evaluate the socio-economic contribution of beekeeping to youth by
establishing beekeeping cooperatives of unemployed youth group around protected forest area.
Ambo Woreda was selected purposively and two youth group consisting 34 members (29 male &
5 female) were established in to 2 FREGs. Two round training was given for group members on
improved beekeeping management practices and business planning. Forty modern bee hives with
honey bee colonies, beekeeping equipment and accessories were supplied to the cooperative.
Technical support and frequent follow up of the activity & honey bee colonies management was
implemented during the study period. Planting of multipurpose tree seedlings were undertaken
around the apiary and managed by group members. The result showed that an average of 77.5
kg pure honey was harvested per season and marketed in the surrounding local market with total
price of 19,125 Birr. Improved beekeeping knowledge, skill and awareness created on
beekeeping as business are non-financial results achieved as result of the intervention. The
overall finding of this study mainly underlined beekeeping can be used as intervention to create
employment opportunity for unemployed youth and will be best practices if integrated with some
other income generating activities.
Key words: Beekeeping, income generation, intervention, unemployment
76
Pre-extension demonstration of stingless bee keeping (meliponiculture) through
participatory approaches
*Etenesh Mekonnen, Alemayehu Gela, Amsalu Bezzabih

Holota, Ethiopia
Email of correspondent author:[email protected]
Abstract
This study was conducted in Toke kutaye and Wolmera districts of West shoa zone in 2018 &
2019. The two districts were selected purposively based on the stingless bee (meliponiculture)
abundance. The objective was to evaluate and demonstrate stingless beekeeping practice
(domestication) with farmers‟ participation. Three Farmers research & extension groups
(FREG) with 10 beekeepers each (6 male and 4 female) were established at Toke kutaye and
Welmera districts. Three stingless bee apiaries were selected at each FREG for stingless bee
(Meliponiculture) domestication. Both practical and theoretical Training was given for 41
beekeepers, 6 Woreda experts and 3 DAs. Out of the training participants 19 were female. A
total of 31 pot hives were constructed by local potteries following the appropriate design. 20
queen right stingless bee nests from Toke kutaye and 9 from Welmera agro-ecologies were
collected and domesticated at each apiary site. One shade was constructed at each apiary and
pot hives were constructed for all FREG members. FREG members were participated in all
works (colony hunting from the forest and transferring, shade construction, feeding and other
managements). The transferred colony (31 pot hives) were domesticated/persisted at all FREG
site. About 620 mL of pure honey per pot per period was harvested from Toke kutaye site. FREG
members and other neighboring farmers appreciate the technology particularly for honey
quality, simple inspection, colony not absconded and etc. Therefore, the technology should be
further promoted in stingless bee production potential areas.
Key words: Demonstration, nest, pot hives, stingless bee
77
Integration of improved beekeeping technologies with rehabilitation of Gorfo
watershed in toke Kutaye district
*Tura Bareke, Meseret Gemeda, Tolera Kumsa, Admasu Addi and Wongelu Endale
Holota, Ethiopia
*Corresponding author:
Abstract
Currently, the scarcity of bee flora is rated in the top place in hindering the beekeeping
development due to natural resource degradation. Thus, the project was implemented at Gorfo
Watershed of Toke Kutaye District in 2018 and 2019 with objectives of demonstrating the
contribution of improved beekeeping technologies for income generation and sustainable
watershed management through planting major bee forage plants and keeping the watershed
from any disturbance. For this study, households were purposively selected based on their
interest in beekeeping and proximity of residence to watershed areas. Two FREG were
established holding a total of 26 members (21 male and 5 female). Training on general
beekeeping, honey and bee wax processing, colony multiplication, and integrations of
beekeeping with natural resource management was provided. The resource of the watershed was
assessed before and after the intervention of the project. In addition, data of honey yield, annual
income obtained from honey sales, skill adopted, and constraint. Accordingly, before the
intervention of the project, about 16 bee plant species were found in the watershed. Whereas
after the intervention, the bee forage plants were increased to 29 species which means about 13
bee forage plant species were added to the watershed. From this, 7 types of bee forage plants
were increased by plantation while, 6 were through natural regeneration due to keeping the
watershed from disturbance of cattle and humans. The first FREG has obtained about 20,500
Ethiopian Birr from honey sale while the second FREG obtained 9,000 ETB. Besides, both
groups started savings some amount of money monthly. In the apiary management practices,
more than 80% of the households were attained good skills and awareness on beekeeping
management. Since the houses of the participants are somewhat far from the selected watershed,
it was difficult to establish bee colonies in the watershed. The watershed is rehabilitating and
found under good condition. However, to rehabilitate this watershed, it is important to enhance
the sustainability of the group and the watershed at least for the coming three years.
Keywords: Bee plant, beekeeping, beewax honey, Watershed
78
Pre-Extension and Demonstration of Integrated Fish-Poultry-Horticulture-Forage
and Fattening Production System at Godino Kebele, Ada’a District, East Shoa Zone
*Lemma Abera and Addisu Hailu
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (OARI), Batu Fish and Other Aquatic Life Research
Center, P.O.Box 229, Batu, E-mail address: [email protected]
Abstract
Integrated fish-poultry-horticulture-fattening and forage farming system is a method of

diversified food production to combat nutritional insecurity at small scale farmers’ level under
low cost. The concept of the technology is ‘there is no waste’, waste from one component used
as input for the next component. Pre-extension demonstration of the integrated farm was
conducted at Godino Kebele of Ada’a district. The objectives of the study were to demonstrate
integrated farming system of fish-poultry-horticulture-fattening-forage and to test the
feasibility of the integrated farming system at farmers’ condition. One farmer research
extension groups (FREG) that had 16 farmers (12 male and 4 female) was formed. From the
FREG members four potential farmers were selected and the technology was demonstrated on
their own irrigated land. Training on the importance of integrated farming system and its
management were given to the farmers, 10 DA and 5 experts before and after establishing the
integration and knowledge was obtained from the technology. Four earthen fish pond with an
area of 100 m2 were constructed and stocked with the fish species of Oreochromis niloticus for
each farmer. Simultaneously managements of poultry, horticulture, fattening and forage were
conducted in the integrated farms. Thirty Rhode Island Red (RIR) breed of poultry with three
months of age were purchased and stocked in to each farmer’s poultry houses that suspended
on the top of the pond for egg production and the litter fertilized the fishpond for fish and
horticulture production. Those Chickens started to lay eggs on 20 weeks of age with the mean
egg production of 79.6 Percent per day. Fingerlings of the fish reached table size with an
average weight of 235 gram within six months of stocking. The average yield obtained from
Gurage Cabbage and Bombe red onion was 5.97 and 382.5 quintal ha-1, respectively. Forage
variety of Pennisetum purpureum was planted on the top of the dike and the dry matter yield
of the forage was 22,233 kg ha-1. In general, the trial farmers earned 54,217 ETB net benefits
from integrated farming systems per household. Therefore, this integrated farming system
technology was found to be profitable and it needs to scale up as one of the strategy that can be
adopted by smallholder farmers of the country to increase farm returns from per unit area of
land.
Key Words: Demonstration, FREG, Integration, Waste recycle
79
Pre-extension Demonstration of Nile tilapia fingerlings Multiplication at Wayu
Tuqa
*Deribew Hailu and Mathewos Hailu

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (IQQO), Batu Fish and Other Aquatic Life Research
Center. P.O.Box 229, Batu
Corresponding author:
Abstract
This study was initiated with the objective to demonstrate and popularize Oreochromis niloticus
multiplication technologies in Wayu Tuqa (East Wollega zone) during 2019/20 growing season.
Selected strain of Oreochomis niloticus, a Tilapia with good growth performance was
demonstrated for fingerling production. The pond size was 10m x 10m replicated on FTC fields.
The result of descriptive statistics shows that a mean yield of 1200 fingerling hapa-1 was
recorded. Since aquaculture is at its infant stage in the area, Oreochromis niolicus of Chamo
strain can be evaluated for its growth performance and stress resistance in the area. Large
production of fingerlings in a hapa in the area can easily avail fingerling in the area, which
increases the income as well as livelihood of the Aquaculture farming in the area. Therefore,
organizations should further scale up/out the fish multiplication technology in the study districts
and other similar areas to reach a greater number of farmers.
Key Words: Aquaculture, Fingerling, Oreochromis niloticus
80
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Improved Fishery Technologies in Sorga and
Fincha Reservoirs of East and Horo Guduru Wollega Zone, Oromia Region,
Ethiopia.
Addisu Hailu, Alemayehu Abebe, Lemma Abera and Deribew Hailu
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (OARI), Batu Fish and Other Aquatic Life Research Center,
P.O.Box 229, Batu, E-mail address: [email protected]
Abstract
Fish as a source of human diet, source of income and employment opportunity for people living
near lakes and reservoirs in Ethiopia. This activity was conducted to demonstrate improved
fishery technologies for fishery cooperative organized at Sorga Reservoir (East Wollega Zone)
and Fincha Reservoir (Horo Guduru Wollega Zone). The objectives of the study were to
demonstrate fishery technologies for fishers, to exploit and utilize stocked fish resources
properly from existing reservoirs that benefits the local communities, and to improve fishermen,
fishery experts and development agent capacity (Knowledge, Skill and attitude) through training
on fish production, processing techniques and utilization. Three Farmer Research & Extension
Groups (FREGs) were formed which consists of 15-30 farmers‟ member considering gender
participation at Sorga and Fincha reservoirs. Training on the importance of improved fishery
technologies, on fish gear preparation, fish wooden boat formation and fishmeal preparation
have given for 70 farmers, 3 DAs and 6 experts at both reservoirs for FREG members. The
major fish species available at Sorga reservoir were Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus),
Tilapia Zilli and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and their average length were 21.1, 22.6 and
29.9cm respectively. In case of Fincha reservoir Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), Common
carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Tilapia zillii were common fish species well adapted. However, fish
farmers commonly used Nile Tilapia for both family consumption and sales. One wooden boat,
one gillnet gear, gear needle and twine were provided for FREG at Sorga reservoir whereas
gillnets, gear needle, hooks and longline and twine were distributed for all FREG members at
Finca‟a reservoir. Therefore, those improved fishery technologies increase fish production and
have high demand by fish farmers and it needs to be further scale up.
Key Words: Demonstration; FREG; gear; wooden boat
81
Pre-extension demonstration of feeding Fodder Oat and Vetch to improve milk
yield of crossbred dairy cows in Dodola district
Girma Chalchissa, Alemayehu Arega, Yadeta Nigatu and Tesfaye Gemechu

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (IQQO), Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center
Abstract
The on-farm study was conducted to demonstrate the effect of substitution of fodder oat and
vetch as protein supplements on milk production of crossbred cows and evaluate the cost-
benefit of feeding fodder oat and vetch to lactating cows. Ten crossbred cows (HF x Arsi), in
early lactation were allocated to two diets as follows: 2kg Wheat bran + 30 kg wilted fodder
Oat (4kg DM) + 3.5kg Vetch hay (3 kg DM) (T1) and 4kg Wheat bran + 2kg Nougseed cake +
grazing (control). Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used to conduct the
experiment. Substituting oat and vetch as protein supplement increased milk production by
29%, equivalent to 1.2 kg milk/day. Similarly, the PED work returned positive results,
supporting the hypothesis of economic advantage in using oat and vetch in milk production
in the area.
Key words: Fodder oat and Vetch, supplementary feed, lactating cows
82
Cluster Based Oat-vetch Mixtures for Forage Production in Dodola District of West
Arsi Zone, Ethiopia
Nabi Husien and Lelisa Diriba
Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 35, Batu, Ethiopia
[email protected]
Abstract
The present activity was conducted at Keta Berenda kebele of Dodola district of West Arsi
Zone of Oromia in 2019 cropping season with the objectives to evaluate cluster based pre-
scaling up fodder oat mixture with vetch, collect farmers’ opinion on the performance of the
technology, improve farmers’ knowledge and skill of application of the improved technology
through training and increase local capacity for future scaling-up. Keta Berenda kebele was
purposively selected from the district based on the livestock population potential and
accessibility. Thirty one farmers (24 males and 7 females) who had willingness to accept and
disseminate the technology and possess adequate land for forage production were selected in
cluster form and established as 1 FREGs in collaboration with development agents of the
Kebele. Fourteen trial farmers were nominated from the members for forage establishment.
The technology was established on land size of 2.945 ha with all recommended agronomic
practice. Training was given for 31 farmers and 3 development agents on; forage production,
management and utilization practices. 8.01 t ha-1 biomass yield was obtained from oat-vetch
mixture. Hence, the technology should be further promoted in wide scale to address feed
shortage scarcity of the study area.
Keywords: Cluster, Forage, Oat-vetch mixture
83
Cluster based Pre-scaling up of dolichos lablab (Lablab purpureus) under sown in
maize at Dugda district, east Shoa, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Meseret Tilahun and Daniel Wana

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (IQQO), Adami Tulu Agricultural research Center,
P.O.Box, 35
Abstract
This activity was undertaken at Dugda districts, East Shoa zone in 2019. The objectives of
study was to evaluate the cluster based pre-scaling up of Dolichos lablab-maize intercropping
system, train and improve the awareness's of smallholder farmers on the technology.
Training was given theoretically and practically for 150 individuals including farmers,
experts, DAs and others on crop and forage agronomy, production and utilization. Of these
one (1) FREG was established that includes 36 farmers (30 male & 6 female) and totally 5ha
area of land was used for this activity. 25 kg ha-1 of maize and 15 kg ha-1 of lablab seed rate
were sown based on their recommendation. The input (seed, fertilizer, herbicide and
pesticide) were distributed based on their farmland size. Close monitoring and evaluation
was undertaken for management. The field day was organized and 64 stakeholders were
participated. Different date were collected and analyzed with simple descriptive statistics.
Farmers harvested 3.53 ton ha-1 DM lablab and 18 ton ha-1 of maize Stover DM and totally
21.53 ton ha-1 DM was found for the improvement of animal feed resource availability. In
addition, the maize yield of 8.1 ton ha-1 was obtained similar with the previous study. This
result indicated that intercropping of lablab purpureous-maize did not affect the main crop
yield and farmers can be benefited from both food & feed crops. Therefore, this practice
should be widely popularized to improve the animal feed resource availability without
affecting the grain yield of maize crops.
Key words: Dry matter, Feed resource, Forage
84
Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Pigeon pea ( Cajanus cajan) Varieties in
Selected Districts of East Wollega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Mekonnen Diribsa*, Abuye Tulu, Wakgari Keba, Warku Temesgen and Alemayehu Kumsa
Oromia, Ethiopia
Abstract
Pre extension demonstration of improved pigeon pea varieties was conducted in 2018 and 2019
rainy seasons at Boneya Boshe, Wayu Tuka, Diga and Guto Gida districts of East Wollega zone,
Oromia, with the objective of demonstrating and evaluating the performance of recently released
pigeon pea varieties along with their management practices under farmer‟s conditions and
creating awareness on the production of the developed varieties. A representative peasant
association (PA) was selected purposively from each district based on forage production
potential and accessibility for field monitoring and visit. In each PA, one farmers‟ research and
extension group (FREG) comprising 16 farmers was established to evaluate and select the
varieties. Training was given to farmers, DAs and experts. About 4 FREGs comprising 64
farmers (49 male and 15 female) were established in total. Two improved pigeon pea varieties
(Degagsa and belebas) were demonstrated along with standard check „Tsigab‟. The varieties
were sown on four farmers‟ fields using farmers as a replication on a plot size of 10 m x 10 m
(100 m2) per variety. Yield data per plot was recorded and analyzed using descriptive statistics,
while farmers‟ preference to the varieties were identified using focused group discussion and
summarized using pair wise and simple ranking methods. The demonstration result revealed that
statistically significant yield difference was observed among the varieties across testing sites.
Degagsa variety gave superior mean herbage dry matter yield of 7.63 t ha-1 per harvest with
yield advantage of 10.1 % & 23.06 % over Belebas (6.93 t ha-1) and Tsigab varieties (6.2 t ha-1),
respectively. Whereas, Belebas variety gave better mean grain yield (2.026 t ha-1) than Degagsa
(1.868 t ha-1) and Tsigab (1.224 t ha-1) having yield advantage of 8.46 % & 65.52 % over
Degagsa and Tsigab varieties, in that order. Participant farmers were reasonably evaluated,
ranked and selected best preferred and suitable varieties in accordance with real existing
situation. Thus, Degagsa was ranked and selected firstly for its high biomass yield, disease
tolerance, good plant height, leafiness, survival rate and uniformity. Besides, secondly selected
variety „Belebas‟ share similarities with Degagsa in many criteria‟s and have special merit
acquired; high seed yielder. Therefore; both varieties were recommended for further scaling up
in all demonstration sites and similar agro ecologies.
Keywords: Demonstration, Farmers’ preference, herbage dry matter
85
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Improved Fodder oat Varieties in Selected
Districts of Western Oromia, Ethiopia
Abuye Tulu*, Mekonnen Diribsa, Wakgari Keba, Warku Temesgen and Alemayehu Kumsa
Oromia, Ethiopia
Abstract
The pre-extension demonstration of fodder oat technology with its full agronomic practices was
done in 2019 with the objective to demonstrate and popularize the newly released oat variety
and thereby create awareness for farmers and agricultural extension agents. Two improved
fodder oat varieties (Bate and Bonsa) were demonstrated on purposely selected AGP II districts
namely; Boneya Boshe, Wayu Tuqa, Guto Gida and Horro districts of East and Horro Guduru
Wollega zones, respectively. One peasant association (PA) was selected purposely from each
districts based on forage production potential and compatibility with AGP II criteria. About 5
FREGs comprising 87 farmers (55 male and 32 female) were established in total. The
experiment was demonstrated on a simple plot with size of 10 x 10 m. Forage dry matter, grain
yield data, farmer perceptions and preference were collected and analyzed by simple descriptive
statistics and pair-wise ranking technique. The varieties showed remarkable variation in their
dry matter and grain yield potential across the testing areas. The average dry matter yield
performances of Bate (4.67 t ha-1) variety obtained from the farmers filed were relatively higher
than Bonsa (4.19 t ha-1) variety used as a standard check. Similarly, the average grain yield
performance recorded for Bate (3.124 t ha-1) variety was also higher as compared to Bonsa
(2.502 t ha-1) variety. Farmers set their own criteria to evaluate, rank and select the best variety
in accordance with field performance real existing situation. Thus, Bate variety was ranked and
selected first for its high dry matter and grain yield, tolerance to disease and lodging, and
leafiness as compared to Bonsa variety. Therefore; it is important to scale up this variety in a
larger scale to improve the availability of quality feed and boost production and productivity of
livestock in the area.
Keywords: Demonstration, Farmers’ preference, fodder oat, herbage dry matter
86
Cluster-based pre-scaling up of improved Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana)
technologies in some districts of East and Horro Guduru Wollega and West Shawa
Zones, Oromia, Ethiopia
Mekonnen Diribsa*, Abuye Tulu, Wakgari Keba andAlemayehu Kumsa

Oromia, Ethiopia
Abstract
Rhodes grass is an important tropical grass widespread in tropical and subtropical countries and it is a productive
and high quality forage for animal feed with drought-resistant as compared with other tropical grasses. This activity
was conducted in five districts namely: Boneya Boshe, Wayu Tuka Gida Ayyana, Guduru and Bako Tibe and
organized to 8 clusters in 2019. A total of 40 (28 male & 12 female) voluntary farmers having 12 ha of land
were selected. Rhodes grass (massaba) variety was multiplied on 6 clusters on 12 ha. Thus, 120 kg of massaba
variety seed were provided to selected farmers based on their clustered farms. Farmers were implementing farm
activities on selected experiment sites of each cluster in collaboration with researchers and extension agents after both
theoretical and practical training conducted. Field day has been organized by AGP-2 and Bako agricultural
research centre coordinated by cluster team members. Farmer’s during field tour and interviews revealed that using
the improved varieties of Rhodes grass gave high yielder for both herbage biomass and seed yield. About 80 kg ha -1
per harvest of Rhodes grass seed were produced on average even though it differs by location and farmers. Besides,
19.11t ha-1 mean herbage DM yield per harvest were produced after seed harvest, so that it was used as double
advantage for farmers. Therefore, scaling-out of this variety should be carried by districts extension agents for similar
agro-ecological areas through establishing seed producer cooperatives.
Keywords: Clustering, field tour, massaba, pre-scaling up
87
Pre-extension Demonstration of Elephant Grass in selected Districts of Bale Zone

Abstract
Pre-extension demonstration of improved Elephant Grass accessions was conducted in Ginnir
and Agarfa districts of Bale Zone. The main objective of the study was to demonstrate and
evaluate adapted accessions of Elephant Grass. A total of 6 FREGs comprising 102 farmers (66
male & 36 female) were organized. The demonstration was under taken on single plot of 5mx5m
area for each accession. The recommended spacing of 0.7/0.3m between rows and plants were
used, respectively and fertilizer rate of 100/50 kg ha-1 NPS/Urea. Mini-field day involving
different stakeholders was organized at each respective site. Fresh Biomass Yield data per plot
was recorded and analysed using descriptive statistics, while farmers‟ preference to the
demonstrated accessions was identified using focused group discussion and summarized using
pair wise ranking methods. The demonstration result revealed that ILRI 16801 accession
performed better than the other accessions with an average fresh biomass yield of 92 tons ha-1,
78 tons ha-1 and 75.5 tons ha-1, respectively. ILRI 18601 accessions had 17.95% and 22.67%
fresh biomass yield advantage over ILRI 18600 and ILRI 18787, respectively. Furthermore, this
accession was selected by farmers. Thus, ILRI 18601 accessions was recommended for further
scaling up.
Key words: Accessions, Elephant Grass, Pre-extension demonstration
88
Pre-extension demonstration of Elephant/Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum)
for Animal Feed Resources in Dire Dawa and Harari Regions
Abdulaziz Teha * Ibsa Aliyi, Bedasso Urgessa, Kibrat Ketema, Oromiya Magersa,
Abstract
Pre-extension demonstration and evaluation of elephant grass varieties were conducted with the
objectives of promoting and popularize improved elephant grass technologies and to create
awareness among stakeholders in 2018 and 2019. Four FREG having 60 farmers (40 male & 20
female) were established. A total of forty (40) trial farmers were selected from four potential
elephant grass growing kebeles of Dire Dawa administration council and Harari region. Two
improved elephant grass varieties (IRLI14983 and other locally available) were demonstrated on
the plot size of 20m x 20m. Training on which a total of 63 participants took part were organized
at Sofi Harari Region. Elephant grass varieties were evaluated based on their early maturity and
Biomass yield. The yield performance of IRLI14983 ranged from 6.7 to 12.9 tons ha-1 with a
mean of 9.8 tons ha-1, but the local variety gave 4.3 to 9.1 tons ha-1 biomass yield, respectively.
The biomass yield varied significantly (P<0.01) among the demonstrated varieties and the test
locations. Therefore, IRLI14983 variety was recommended for further scaling up.
Key words: Biomass Yield, Forage, Elephant grass Varieties, Demonstration.
89
NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
2016/17
recommendation on maize (BH661) at Bedele district
*Dagne Chimdessa1 and Abdulmalik Mohammed2
Oromia Agricultural Resaerch Institute, Bedele Soil Research Center, Bedele, Ethiopia
*Corresponding address: [email protected]
Abstract
On-farm demonstration of soil test based crop response calibrated phosphorus was conducted at
Bedele district, Buno Bedele Zone of Oromia, during the main cropping seasons of 2016. The
aims of the study was to demonstrate P-critical value and P- requirement factor for Phosphorus
recommendation of improved maize (BH-661) variety in the district. The results of the study
revealed that the soil reaction pH (H2O) were strongly acidic ranged from 4.29 to 5.20, very low
available P ranged from 0.137 to 4.306 ppm. Nitrogen fertilizer 92 kg N ha-1was selected as N
fertilizer recommended for the area. The study also showed that P-critical value (6 ppm) and P-
requirement factor (23.55) were determined for phosphorus recommended for the area.
Economic analysis was performed to compare treatments advantages. The validity of critical
value and economic evaluation showed that STBCRPR would yield 2.23 Ethiopian birr for every
birr invested. Thus, farmers in the Bedele area might be advised to use soil test based crop
response phosphorus recommendation to increase the productivity of maize.
Key: Calibrated phosphorus, P-critical value, P- requirement factor
90
recommendation on Teff (Kuncho) at Chora district
*Dagne Chimdessa1 and Abdulmalik Mohammed2
Corresponding address: [email protected]

Abstract
On-farm demonstration of soil test based crop response calibrated phosphorus was conducted at
Chora district of Buno Bedele Zone during the main cropping seasons of 2016. The aim of the
study was to demonstrate P-critical value and P- requirement factor for Phosphorus
recommendation of improved teff (kuncho) variety for the district. The results of the study
revealed that the soil reaction pH (H2O) were strongly acidic ranged from 4.20 to 4.71, very low
available P from 0.530 to 1.649 ppm. Nitrogen fertilizer rate of 46 kg N ha-1was used as N
fertilizer recommended for the area. The study also showed that P-critical value (4 ppm) and P-
requirement factor (11.71) were determined for phosphorus recommended for the area.
Economic analysis was performed to compare treatments advantages. The validity of critical
value and economic evaluation showed that STBCRPR would yield 1.37 Ethiopian birr for every
birr invested. Thus, farmers in the Chora area might be advised to use soil test based crop
response phosphorus recommendation to increase the productivity of teff
Key: Calibrated phosphorus, P-critical value, P- requirement factor
91
Demonstration of Soil test based crop response phosphorus recommendation
studies on teff crop in Girar Jarso district of North Shewa Zone.
Abreham Feyisa and Abera Donis
Fitche Soil Research Center, Soil Fertility Improvement and Soil and Water Conservation team,
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Fitche, Oromia.
Abstract
Demonstration of Soil test based crop response phosphorous calibration study was conducted in
Girar Jarso District on tef crop during the main cropping season of 2016 with the objectives to
determine the response of teff to different rates of phosphorus fertilizer; to establish site-specific
soil test based phosphorus fertilizer rate recommendation, to create awareness on soil test based
phosphorus fertilizer recommendation and to prepare guideline for teff fertilizer application. The
Pc- critical phosphorus 18ppm and Pf- phosphorus requirement factor 3.04 were used to
determine the rate of STBPCR. The highest mean grain yield (1802 kg/ha) was recorded for soil
test based P calibration result (STBPCR) which was not significantly higher than farmer’s
practice (1638 kg/ha) and followed by the control for Girar Jarso Districts. Marginal Rate of
Return (MRR) ranged from 199% in farmer practice to 471% in STBPCR for Girar Jarso
District. Therefore, it can be concluded that to obtain maximum yield target and profit by
sustaining soil fertility, soil test based fertilizer recommendation is economically feasible for tef
production in the study areas.
Key: Marginal Rate of Return (MRR), soil test based phosphorus fertilizer rate recommendation
(STBPFR)
92
2017/18
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Soil Test Based Crop Response Phosprous

Recommendation on Teff at Omo Nada district, Western Oromia
Dagne Chimdessa* and Abdulmalik Mohammed

Abstract
Soil fertility depletion presents a major challenge for sustainable productivity in order to feed
the ever increasing population of the country. To this end, on-farm pre-extension demonstration
of Soil Test Based Crop Response Phosphorus Recommendation on Teff was conducted at Omo Nada
district during 2017 cropping season. The aim of the study was to demonstrate soil test based
crop response calibrated P (STBCRP) at Omo Nada for teff. Composite soil samples were
collected before planting and analyzed in order to calculate phosphorus rate. The results
revealed that the soil reaction pH (H2O) were strongly acidic ranging from 4.45 to 4.89, very
low available P (Olsen method) from 1.16–3.28ppm. The maximum mean grain yield (940 kg ha-
1
) was recorded from the application of STBCRP and 23 kg ha-1N, whereas the lowest (350 kg
ha-1) was recorded from the farmer's practice. The study also showed that nitrogen determined
23 kg ha-1N, P-critical level (4.5 ppm) and P- requirement factor (15.12) were determined for the
area. Thus, farmers in the Omo Nada area might be advised to use soil test based crop response
phosphorus recommendation to increase the productivity of Tef.
Keywords: Soil test based crop response phosphorous recommendation (STBCRP), Tef
(Eragrostis tef),
93
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Soil test based crop response phosphorus
fertilizer recommendation on teff crop in Wera Jarso district of North Shewa Zone,
Oromia, Ethiopia
*Abreham Feyisa, Abera Donis, Dejane Getahun & Abebe Sori

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Fitche Soil Research Center, Oromia.
*Corresponding author:[email protected]
Abstract
Participatory on farm demonstration of soil test based phosphorus fertilizer recommendation for
teff crop production were carried out with the aim of demonstrating research finding obtained
from P-fertilizer calibration study and creating awareness among farmers, developmental
agents, subject matter specialists and other stakeholders on site specific soil test based P-
fertilizer recommendation in Wera Jarso district of North shewa zone in 2017/18 cropping
season. A total of thirteen (13) host farmers were selected from 5 teff growing potential kebeles
of the district to carry out the demonstration activity. One FRG/FREG having up to 15 members
was established at each kebele. Soil test based p-recommendation rate which is 92 Kg N/ha and
P-critical value 10ppm and P-requirement factor 16.33ppm, farmers practice in the area and the
control (no fertilizer application) were the treatments used considering farmers as replication.
The conducted experiment shows that, an optimum N which is 92 Kg/ha N and Soil test based P-
fertilizer recommendation rate was influenced Teff grain yield and the mean maximum grain
yield was 1786.4 kg ha-1 for improved variety and 1704.5 kg ha-1 for local variety with a34.82%
and 28.65% grain yield advantage over the blanket type of fertilizer recommendation.
Keywords: Pre-extension demonstration, P-critical, P-requirement factor, soil test based p-

fertilizer recommendation.
94
Participatory Evaluation and Demonstration of Soil Test Based Phosphorus
Recommendation on Maize at Wayu Tuka District of East Wollega Zone
Chalsisa T, *Temesgen Ch., Chaltu R., Garemew B., Mintesinot D. and Obsa A.
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (OARI), Nekemte Soil Research Center
P.O.Box 587 Nekemte, Ethiopia
Abstract
Unbalanced application of plant nutrients may aggravate the depletion of other important
nutrient which limit crop productivity in Ethiopia in general and in the study area in particular.
In view of this, a field experiment of participatory evaluation and demonstration of soil test
based phosphorus recommendation on improved maize (BH-661) was conducted in Wayu Tuka
district on farmer‟s field during 2017/18 main cropping season. The aims of the study were to
demonstrate and evaluate the technology to farming community through Farmers Research &
Extension Group and create awareness among farmers about the technology generated. The
treatments were soil test based recommended rate of phosphorus (RR), No fertilizer/Control (C)
and Farmers practice (Blanket recommendation). Available phosphorus in the soil was tested
and phosphorus recommendation rate was given according to P in kg/ha = (P critical – P
initial)*P requirement factor. The determined value was 4.2 ppm and 9.6 were P critical and P
requirement factor, respectively whereas 46 kg ha-1 of N and P was used as blanket
recommended rates (farmer practise). The results of soil samples analysis revealed that the soil
reaction pH (H2O) were strongly acidic ranged from 4.63 to 5.29 and very low available P
ranged from 1.73 to 2.17 for all sites except site one which is rated as low with p value 4.7ppm.
The effects of treatments were significantly influenced grain yield of maize in all demonstration
sites except site 4. The highest grain yield (12020.8 kg ha-1), plant height (2.763 m) and other
growth and yield components of the crop were recorded at the application of soil test based
phosphorus recommended rate. Besides, most participant farmers ranked soil test based P
recommended plot first while visiting and evaluating crop on field. Therefore, it can be
concluded that soil test based recommended rate of phosphorus was chosen as the best and led
to the maximum yield and yield components of maize compared to control and farmer practiced.
Key words: Blanket recommendation, FREG, soil test based phosphorus recommendation
95
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Integration of both Mechanical and Biological
Soil and Water Conservation Practices in Kofele District, West Arsi Zone
Kasahun Kitila* and Abay Chala
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Adami Tulu Agricultural Research center
Corresponding author: Email: [email protected] ,
Tel: (+251)-912-855-363, P.O.Box: 545, Ziway, Ethiopia
Abstract
Unbalanced application of plant nutrients may aggravate the depletion of other important
nutrient which limit crop productivity in Ethiopia in general and in the study area in particular.
In view of this, a field experiment of participatory evaluation and demonstration of soil test
based phosphorus recommendation on improved maize (BH-661) grown during 2017/18 main
cropping season was conducted in Wayu Tuka district on farmer‟s field. The aims of the study
were to demonstrate and evaluate the technology to farming community through Farmers
Research Group and create awareness among farmers about the technology generated. The
treatments were soil test based recommended rate of phosphorus (RR), No fertilizer/Control (C)
and Farmers practice (Blanket recommendation). Available phosphorus in the soil was tested
and phosphorus recommendation rate was given according to Phosphorus in kg/ha = (P critical
– P initial)*P requirement factor. The determined value was 4.2 ppm and 9.6 were P critical and
P requirement factor, respectively whereas 46 kg ha-1 of N and P was used as blanket
recommended rates (farmer practise). The results of soil samples analysis revealed that the soil
reaction pH (H2O) were strongly acidic ranged from 4.63 to 5.29 and very low available P
ranged from 1.73 to 2.17 for all sites except site one which is rated as low with p value 4.7ppm.
The effects of treatments were significantly influenced grain yield of maize in all demonstration
sites except site 4. The highest grain yield (12020.8 kg ha-1), plant height (2.763 m) and other
growth and yield components of the crop were recorded at the application of soil test based
phosphorus recommended rate. Besides, most participant farmers ranked first soil test based P
recommended plot while visiting and evaluating crop on field. Therefore, it can be concluded
that soil test based recommended rate of phosphorus was chosen as the best and led to the
maximum yield and yield components of maize compared to control and farmer practiced.
Keywords: Pre-extension demonstration, Soil erosion, Soil nutrient
96
2018/19
Pre-Extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Soil Test Based Lime Application
in Reclamation of Acid Soil for Cereal-Legume Productivity in Selected Districts of
Western Oromia
Negash Teshome1*, Mamo Mokonin1, Lami G/Kidan1, Shiferaw Tadesse1, Temesgen Tamene1
1
Ethiopia
Abstract
The experiment was executed for three years (2016-2018) in three Districts of Western Oromia
(Diga, Jimma Geneti, and Horro Districts). The objective of the research was to demonstrate
and evaluate soil test based lime application with recommended fertilizer for acidic soil
reclamation in enhancing cereal-legume productivity of the smallholder farmers. Two cereal
crops (maize, wheat) and one legume crop (faba bean) were used as test materials throughout
the experimental periods. The experiment had two treatments(lime and with out lime) established
on two separate plots of 10m x10m laid side by side for ease of comparision. The demonstration
result indicated that, except for faba bean, there was significant mean difference in grain yield
for the tested crops. The evaluation results of some physico-chemical properties of the soil (pH,
Ca, Mg, K, Av`. P (ppm), %TN, %OC, %OM) also showed that there is progressive change in
lime reated soil than untreated plots. The availability soil nutrients were increased for crop
growth and development lime application which consequently increased crop yield besides
keeping soil health for long term utilization. Thus, scaling up of the integrated soil test based
fertilizer and lime application technology is very crucial.
Key words: Acid soil, Cereal-legume, Grain yield, Lime, Participatory approach
97
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Soil Test Based Phosphorus Recommendation on
Teff Crop in Werra Jarso District of North Shewa Zone, Oromia
Abera Donis*1, Abreham Feyisa1 and Dejene Getahun1

1
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Fitche Agricultural Research Center,
P.O.Box 109, Fitche, Ethiopia
Abstract
Soil fertility depletion presents a major challenge for sustainable productivity in order to feed
the ever increasing population of the country. In view of this, pre-extension demonstration trail
was conducted at Werra Jarso district of North Shewa zone during 2018 cropping season using
optimum amount of nitrogen (92kgN/ha), critical P-value (10ppm) and Phosphorus requirement
factor (16.33) determined during soil test and crop response based phosphorus calibration study
in the year 2015. The treatments included were T1= (control no NP fertilizer), T2= (Blanket
recommendation NP fertilizer), T3= (soil test based P recommended rate) and T4= (soil test
based P recommended rate with local Teff variety) considering farmers as replication. The
improved teff variety (Kora) and local teff variety (Bora) were used as a test crop for the study.
Analysis of Variance indicated that there was significant difference (P<0.05) for the treatments
tested. The highest mean grain yield (1603 kg/ha) was recorded with the soil test based P
fertilizer recommendation rate (T3). The soil test based P fertilizer recommendation rate had
32.63% and 13.90 % grain yield advantage over the blanket type of fertilizer recommendation
both for improved and local variety. Based on this result, soil test based fertilizer
recommendation is economically feasible for teff production in the district. Therefore, scaling up
of the technology (determined Pc and Pf) should be undertaken to reach more farmers with the
technology.
Keywords: Demonstration, Soil test based, Blanket Recommendation, critical P-value,

Phosphorus requirement factor
98
Factor for Teff Crop at Lume District, East Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Tilahun Firomsa*1, Tilahun Abera1, Kefyalew Assefa2

1
Batu Soil Research Center, P.O.Box: 59, Batu, Ethiopia
2
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
*Corresponding Author, e-mail: [email protected],
Abstract
Participatory on farm demonstration of phosphorus critical and phosphorus requirement factor
for teff crop were carried out in Lume District in 2017 and 2018 with the objective of
demonstrating and popularizing soil test based phosphorus fertilizer recommendation through
Farmers‟ Research and Extension Group (FREG) approach. Accordingly, six sites were selected
from three Kebeles purposively and six FREGs; each consisting 10-15 members were organized
in each selected sites. Composite soil samples were collected and initial soil phosphorus was
analyzed for all sites. The demonstration treatments were established on adjacent plots each with
an area of 25 m x 25 m (650 m2), replicated over six farmers‟ fields. The highest mean grain
yield of 1975Kg ha-1 was obtained from the application of Soil Test Based Fertilizer
Recommendatiion (STBFR) with an extra 28% yield advantage over the farmers‟
practice(blanket recommendation) whereas the lowest mean grain yield of 1545 Kg ha-1 was
obtained from farmers' practice. Financial evaluation of the demonstration revealed that
maximum net benefit of (37,270ETB ha-1) was obtained from STBFR while minimum net benefit
of 28,361ETB ha-1 was obtained from farmers‟ practice.Thus large scale popularization of Soil
test based phosphorus fertilizer recommendation for teff crop is recommended in the study area.
Key words: Blanket recommendation, P- Critical; Pre- extension demonstration, P-requirement
factor; Teff.
99
Factor for Bread Wheat Crop at Lume District, East Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Tilahun Firomsa*1, Kefyalew Assefa2, Tilahun Abera1

1
Batu Soil Research Center, P.O.Box: 59, Batu, Ethiopia
2
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
*Corresponding Author: e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Participatory on farm demonstration of phosphorus critical and phosphorus requirement factor
for bread wheat crop were carried out at Lume District in the 2017 and 2018 with the
objective of demonstrating and popularizing soil test and bread wheat response based
phosphorus fertilizer recommendation through FREGs. Accordingly, six sites were selected
from five Kebeles purposively and six FREGs; each consisting 10-15 members were organized in
each selected sites. Composite soil samples were collected, analyzed and six initial soil
phosphorus (13ppm, 15.84ppm, 10ppm, 16ppm, 13.5ppm and 8.74) were identified for the sites.
The demonstration treatments were established on adjacent plots each having an area of 25 m x
25 m (625 m2) replicated over six sites. The analysis of variance indicated that, the highest mean
grain yield (3780.5Kg ha-1) was obtained from the application of Soil Test Based Phosphorus
Fertilizer Recommendation (STBFR) whereas the lowest mean grain yield (3046.3 Kg ha-1) was
obtained from Farmers' practice. The economic analysis also revealed that the maximum net
benefit (25809.33ETB ha-1) was obtained from STBFR while the minimum net benefit
(20378.19ETB ha-1) was obtained from farmers' practice. Thus, the Soil Test Based Phosphorus
Fertilizer Recommendation is recommended for further scaling up in the district.
Key words: Blanket recommendation; Bread wheat, P-Critical; P- requirement; Pre-extension

demonstration
100
Pre-extension Demonstration of In-Situ Moisture Conservation and Management
Practices for Sustainable Maize Production in Mid Land Areas of Bale Zone
Bayeta Gadissa*1, Amare Biftu1 and Ayalew Sida1
1
P.O.Box-208, Robe, Bale, Ethiopia
Abstract
Pre-extension demonstration of in-situ moisture conservation technology was carried out in
Ginnir District of Bale Zone, Southeast Oromia, Ethiopia using in-situ moisture conservation
technology (furrow) with farmers practice in 2018 cropping season. The main objective of the
study was to demonstrate and evaluate in-situ moisture conservation technologies under
farmers‟ condition. The demonstration was undertaken on sized 10m x 10m for each practice
with recommended seed and fertilizer rates. The result showed that, furrow practice performed
better (80.8qt/ha) than farmers‟ practice (70.3qt/ha). Furrow practice gave higher yield than the
famers‟ practice. Moreover, all participant farmers selected the furrow practice. Thus, it is
important to proceed to scaling up/out of the technology in all demonstration sites and similar
agro-ecologies.
Key words: Demonstration, Farmers‟ preference, In-situ, Furrow, Maize, Selection criteria
101
Pre-extension Demonstration of Moringa Preparation and Utilization Methods in
East Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Gemeda Terfassa and Desta Negeyo
Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box, 35
Abstract
Moringa plants are among high value a tree belongs to the Moringaceae family which consists
of 13 species and they are highly distributed in Africa and southern Asia. Eastern Shoa zones of
Oromia regional state in central part of Ethiopia have favorable agro climatic conditions for
cultivation of moringa tree species. However, there is a few numbers of local communities
experiencing Moringa trees production and consumption in the area. Thus, the objective of this
training and demonstration was to promote, popularize and improve public awareness on
moringa on procedures of moringa preparation for effective consumption and utilization in the
areas. Household interview followed by theoretical training with practical demonstration were
used for the demonstration. Random sampling methods were used to select 60 farmer
households, 4 experts and 7 DA‟s. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. The results
indicated that the interviewed farmers about 76% have no Moringa on their farm and as a result
most of them cannot identify Moringa visually. Similarly, many local farmers have no trees on
their garden, and almost all of them (84%) have no information about Moringa unless few
farmers with a piece of information on its medicinal uses alone. Many of the farmers only use
Moringa leaves when they sick, especially for blood pressure. However the farmers have a desire
to plant Moringa trees where as 40% of have a worry to get Moringa seedlings availability to
plant and they claimed that this causes absence of Moringa trees on our farm. About 40% of the
respondents were stated that, they only use Moringa for medicinal purpose, and in the same way
about 40% of them are not previously used Moringa at all, while the rest 20% of them used as
both for its medicinal and food source for some food type supplementation. However, many
locals have interested in planting Moringa trees to plant. Hence, Popularization of Moringa
should have to get attention by concerned stakeholders, especially on organizing continuous
seeds and /or seedlings sources for local communities.
Keywords: Miracle tree, Nutrient content, Farmers Research Group, Leave powder, Drying
process, Healthy leave
102
Pre-extension Demonstration of In-Situ Moisture Conservation Techniques on
Maize yield and yield components in Moisture Deficit area of Dugda Woreda, East
Shewa Zone, Ethiopia
Dulo Husen*1 and Zelalem shalemew 1
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute,
Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Batu, Ethiopia
Corresponding author Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The study was conducted during 2018 cropping season at Dugda Woreda to investigate the effect
of in situ moisture conservation techniques on grain yield and yield components of maize.
Treatments comprised of tied ridge, furrow closed at both end and farmer practice as control.
The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The
grain yield and thousand seed weight were highly significantly (p<0.001) difference on tied
ridge and furrow closed at both end as compared to farmer practices. But stand count and
number of cobs at harvest per hectare and plant height were not significantly (p>0.05)
difference on tied ridge, furrow closed at both end and farmer practice, respectively.
Tied ridge practices increased maize grain yield and thousand seed weight (gm)by up to 45.52%
(27.913Qtha-1) and 41.43% over farmer practice(control), respectively. Also furrow closed at
both end increased the grain yield and thousand seed weight (gm) by up 30.68% (18.82Qtha-1)
and 27.63% as compared to farmers' practice, respectively. These results claim the potential use
of tied ridge and furrow closed at both end improved grain yield and thousand seed weight in
study areas by enhancing moisture in the soil. Farmers should be more advisable to use in situ
moisture conservation structures widely in moisture deficit area for improving crop production.
Therefore, in situ moisture conservation (tied ridge and furrow closed at both end) structure is
promising moisture conservation structures to mitigate dry spell period and improve maize
production in the study area and similar agro ecology.
Key words: Tied ridge, Furrow closed at both end, yield and moisture deficit
103
2019/20
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Two Moringa Species in West Shewa and East
Wollega Zones, Oromia, Ethiopia
Mezgebu Senbeto*, Dawit Samuel, Fikadu Kitaba and Regassa Terefe

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Bako Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box: 03, Bako,
Ethiopia
Abstract
Moringa is a tropical plant belonging to the family Moringaceae. It consists of 13 species, of
which five are found in Ethiopia. Adaptation of two species namely Moringa stenopetala and
Moringa oleifera was conducted at Bako some years back. The present study was aimed to
demonstrate the two species on farmers‟ field and select the best performing farmers preferred
species for further popularization. The activity was conducted in Bako Tibe district of west
Shawa zone; Guto Gida, Diga, Wayu Tuqa and Boneya Boshe districts of east Wallegga zone. A
total of 7 FREG comprising 97 famers (81 male and 16 female) were established. The two
moringa species were planted on 36 farmers‟ field and 2 FTCs on an area of 10m*10m=100m2
each and 2m spacing between plants. Leaflets and practical training on moringa production,
importance and utilization were prepared and given for the farmers, DAs and experts from the
districts. A total of 172 farmers were interviewed to evaluate and select the best from the two
species depending on their growth performance, their fresh leaf taste and odor, and survival
rate. Based on the above criteria, 113 (65.7%) farmers preferred the Moringa oliefera. In
general, the two moringa species were performed well in most places, and the FREG member
farmers and neighbors are started to use the products of moringa at household level.
Key words: demonstration, FREG, moringa
104
Restoration and Rehabilitation of Degraded Land: The case of Termite
Management Technologies in Diga District, Wollega, Oromia, Ethiopia
Mezgebu Senbeto*, Regassa Terefe, Fikadu Kitaba and Dawit Samuel

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Bako Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box: 03, Bako,
Ethiopia
Abstract
Land degradation is a pervasive and systemic phenomenon. It is a global problem, adversely
affecting the livelihoods and food security of billions of people. Combating land degradation and
restoring degraded land is an urgent and a priority to protect the biodiversity and ecosystem
services vital to all life on Earth and to ensure human well-being in general. Majority of the
Kebele in Diga district was highly degraded, infested by termite and thus left bared throughout
the year. The present land restoration and rehabilitation demonstration activity was aimed to
restore vegetation cover, soil loss and most biodiversity components thereby re-initiating
livelihood activities on the mostly degraded land located in Mada Jalala kebele. We used
different restoration technologies, such as enclosing the area from livestock and human
interference, planting different termite tolerant tree/shrub species, manual plowing of the
compacted soil structures, sowing exotic grass species, soil and water conservation practices
such as filling with grass and other vegetation types into the gully erosion path ways. About 9
hectares of degraded area was covered. Planting of 7 termite tolerant tree/shrub species
(including Chomo grass) was made and on average about 90% are survived to date. Initial and
intermediate soil sample analysis and biodiversity data were collected and analyzed. From the
initial data of biodiversity analysis, species richness for plants were only 7, while for birds but
other wildlife was zero prior to the implementation. The intermediate biodiversity assessment
data shows that species richness of vegetation (grass and plants) becomes 70, of which 85.7%
are naturally regenerated. About 7 birds‟ species and 6 other wildlife species have been also
restored in to the area. From satellite image analysis, vegetation coverage of the study site
increased from 22.22% in 2016 to 83.33% in 2019. This achievement is a clue for practicing
similar restoration and rehabilitation in Diga district in particular; termite damaged and
degraded lands of the western Oromia in general.
Key words: biodiversity, degraded lands, rehabilitation, restoration
105
Cluster based pre-scaling up of soil test based p-fertilizer recommendation rate for
maize in Bedele and Chora districts of Buno Bedele zone.
*Suleiman Aman, Gedefa Sori, Dagne Chimdessa, Dechasa Mengistu and Garoma Firdissa
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (OARI), Bedele Agricultural Research Center

P.O.Box-167, Buno Bedele, Bedele, Oromia
Abstract
Cluster based pre scaling up was conducted with the objective of popularizing soil test based
fertilizer recommendation rate for maize in Bedele and Chora districts in 2019/20 cropping
season. Two kebeles were selected from both districts based on road accessibility and land
representativeness. Accordingly, 52 farmers having 45 male and 7 female were selected in
collaboration with community leaders, development agents and researchers from Bedele
Agricultural Research Center. The total land size used for cluster based pre scaling up of soil
test based fertilizer recommendation rate for maize was 15 ha in which 8 ha was planted by
shone variety at Bedele whereas 7 ha was planted by BH661 variety in Chora district. The
recommended N- fertilizer rate was 92 kg ha-1 for Bedele and 46 kg ha-1 for Chora. P-rate was
determined as per the soil test result. To further enhance the technology dissemination, training
was provided to 70 participants and farmers‟ field day was organized comprising 213
participants. The average yield obtained variable by variety & location such that 7.28 tons ha-1
at Bedele and 5.2 tons ha-1 at Chora. Thus, soil test based fertilizer recommendation rate is
advocated for further scaling up/out activity for maize producer farmers in the study areas by
district and zonal agricultural offices.
Key Words: Cluster, Pre -scaling up, soil test based fertilizer recommendation rate
106
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Soil Test crop response Based Phosphorus
Recommendation on Bread Wheat in Yaya Gullele District of North Shewa Zone,
Oromia
Dejene Getahun*, Abreham Feyisa, Abera Donis and Lello Dejene

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (IQQO), Fitche Agricultural Research Center, Fitche
*
Abstract
Wheat is a major crop produced in Ethiopian high lands which is a staple food crop. Regardless
of this fact, the average productivity of the crop both at National and Regional level is very low
as compared with the world average yield due to different factors among which low soil fertility
is the major ones. Hence, Pre-extension demonstration of soil test based crop response
phosphorus calibration study on bread wheat was conducted at Yaya Gullale district of North
Shewa zone during 2019/20 cropping season with the objectives to demonstrate P - critical value
and P- requirement factor for phosphorus recommendation of bread wheat. Five kebeles were
purposively selected based on the wheat production potential in the study area. A total of six
farmer‟s fields with initial phosphorus concentration below critical p-concentration for the
district were selected. Five Farmers Research Group (FREG) comprising 75 farmers (55 male &
20 female) were established and thus 1 FREG at each kebeles was organized and training was
delivered for farmers, DAs, and district experts on soil test crop response based phosphorus
recommendation for bread wheat production. The bread wheat crop were fertilized by blanket
recommendation (100:100 kg ha-1 of Urea and DAP) and soil test based crop response
phosphorus recommendation on 20m*20m plot size. The phosphorus fertilizer rate was
calculated based on the formula [(23-pi)*3.76] established for the district. Improved variety of
bread wheat Danda‟a was used as a test crop with 150 kg ha-1 seed rate. Grain yield and
farmers feedback/preference were collected. The results of the study revealed that the soil
reaction (H2O) were moderately to slightly acidic with the value ranged from 5.54 to 6.54, low to
high available P with the value ranged from 7.92 to 20.73 ppm. The result of the study also
showed that, the highest grain yield and net income were obtained from application of Soil test
based P-fertilizer recommendation supplemented with 92 kg ha-1 N which gave 49.48% yield
advantage over the blanket fertilizer recommendation. Thus, farmers in the district of Yaya
Gulelle could be advised to use soil test based crop response phosphorus recommendation to
increase the bread wheat production.
Key words: FREG, Pre-extension demonstration, Soil test based Fertilizer recommendation
107
Cluster Based Pre-Scaling Up of Soil Test Crop Response Based Phosphorus
Recommendation on Teff (Eragrostis Tef (Zucc.)) in Were Jarso District of North
Shewa, Zone, Oromia
Dejene Getahun*1 , Abera Donis1, Lello Dejene1

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (IQQO), Fitche Agricultural Research Center ,Oromia,
*
Abstract
Cluster Based Pre-scaling up of Soil Test Crop Response Based Phosphorus Recommendation on
Teff in Were Jarso District of North Shewa Zone was conducted during 2019/2020 cropping
season. The main objective of this study was to enhance rapid diffusion, adoption and
dissemination of the technology, to collect farmer‟s feedback and perceptions of the area. Three
cluster fields were established in different kebeles of the district. Three FREG were established in
selected kebeles comprising of 15 members each (45 in total, 38 male 7 female farmers).
Training was provided for farmers, DA‟s, experts from zone and districts on issues like soil
fertility, crop production and soil test based fertilizer recommendation technology. Land was
donated from farmers by their willingness and sown on 18 farmers‟ field. The phosphorus
fertilizer rate was calculated based on the formula [(10-pi)*16.33] established for the district
and recommended nitrogen for the area was applied. Improved variety of teff (Kuncho and
Dagim) was used. At maturity stage of the crop, field day was arranged to visit the crop field
jointly with farmers, DAs, SMS, district and zonal expert. Data on soil pH, available phosphorus,
total number of farmers participated on training, field visits and field days, farmers‟ perception
towards technology, stakeholder‟s participation and grain yield was collected. The study showed
that, the soil pH of experimental field was found between 5.54 to 6.42, which is in the range of
moderately acidic to slightly acidic. The available phosphorus content of soils of the study areas
was found between 5 to 9.74ppm which is low. The highest grain yield (1656 kg ha-1) was
obtained from kuncho teff variety at cluster-1(Abbu Kekku site) and also 1125 and 937.5 kg ha-1
was obtained from Dagim variety at cluster-2 (Wale Cilalo site) and cluster-3 (Lenco Borsu)
respectively. Data with regards to perception, all participants prefer the technology during field
day and training. Therefore, the farmers in the district of Were Jarso could be advised to use soil
test based crop response phosphorus recommendation and to be scaled up in all demonstration
sites to increase the teff production.
Key words: Cluster based Pre-Scaling Up, FREG, Soil Test Based Phosphorus Recommendation
108
Cluster based Pre Scaling up of Soil test based Teff response Phosphorus
recommendation and Requirement map in Lume district, East Shewa, Oromia,
Ethiopia.
Tilahun Firomsa*, Tilahun Abera and Reta Worku

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (IQQO), Batu Soil Research Center, P.O.Box: 59,
Batu Oromia ,Ethiopia
Abstract
Soil fertility improvement technology demonstration through large scale is the main entry for
wider popularization and acceptance of technology by the small holders. Large scale
demonstration of soil test based fertilizer recommendation and Phosphorus requirement map for
teff was done at Lume district in 2019 cropping season with the objectives to popularize the
technology and to create awareness among tef producers in the district. Depending on the
willingness of the farmers, three clusters were organized in two different Kebele in the district,
where a total of 40 farmers (36 male & 4 female) participated & each cluster have 13-14
members. A total area of 18.08 ha of land was planted participating 40 beneficiary farmers (36
male and 4 female). Awareness creation & training was given for farmers in collaboration with
district expertise & DAs on the subject matter. Based on fertilizer requirement map and soil test
phosphorus recommendation, 150 kg NPS ha-1 & 46 kg N ha-1 was recommended and Boset teff
variety was sawn at the rate of 30 kg ha-1. Field days were organized three times (at Kebele,
Woreda and Regional level) during Field days stakeholders from different research centers;
Oromia Agricultural Bureau, Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, district and Zone experts
were participated. Grain Yield data were collected from each clustered field. Accordingly, total
grain yield of 36700 kg was harvested from 18.08 ha of land, giving the average productivity of
2005 kg ha-1. Therefore, this technology should be further popularized and the collaboration of
all stalk holders is very important for wider expansion of the technology in the district & similar
agro ecologies.
Key words: Phosphorus requirement Map, pre-scaling up, Soil test based fertilizer
application.
109
Cluster based Pre Scaling up of Soil test based Bread wheat response Phosphorus
recommendation and Requirement map in Lume district, East Shewa, Oromia,
Ethiopia
Tilahun Firomsa*, Tilahun Abera and Reta Worku

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (IQQO), Batu Soil Research Center, P.O.Box: 59,
Batu Oromia, Ethiopia
Abstract
Large scale demonstration of soil test based phosphorus recommendation through phosphorus
requirement map is very important for production maximization and soil technology
dissemination at farmers‟ level. Demonstration of soil test based crop response phosphorus
recommendation and requirement map for bread wheat crop was done at Lume district in 2019
cropping season. The objectives of the demonstration were to popularize soil test based fertilizer
recommendation and phosphorus requirement map at large scale for the stakeholders. Two
representative wheat potentials producing Kebele were purposively selected. Awareness creation
was given for Farmers, SMS and Development agents. Farmers were organized in two clusters
having adjacent land of 8.13 ha and beneficiary farmers were 26 (21 males and 5 Females). Soil
sample were collected, soil initial phosphorus values were analyzed, and fertilizer
recommendation were determined and verified with the fertilizer requirement map. Input
(fertilizer and seed) were provided according to phosphorus requirement map and the seed rate.
Field days were organized at Kebele, woreda and regional level and many stakeholders were
participated (Farmers, SMS, researchers and regional, zonal and Woreda level officials) were
participated on the field day. Grain yield data and Opinion test on the large scale demonstration
was collected and summarized using descriptive statistic. Average grain yield 4595 kg ha-1 was
obtained from all clusters. This implied that yield increase of about 56% over the regional
average yield and 68% yield advantage over the national average yield (NAY). Farmers and
stakeholders appreciated the newly conducted cluster approach technology scale up particularly
the soil test based crop response and phosphorus requirement map. Therefore, Phosphorus
requirement map based fertilizer recommendation is important to increase bread wheat
production in Lume district. This recalls for further popularization of such technologies & close
collaboration of stakeholders.
Key words: Bread wheat, demonstration, p-requirement map
110
Pre-Extension Demonstration and Evaluation of improved Desho Grass Varieties in
West and Kellem Wollega Zones
Hika Tesfa *, Demeksa Umer
Wollega, Ethiopia.
Abstract
Among the recommended mitigation strategies of feed shortage in the country, the utilization of
indigenous adaptable multi-purpose fodder species, e.g. Desho grass (Pennisetum pedicellatum)
is recommended. To minimize animal feed shortage problem in West and Kellem Wollega zone,
pre-extension demonstration of improved Desho grass was carried out with full participation of
farmers on fourteen (14) trial farmers' fields using the farmer’s field as replication. Six (6)
FREGs with a total of 98 member farmers (67 male and 31 female farmers) were organized. Four
(4) improved varieties of Desho grass (Kindu kosha 2 DZ #591, Kulumsa DZ#592, Kindu kosha
1DZ#589 and Areka DZ#590) were demonstrated with the objective of demonstrating and
evaluating varieties under farmer’s management condition in Seyo and Dale Sedi districts of
Kellem Wollega zone and Lalo asabi and Guliso districts of West Wollega zone for two
consecutive cropping seasons (2018 & 2019). Training is among the tools used to create
awareness on the importance of Desho grass production, how to manage, when to use and how to
store. Agronomic data like sample fresh weight and dry weight was recorded and biomass yield
were analyzed to evaluate the performance of varieties. Accordingly, the relative dry and fresh
biomass yield of these varieties were 7.12 tons ha-1 and 49.075 tons ha-1 for Dz-592, 6.5 tons ha-
1
and 45 tons ha-1 for Dz-591, 6.70 tons ha-1 and 46.675 tons ha-1 for Dz-589 and 6.89 tons ha-1
and 44.5 tons ha-1 for DZ #590. Participatory varietal selection and evaluation was done with
different stakeholders. Accordingly, farmers were informed to set their own selection criteria to
evaluate and select best performing varieties among the demonstrated varieties. The prioritized
selection criteria were biomass yield, cattle preference and palatability (nature of stem). Based
on the measured quantitative trait and farmers preference, Kulumsa DZ#592 and Kindu kosha 1
DZ#589 were selected to be popularized by large scale in west and Kellam Wollega zones.
Key words: Demonstration, Desho grass, Farmer’s preference
111
Pre-extension Demonstration of Vertisol Management Structures with Mechanized
Farm in Adaba district, West Arsi, Ethiopia
Negash Bedaso* and Chala Chimdesa
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (IQQO), Sinana Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box
208, Bale Robe, Ethiopia
Abstract
Vertisols cover large part of the high rainfall areas of Ethiopia. However, the potential of these
soils is not well exploited because of heavy water logging during the main rain season. This
problem can be mitigated using different drainage systems. Field experiment was conducted
from 2015 to 2017 to investigate the effects of different drainage systems on yield of bread wheat
on the waterlogged Vertisols. Pre demonstration, camber bed drainage system was verified as
best vertisol management in Adaba District. Hence, pre-extension demonstration of this
drainage practices was conducted at Hunte, Oromia seed enterprise farm. Bread wheat Ogolcho
variety was planted on cumber bed and also on flat bed as a check on an equal area of 2500m2
(0.25 ha) for each. Camber beds were made on a raised profile of 4.8m wide and 0.3cm high
from the furrow to the top of the bed. This was performed by adjusting tractor drown machine
called “dicher” during land preparation. Also farmer practice land preparation was carried out
with tractor drown machine. Initial land preparation and all other crop management practices
were the same for both land form. The result revealed that bread wheat grown on improved
drainage techniques camber bed had better yield advantage as compared to farmers‟ practices.
The highest bread wheat biomass yield of 8 t ha-1 which is 37.5% higher over the farmers
practice (flatbed) were recorded and the highest grain yield of 6.2 t ha -1 which is 35% higher
over the famers‟ practice was obtained when the bread wheat was grown using camber bed. In
addition, farmers‟ preference toward the technology was collected through supervision and
organizing mini field day. Group discussion was undertaken and checklist was used for
interviewing. Accordingly, camber bed vertisol drainage system was selected by farmers on the
bases of its yield advantage, good wheat performance and well-drained soil compared to flatbed
during the growing season. Therefore, camber bed land form technology was recommended for
further scaling up in mitigating water logging in Vertisols at Adaba for production of bread
wheat.
Key words: Bread wheat, Camber bed, Ogolcho, water logging
112
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
2016/17
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Animal Drawn Cart through FREG in Selected
AGP-II Districts of Bale Zone
1
Aman Nebo* and 2Ashebir Tsegaye
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute Asella Agricultural Engineering Research Center
Abstract
In most parts of rural Ethiopia, transportation of goods is carried out by women and children
who physically carry the goods. The research activity was carried out in two purposively
selected AGP-II districts of Bale zone with the objectives of demonstrating and popularizing
Asella model animal drawn cart and enhancing linkage between research, extension and farmers
in the study area. Based on the topography of the area, Agarfa and Sinana, which are
appropriate for animal drawn cart were selected purposively and two PAs from each district
were selected and total of four FREGs each having twenty member farmers were established
based on their willingness and innovativeness. Out of total 71 FREGs members around 34%
were females. Practical and theoretical trainings were given to farmers, DAs and district expert
on importance of rural transport in general and specifically on Asella model animal drawn cart,
how to use and undertake simple maintenances. Training was organized mainly focusing on
promotion of technology and awareness creation to farmers and participant stakeholders. All
participants in the technology demonstration activities preferred this technology over the
traditional way of transporting agricultural products to market & other different places.
Key word: Animal drawn cart, Demonstration, Popularization
113
Pre-Extension Demonstration of milk churner Technology through FREG in
Selected AGP-II Districts of Arsi Zone
1
Aman Nebo*, Tamirat Gebiso
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Asella Agricultural Engineering Research Center
Abstract
The research activity was carried out in 2016 in two purposively selected AGP-II districts of Arsi
zone namely Munessa and Digalu-Tijo with objectives of popularizing plastic milk churner,
minimizing women‟s workload and time consumed to churn milk in traditional way. From these
districts, four peasant associations were purposively selected from both districts based on their
potential of dairy production. Four FREG groups which have twenty members of farmers
composed of male, female and youth were organized in the selected peasant associations to
undertake demonstration and popularization of plastic milk churner. The training was given to
farmers, DAs and districts‟ dairy experts focusing on how to use the technology, advantages of
technology over the traditional ones. A total of 61FREGs member farmers of which around 41%
males and 59% females have participated on training and demonstration activities. The use of
new technology reduces churning by two-third in relative to traditional one i.e. from 90minutes
to 29.5minutes. Moreover, it highly reduces work drudgery and preferred by whole FREG
members.
Key words: demonstration, FREGs, Plastic milk churner, popularization
114
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Hay-Box Chicken Brooder through Farmers
Research Extension Group in Selected AGP-II Districts of Arsi and West Arsi Zones
1
Aman Nebo* and 2Abayineh Awgichew
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Asella Agricultural Engineering Research Center
Abstract
The research activity was carried out in three purposively selected districts namely Digalu-Tijo
from Arsi, Asasa and Adaba from west Arsi zones with objectives of demonstrating and
popularizing hay-box chick brooding technology to farmers and enhancing linkage between
research, extension and farmers in the study areas. From these districts, six peasant associations
were purposively selected based on their accessibility. A total of six FRE groups (one at each
PA) with twenty members each were organized to undertake demonstration and popularization
of hay-box chicken brooder. FREG members composed of male, female and youth. A total of 92
farmers of which 54.36% were female farmers have attended the training. From each FREG, one
trial farmer was selected and a brooder having capacity of twenty chickens was given with
twenty chickens bought from commercial firms in Bishoftu. Feeds that can serve for three months
were also supplied to farmers. Out of the total 121 chickens distributed to farmers only five died
and around 96% grown. Mini-field-days were organized to share experiences and knowledge
and all the farmers who attended the process and result demonstrations understood the double
advantages of this technology (reducing number of chickens died because of predator and save
time that the broody hens spent to rear chickens) and preferred the technology to rear their
chickens.
Key words: Demonstration, Hay Box Chick Brooder, Popularization, Training
115
2017/18
Pre-extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Improved Small Scale Pulpier for
Wet Coffee
*Kemeru Dalecha, Tamiru Dibaba, Teklewold Dabi
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Jimma Agricultural Engineering Research Center
Abstract
Pre-extension Demonstration of Small Scale Wet Coffee Pulper was conducted in Jimma and
Buno Bedele Zones of Oromia Regional State in 2017/18. The objectives of the study were to
evaluate the performance of improved pulper for wet coffee, to demonstrate the technology and
to create awareness to the farmers in the study area. One kebele was selected from each of the
three districts (Goma, Gera and Chora). Participants were organized in three FREG groups
having 45 members. The evaluation result showed that the machine has pulping capacity of
173.06 kg/hour, 95.5% cleaning efficiency and with relatively less grain breakage (9%) for the
pulped wet coffee. Perception response showed that the machine has good cleaning capacity by
75.6% respondents and 24.4% of the respondents ranked it to the medium performance.
Moreover, majority of the respondents (82.3%) perceived that it has good efficiency and the rest
17.7% perceived as medium performance. The machine is also preferred for its minimum seed
breakage, easy to operate and simple to transport. Generally the feedback data showed that the
farmers have positively perceived the machine simply by observing its pulping efficiency,
breakage percentage and pulping capacity as it has good performance compared to the local
pulping method. Thus, the machine is recommended for for further scaling up.
Keywords: - Pre-extension demonstration, Pulpier, Pulping Capacity, Wet Coffee
116
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Hand Operated Winnower for Cereal Crops
Cleaning in Jimma and Buno Bedele Zones of Oromia
*Kemeru Dalecha, Husen Bona, Teklewold Dabi
Jimma Agricultural Engineering Research Center
Abstract
Cereal crops Winnower was demonstrated in Dedo, Gomma, Nadda districts of Jimma Zone and
Bedele & Gechi districts of Buno Bedele Zone in 2017/18 with the objectives of evaluating the
performance of improved winnower and demonstrating its importance and use to the farmers of
the study area. Six FTCs were selected from five districts as hosting centers for the
demonstration of the technology. A total of 234 farmers (90 Female, 144 Male) attended the field
demonstration at different sites. The evaluation result showed that the machine has winnowing
capacity (kg/min) of 7.68, 2.41 and 2.16; cleaning efficiency (%) of 97.22, 90.89, and 83.56 with
relatively less product loss of 0.33, 3.33 and 6.0 for maize, wheat, and teff seeds, respectively.
Therefore, there is a need to further scale up farmers‟ use of the cleaning machine.
Keywords: Pre-extension demonstration, Winnower
117
Participatory Demonstration and Evaluation of Family Level Rain Water Harvesting
Technologies in East Shoa Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia
Zelalem Shelemew, Dulo Husen and Abay Chala

Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.o.Box 35 Ziway, Ethiopia
Abstract
Participatory Demonstration and Evaluation of Family Level Rain Water Harvesting activity
was carried out for two year (2016/17-2017/18) in Lume Woreda (Ejersa Joro, Ejersa, Korma
Fatole and Muda Senkele) areas. One FREG was established per PA and a total of 4 farmers
(one at each site) were selected to host the experiment. Four plastic lined trapezoidal water
harvesting structures made of silt trap were constructed at each site. Introductory training
related to water harvesting structures, harvested water utilization and its management was given
to FREG members. The input cost for 11m x 11m pound excavation includes 6719 Birr for geo
membrane plastic sheet (14m*14m), 400 Birr for agricultural inputs (seed, fertilizer etc) & 2000
for labor cost. The marginal rate of return goes to 11,431 birr simply by growing brassica and
by producing local blocket. The result of the study revealed that constructing water harvesting
structure in dry and moisture stress area is the most important in improving farmers‟ income &
the livelihood than those farmers dependent on rain fed farming. When the structures are
compared in terms of water storage and its income generation options, it is 100% better than
those which have no water harvesting structures. None host farmers who have got the
opportunity to visit the structures were very much surprised, the benefit from harvested water
and stayed on pond for longer period (more than four month and half) than they expected.
Therefore, popularizing this technology in areas with similar agro ecology & moisture stressed
environments are very crucial and utilization of harvested water and management of the pond,
and on control of seepage, evaporation loss and siltation minimization.
Key words: FREG, Supplementary irrigation, Revenue, Water Harvesting, Revenue
118
Pre-extension Demonstration of Coffee Huller in E. Wollega Zone
Girma Ajama*, Aliyi Abdulahi, Gemechisa Yadeta, Gelgelo Kibi
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (OARI), Bako Agricultural Engineering Research Center
P.O Box 07 Bako, West Shoa, Ethiopia
*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The research was carried out for a year (2016/17 & 2017/18) in two AGP-ІІ beneficiary
woredas viz. Wayu Tuka and Gida Ayana, with the specific objectives of creating awareness on
coffee huller technology among farmers and evaluating performance of the machine through
FREG approach. A total of 60 farmers were included & sex was considered when FREG was
estalished. In the course of implementing the project, farmers received two days training that
focused mainly on awareness creation on characteristics of the technology, merit of the machine
compared to farmers practice, procedures to be followed in implementing the technology
evaluation. Following the two days training, successful technology demonstrations were carried
out during which farmers evaluated the technology on their farm and verified that the technology
worked well under their circumstances. The introduced technology saved on average 9.7
hours per quintal for hulling activity, compared to the hulling time that could be taken to
following the traditional methods. About 94% of the farmers said that there is difference in
labour requirement between the traditional and the new coffee huller. However, the rest (6%)
said that there is no difference in labour requirement between the two methods. Therefore, based
on the encouraging results obtained in the pre-extension demonstration, the technology was
recommended for wider popularization and pre scaling out.
Key words: Coffee, Coffee hulling, Demonstration, FREG
119
Pre–Extension Demonstration of Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting based Drip
Irrigation System for hot Pepper Production in selected districts of Harari Regional
State
Lalisa Ofga and Jemal Nur
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Fedis Agricultural Research Centre, Agricultural
EngineeringResearch Directorate Soil and Water (Irrigation) Engineering Team, P.o.Box 904,
Harar, Ethiopia
Abstract
Agriculture is only possible when there is availability of water. Water harvesting can reduce the
risk substantially by facilitating early planting, by taking maximum advantage of the rainfall,
thereby insuring crop against rainfall irregularities. Therefore, the aim of this study was;
demonstration and awareness creation on drip irrigation technology using roof top rain water
harvesting through pepper production at household level. The study was carried out for two
year2 (2016 & 2017) in Harari Regional state of Erere Waldiya district (Erer Dodota Kebele)
and Sofi district of Kile kebele. Two kebeles (PAs) were selected for the implementation of the
activity based on willingness, availability of corrugated iron houses, accessible of site/parcel of
lands. From each PA 15 farmers were grouped in the form of Farmers Research & Extension
Group (FREG) with consideration of gender balances. Among them, two trial farmers were
selected for implementation of intended work. Where 28 farmers were participated in conducting
the field works like; land preparation, drip system layout and water harvesting structures
installation on selected trial farmers accordingly. Economic evaluation or cost benefit analysis
of drip irrigation method for hot pepper production using roof top rain water harvesting was
done. Accordingly, yield performance hot pepper under drip irrigation method showed 95.9 and
108.4 kg were harvested from a total area of 10 m2 from Kile and Erer dodota, respectively.
Thereafter the system NPW (net present worth) and BCR (benefit cost ratio) for 10 years life
span of drip system computed as 59062.3 Birr and 8.3 respectively. As a result, it can said that
drip irrigation system is feasible though its initial investment is high. Based on those criteria, the
FREGs evaluation showed that, drip irrigation method was preferred by farmers and ranked first
in both PAs due to its better water saving methods, operation simplicity, labour & level of
acceptance of the technology reaches, 92.11% to 89.47% at Erer dodota and Kile, respectively.
Therefore Farmers should either get subsidy from government, loan from financial and credit
institutions or organize in to cooperatives to pool money so that they can afford the heavy
investment cost of drip sets.
Key words: Drip irrigation demonstration, Partial budget analysis, Rooftop water harvesting
120
2018/19
Pre-extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Animal Drawn Potato Digger in
Selected AGP-II Districts of Harari Region, Ethiopia
Abdulaziz Teha*, Jemal Nur, Kibrat Ketama
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Fedis Agricultural Research Centre
*Corresponding Authors E-mail:[email protected]
Abstract
Pre-extension Demonstration of potato Digger was conducted at Dire Tayara of Harari
Regional State. The objectives of the study were to demonstrate improved potato digger
technology and to create awareness to the farmers on potato digger technology in the study area.
The selected farmers were organized in two FRG groups having 30 members. The evaluation
result showed that the potato digger has Working speed 1.57km/hr, Working width 35cm,
Working depth 15cm and effective time of 0.39hr. Perception response showed that the potato
digger has good Working speed, Good Tuber lifting up, Low tuber damage and Good working
width, high time saving. Thus, the potato digger is recommended for further scaling up.
Key words: FREG, Potato, potato digger
121
Participatory Evaluation and Demonstration of Overflow Pump through Farmer
Research Extension Group under Irrigation in Jimma Zone
Mengistu Jifara*1, Teklawold Dabi1, Abu Dedo1 and Demalash Adugna1
1
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute,Jimma Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 386,
Jimma, Ethiopia
*Corresponding Authour: [email protected]
Abstract
This study was conducted in four districts of Jimma zone namely Omo Nada,Dedo,Gomma and
Gera with the objectives of Participatory Evaluation and Demonstration of Overflow Pump
technology, creating awareness among farmers and raise demand on the use of overflow pump
technology. Eight peasants were selected purposely and from each peasant association eight
groups of farmers were organized. Data was collected from these groups using simple check list,
field observation and participants comment on the demonstration of technology. These data were
analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard
deviation. The result of this study revealed that almost all participant households perceived that
the demonstration of overflow pump could help them for their future irrigation practices. Based
on survey conducted, 86.28% of respondents (N= 164) agreed that the overflow pump increased
yield. With regard to the possibility of producing vegetable crops at least twice per year using
overflow pump, about 76.47% of the sampled respondents were reported that the use of the
overflow pump technology enabled crop production more than twice a year while 15.69%
disagree with production of crops more than twice a year. Therefore, it is recommended that
different concerned stakeholders have to pay attention to multiply and disseminate the
technology so as to diversify the income of rural farmers and to attain their dietary balance for
their family.
Key word: Overflow pump, irrigation, demonstration, demonstration
122
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Animal Drawn Cart in Selected AGP-II Districts of
Jimma & Buno Bedelle Zones, Oromia, Ethiopia
Kemeru Dalecha*1, Husen Bona1, Teklewold Dabi1
1
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Jimma Agricultural Engineering Research Center
P.O.Box 386
*Corresponding author’s E-mail Account: [email protected]
Abstract
The study was conducted in Jimma and Buno Bedele Zones of Oromia National Regional State,
with the objective of demonstrating the Asella model Animal Drawn Cart to the farmers of the
study areas. Three demonstration sites were selected from Nada district and other three sites
from Gechi & Bedelle districts for the study purposes. Participants were organized in six FREGs
having a total of 60 members. The demonstration result showed that the Asella model Animal
Drawn Cart has got good acceptance by participant farmers for having less weight, fitness to
topography and durability. The perception response showed that the cart has good performance
and can be used appropriately in their locality fitting to the existing topography. Thus, based on
the study result, the Asella model Animal Drawn Cart is recommended for further scaling up in
the study areas and other areas having similar topography.
Keywords: - Pre-extension, Demonstration, Cart, Animal Drawn, transportation
123
2019/20
Pre-Scaling up of In Situ Moisture Conservation Techniques on Maize (Zea mays L.)
yield in Dugda District.
Dulo Husen* Zelalem Shalemew, Ayub Jelde, Anbase Ambosa and Tesfaye Gemechu
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (IQQO), Adami Tulu Agricultural Research
Center,P.O.Box 35, Batu,Ethiopia
Corresponding author Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The activity was conducted during 2019 cropping season in Dugda District of Tepho Choroke
Kebele. The objective was to scale up the selected in situ moisture conservation structures
(Tied ridge and furrow closed at both ends) and analyzed cost benefit of the structures. Five
FREG groups were established in Peasant Association (PA) of Dugda District. The total
number FREG members were hold 30 male and 10 female farmers. A total of 126 farmers, 2
DAs, 4 SMS and 16 others were participated on the training respectively. The mean yield
obtained from tied ridge and furrow closed at both ends were 9941 and 8674 kg ha-1,
respectively and sold 850 Birr qt-1 at the current price. The net benefit obtained from tied
ridge and furrow closed at both end were 56,230 and 45,194-Birr ha-1, respectively. This
implied that, the profit obtained from tied ridge was much better than furrow closed at both
end. This structure is much better in increasing yield and crop residue of maize. In addition,
the total estimated profit obtained from furrow closed at both end are much better than the
usual farmers practice. This also implied that in situ moisture conservation structure (tied
ridge and furrow closed at both ends) are more economical and better if it is more scaled up
in the study area and similar agro ecologies. Extension worker and Woreda Agricultural
Bureau should have given attention to popularized and scaling up this technology to
overcome problem of moisture deficit and food insecurity and improve agricultural
production in the study area and similar agro ecologies.
Key words: FREG, Furrow closed at end, Net benefit, Tied ridge
124
Pre-Extension Demonstration and Participatory Evaluation of Different Furrow
Irrigation under Tomato Production at Sayo District, Kellem Wollega Zone,
Western Oromia
Bedada Yadete, Tamasgen Mosisa, Kebena Balude
Wollega, Ethiopia.
Abstract
Alternate furrow irrigation (AFI) was believed to improve water use efficiency and labor without
a significant tradeoff in yield. This led to performance evaluation of alternate, fixed and
conventional furrow irrigation systems. The main objective of the present study was, therefore,
to demonstrate and evaluate different furrow irrigation methods using Tomato production, to
determine and demonstrate more water saving furrow irrigation system and build stakeholders
linkage through participatory evaluation of different furrow irrigation. Participatory evaluation
has been under taken among alternate furrow irrigation, fixed furrow irrigation and Conventional
furrow irrigation at Sayo district irrigation experimental site for tomato production in 2018/19 in
RCBD replicated three times. Results were compared on the basis of flow parameters (advance
and recession time), water use efficiencies (application, distribution, storage and crop water use
efficiency (CWUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE). Then established, one FREG
having 20 members were selecting alternate furrow irrigation (AFI) method based on available
water resources around sayo and yield obtained in case of benefit cost ratio. Results obtained
from this study showed that the Alternate furrow irrigation system lead to lesser water input yet
was still able to generate tomato yield comparable to Conventional furrow irrigation. Yields of
the tomato in double row on ridge system under an Alternate furrow irrigation system were
similar to those under the Conventional furrow irrigation. Alternate furrow irrigation keeps yield
same to Conventional furrow irrigation, these results were obtained while it maintains acceptable
tomato yield and quality. Alternate furrow irrigation and Fixed furrow irrigation were also saved
labor by 50% because in Conventional furrow irrigation all furrows irrigated at same time while
in Alternate furrow irrigation and Fixed furrow irrigation only half furrows. Therefore, time and
labor reduced by half and improves working conditions as technology allows irrigator moving on
the dry furrows. Alternate Furrow Irrigation can save a substantial amount of water and labor
without reduction of yield. This also demonstrates that crop water use efficiency will be
increased by using Alternate Furrow Irrigation which may result in substantial benefits, under
limited water condition, labor saving and improved flexibility in farm irrigation management are
also expected to be achieved using Alternate furrow irrigation. The water thus saved may be used
to irrigate additional area that would provide additional crop production. Based on this study,
Alternate Furrow Irrigation system appears to be a promising alternative for water conservation
and labor saving without negligible trade-off in yield.
Key words: Irrigation, production, Water
125
Pre-Extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Engine Operated Cereal Crop
Winnower
*Kemeru Dalecha, Husen Bona, Kumale Sedeso, Teklewold Dabi & Tolasa Birhanu
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Jimma Agricultural Engineering Research Center;
Fax (047)111-53-96, Ethiopia
*Corresponding author’s email: [email protected],
Abstract
The study was conducted in Jimma Zones of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia in 2018 and
2019. The objective of the study was to demonstrate and evaluate the engine operated
winnower performance for cereal crops (wheat, teff, maize & sorghum) under the farmers’
condition in the study area. Four sites were selected as hosting centers for the
popularization of the technology namely Chalte, Doyo Yaya, Sito and Soya Adami selected
from two districts (Dedo, and Nada). A total of 174 farmer (60 Female, 114Male)
households had attended the field demonstration at different sites involving men and
women participation. The evaluation result showed that the machine has saved farmers’
labor and time having average time taken 18.67, 38, 45.33 and 40.66 seconds for maize,
wheat, teff and sorghum, with winnowing capacity 9.28, 4.14, 3.37 and 3.83 kg/min,
cleaning efficiency (%) of 96.33, 87.44, 84.78 and 86.67, showing different performance
for the different crops. This implied that the machine perform winnowing activity in a
better way than the local methods with relatively less percentage of the product loss of
0.35, 3.58, 6.06 and 7.10 for maize, wheat, teff, and sorghum seeds, respectively. The
participant farmers’ perception responses being in the range of 56% to 82 % showed that
the engine operated winnower has good capacity whereas 18 to 44 % responded to
medium level while no respondents ranked it to poor capacity for the entire crops. As a
result, most of the farmers have positively perceived to this machine towards its capacity.
Concerning the cleaning efficiency of the machine, 56 % to 78 % of the participant farmers
perceived that it has good cleaning efficiency. But 22 to 44 % respondents perceived that
the machine ranked to have a medium cleaning efficiency for the four crop types under the
study while no respondents perceived the machine has poor cleaning efficiency.
Keywords: Capacity, Cleaning Efficiency, Crops, Engine operated, Grain Loss, Winnower,
126
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Portable Poultry House and Hay-Box Brooder for
Rural Women In Jimmaa Zones
Kemeru Dalecha, Kumale Sedeso, Teklewold Dabi

Fax (047)111-53-96, Ethiopia
Corresponding author’s email: [email protected],

Abstract
The study was conducted in Jimma Zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia in 2018 and
2019. The objective of the study was to demonstrate the portable poultry house and hay-
box brooder for rural women in western Oromia. Two sites were selected from two
districts (Omo Nada and Dedo) and 2 FREGs comprising 25 women farmers were
established. Training was given to 25 female farmer participants, 5 DAs and 4 Subject
Matter Specialists. Total of 95 farmer (83 Farmers, 4 Das, 3 SMS and 5 from Kebele
administrative) households attended field demonstration at different sites. Among the
participant farmers, 67 % had responded that the movable poultry house and the hay box
brooder were highly preferred to their local system mainly using living house that is easily
susceptible to wild predators. While 33 % of the respondents leveled in medium that the
technology need technical knowledge to use and make maintenances when it damages. In
terms of poultry health condition, 92 % of the farmers responded that the Chicken/hen’s
death or disease incidence is very low as the necessary vaccination was given at the early
age of the chicken and thus 87.5 % of the participants were motivated to start poultry
production individually. Furthermore, 41.7 % of the respondent farmers having medium
level interest indicated that it was challenging to entertain group interest in managing the
poultry regularly in providing feed and protection while only 20.8 % of the group
members claimed continuity of working in groups stating that they need to share the
chickens and have independent poultry.
Key words: Chicken brooder, Demonstration, Hay-box
127
Participatory Demonstration & Evaluation of Milk Churner through FREGs in South
Western Oromia in Jimma Zone
Kumale Sedeso, Kemeru Dalecha, Teklewold Dabi

Fax (047)111-53-96, Ethiopia
Corresponding author’s email: [email protected],
Abstract
The study was conducted in Jimma and Buno Bedele Zones of Oromia Regional State in
2018 and 2019. The objective of the study was to demonstrate and evaluate improved
plastic milk churner so as to reduce women’s workload in churning practice. Twelve
Kebeles were selected for the study as hosting sites in two zones and four districts (Nada
and Gera of Jimma as well as Gechi and Bedele of Buno-Bedele Zones). A total of 12 FREGs
were established comprising 186 farmers (66 male & 120 female). Training was given to all
FREG members, 22 DAs (8 Female and 14 male) and 8 Subject Matter Specialists. A total of
245 farmer (101 Female, 144 Male) households attended field demonstration at different
sites. The result showed that in average it took 24.04 minute and 23.54 minute to churn
three liter of milk for local and improved, respectively. Churning results 0.154 kg and 0.256
kg of butter production or output from the three litter milk for local and improved churner,
respectively. Most of the participant farmers had responded that using the improved
churner is easy, labor saving and give reasonable butter yield as compared to the
traditional tedious method of churning, operated with minimum energy and can be
affordable by the average farmers. Furthermore the respondent farmers also indicated the
possibility to repair and maintain by local technicians or by themselves if there will be any
damage to churner components.
Key words: Demonstration, Evaluation, Milk churner, Participatory
128
Pre-Extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Hand Operated Wet Coffee Pulper
in Wayu Tuka and Digga districts of East Wollega
*Aliyi Abdulah, & Merga Workessa

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (OARI), Bako Agricultural Engineering Research Center
PO Box-07, Bako, Shewa, Ethiopia
Abstract
In Ethiopia, coffee quality suffers because of less care being taken for the trees and during
harvesting and processing. The methods of coffee processing are sun-dried and wet processing.
Demonstration of hand operated coffee pulper was conducted in East Wollega Zone of Oromia,
Ethiopia with the objectives to demonstrate, create awareness and collect feedback on hand
operated coffee pulpier in the study area that contributes to improve the quality of wet coffee
processing. Sites were selected purposively based on coffee production potential and used as
hosting centers for popularization of technology from Wayu Tuka district (Megna Kura, Wara
Babo Megna kebeles) and Digga district (Jirata and Gemechis kebeles). Four FREGs
comprising 55 members (50 male and 5 female) were established. Training and Demonstration
was organized for 55 farmers, 11 DAs and 7 SMS on usage, management & operation of the
pulpier. Focus Group Discussion was conducted with FREG members to collect feedback on the
demonstrated hand operated coffee pulper. The evaluation result showed that the machine has
pulping capacity of 1.5 kg hr-1 red cherries with relatively less grain breakage (1%) for the
pulped wet coffee. Farmers recognized the importance of the pulper and they have willingness to
use hand pulpers for pulping coffee seed but the farmers are not willing to use the pulper for
market purpose because there is no price difference based on quality in the area. Efforts have to
be made to differentiate coffee processed on the basis of quality to enable farmers producing
high quality coffee to earn a premium price. During FGD discussion, farmers stated that the
adjustment of the pulper needs skilled operator. This can be addressed through training of the
farmers on adjustment of the hand pulper according to the size of the red cherries as well as
other adjustment skills. Based on the feedback collected from the FREG members and farmers
attended demonstration, the hand operated coffee pulper is recommended for pre scaling up.
Key words: Coffee pulpier, demonstration, FREG
129
Pre-extension Demonstration of Animal Drawn Wheat Row Planter in Horo
Guduru Wollega and West Shewa Zones
Aliyi Abdulah, Merga Workessa & Usman Kedir

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (IQQO), Bako Agricultural Engineering Research
Center, P.O Box-07, Bako, Shewa, Ethiopia
Abstract
In Ethiopia, smallholder farmers do not use farm implements for sowing the wheat crop.
Usually, before the last pass with the traditional plow or maresha, farmers hand broadcast the
DAP fertilizer (100 kg ha-1) followed by hand broadcasting the seed (130-150 kg ha-1) and cover
the seeds with oxen plow. This operation is not very efficient and as the result, seed is placed at
uneven soil depths leading to irregular germination across the field. Therefore, this
demonstration aims to create awareness and improve farmers‟ knowledge and skills on animal
drawn wheat row planter in Horo Guduru Wollega and West Shewa Zones, Oromia, in 2018 &
2019. Sites were selected purposively and three FREGs were established each comprising 15
members. Training and demonstration was conducted to create awareness and evaluate the
planter under farmers‟ condition. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, FGD,
and observation. The collected data was grouped, summarized, discussed and interpreted. Data
was analyzed qualitatively based on the findings. Farmers and experts participated in the
demonstration compared the planter with traditional hand broadcast and recognized that the
animal drawn wheat row planter has advantageous. However, it needs modification on some
parts of the planter. Accordingly, there should be appropriate stopper on turning, the planter
needs seed cover and the angle of the handle and beam of the plough should be modified to
appropriate degree. It is concluded that the demonstrated animal drawn wheat row planter saves
time and energy as compared broadcasting and manual row planting. The animal drawn wheat
row planter is recommended for pre-scaling up as there is high farmers demand created and it
has also advantage when compared to manual planter and hand broadcast.
Keywords: on farm demonstration, wheat row planter
130
On-farm Participatory Evaluation and Demonstration of Bako Model Faba bean
Thresher in West Shewa and Horo Guduru Wollega Zones
*Girma Ajama and Gelgelo Kibi

Oromia agricultural research institute, Bako agricultural engineering research center
Abstract
The experiment was conducted in Liban-jawi and Horo districts in 2018 & 2019 with the specific
objective of creating awareness on Bako model faba bean thresher and evaluating performance
of the machine. These districts were AGP-Ⅱ beneficiaries and purposively selected based on
their potential for faba bean production. Two kebeles from each district were selected on the
basis of accessibility and faba bean production potentiality. A total of 4 FREG comprising 48
farmers (one FREG having 12 members per each Kebele) were established and training was
given for all member farmers, DAs and experts to build the necessary skills to successfully
implement the technology. Subsequent to the two day trainings, on farm demonstration was
carried out to evaluate the technology for its threshing performance, and gathering feedback
from farmers. Data encompasses total weight of faba bean, mass of completely threshed grain,
weight of none thrashed pod, weight of broken and unbroken grain, labor requirement, time
taken to threshing, number of farmer and other stakeholders take part in the training were
collected and analyzed using simple descriptive statistics. Results of machine performance
evaluation showed that threshing about one metric ton of bean requires 3-4 hours with 3 men by
the demonstrated machine whereas 10 oxen-days and 5-6 man-days (the time worked per day
being 10 hours) are required if it is done traditionally. The percentage of mechanical damage
and threshing efficiency at this operation is found to be 0.02 and 95.2%, respectively.
Furthermore, trial site discussions were held among farmers, development agents, and Woreda
experts on merits and demerits of the technology. They positively rated the machine as compared
to the traditional threshing methods and some farmers wondered if they could access the
machine via credit as buying it on cash may be difficult. It was concluded that the machine
surpass traditional thrashing methods by eliminating the need for toilsome labor and conjointly
decreasing the time required to thresh from ten hours to just four hours per 1000 kg grain of the
crop. Therefore, the technology is recommended for wider promotion in pre scaling up/out form
in other faba bean producing areas.
Key words: demonstration, faba bean thresher, FREG
131
On Farm Demonstration and Participatory Evaluation of Selected Farm Implements
(Plough) in Western Oromia
Gemechisa Yadeta Ayana.

Oromia agricultural research institute, Bako agricultural engineering research center
[email protected]
Abstract
Selection of appropriate mechanization techniques and use of increased levels of mechanization
is making significant contribution to agricultural productivity. This study was carried out to
create awareness and demand on Plough implements and to evaluate economic feasibility of the
implements in the western Oromia. Diga and Gida Ayana from East Wollega, Horo and Guduru
districts of Horo Guduru Wollega zone were selected purposively for implementing the activity.
Two kebeles from each districts, eight groups (FREG) each having fifteen members of farmers
were organized in each selected kebeles for conducting of demonstration and participatory
evaluation. Average plough hours per day, frequency of plough per plot, numbers of weed
infestation and yield data were collected for analysis. Both the Agricultural Implements
Research and Improvement Centre (AIRIC) and Arsi Rural Development Unit (ARDU) with
traditional meresha (implements) were demonstrated and evaluated. A total of 160 participants
of which 86% of FREG members have attended training focusing on how to use the implements
by comparing with traditional one. A total of 66 AIRIC and 52 ARDU were produced in the
center shop and distributed to farmers. In addition, mini field visit was organized and conducted
on farmer‟s field where the implement previously adopted in Bako Tibe and Ilu Galan districts of
west showa zone. The uses of improved ARDU & AIRIC versus the traditional maresha were
evaluated for their effect on weed infestation rate and their effect on the yield of the crop. Five
0.5 m x 0.5 m (0.25m2) quadrants were systematically laid along transect on the interval of 10 m
for weed data collection. The results suggested that traditional meresha require 24 days/hectare
whereas modern plough minimize to 13.5 days/ha. It reduces almost by 44% days/ha. The
average of weed density was 150 weeds/m2 and 89 weeds/m2 land ploughed with traditional and
improved implements, respectively which reduced the density of weeds by about 30%. Grain
yield analysis revealed that the plot done with modern implement result average grain yield of
1161 kg ha-1 than the traditional (1090 kg ha-1) but not statistically significant. Especially the
ARDU implement due to its merit of easiness to operate, it should have to be accessible to
smallholder through more scaling up/out
Keywords: demonstration, farm implements, plough, traditional maresha
132
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Poultry Feed Mixer in Selected Districts of Arsi
and West Arsi Zones
*Aman Nebo ard Gosa Bekele

Oromiya Agricultural Research Institute (IQQO), Asella Agricultural Engineering Research
Center.
*Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
This study was conducted with the objectives of evaluating the profitability of poultry feed mixer
under farmers‟ management, enhancing farmers‟ knowledge and use of the technology and
creating awareness on the importance of poultry feed mixer technology in Dodola and Gedeb
Hasasa districts of west Arsi and Tiyo districts of Arsi zone in 2018 & 2019. The experimental
site and representative farmers were selected based on location, suitability for more farmers to
visit the demonstration. Three FREG comprising 45 farmers (27 Male & 18 Female) were
established. Field day was organized to enhance farmer to farmer learning, information
exchange and experience sharing among Farmer and other stakeholders on the evaluation and
demonstration of the technology. Training was given to farmers, DAs‟ and experts. About 81
participants (54 (67%) male and 27 (33%) female) from three districts participated on both
theoretical and practical training. The training was mainly focused on how to operate
technology and relative advantage of technology. Likert scale was used to measure respondent‟s
opinion/views towards of the new technology. Among the interviewed farmers, 50% responded
that it is simple to operate the poultry feed mixer, 33.3% of farmers responded medium.
Maintenance of the technology was also considered as one criterion to see the simplicity of
technology. Thus, 41.7% of farmers responded that maintenance of technology is medium to
maintain and 25% answered as it was simple to maintain. Farmers also measured its
affordability. About 46.7% of farmer responded that the cost of poultry feed mixer technology is
medium that it can be affordable by the average farmers and 23.3 % of farmers responded that
the price of technology is low to purchase whereas about 30% of respondent farmers said the
price of technology is high to afford. Mini-field days, regular monitoring and evaluation, regular
visit of farmer‟s research extension group and other extension partners were undertaken to
enhance farmer to farmer information exchange. The demonstration activity was evaluated
jointly with FREGs members and other stakeholders. To facilitate linkage between different
stakeholders like poultry producers, input suppliers and poultry feed producers which were
Farmers Research and Extension Groups (FREGs) one from each district were contacted each
other to solve their market related problem. Finally, different mainstreaming Medias like
Oromia Broadcasting Network (OBN) and Ethiopian Broadcasting service (EBC) invited and
broadcasted to facilitate farther dissemination of the technology. Therefore, this technology
recommended for scaling up to reach poultry producer farmers.
Key words: Demonstration, Likert scale, Poultry feed mixer
133
Pre-extension Demonstration of Modified Animal Drawn Potato Lifter in Selected
Districts of Arsi zone
*
Aman Nebo and Ashebir Tsegaye
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (IQQO), Asella Agricultural Engineering Research Center.
*Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
The study was conducted in Digelu-Tijo and Lemu-Bilbilo districts of Arsi zone with the
objectives of evaluating the profitability of the modified animal drawn potato lifter under
farmers‟ management, to enhancing farmers‟ knowledge and use of the technology and creating
awareness on the importance of modified animal drawn potato lifter technology. Four FREGs
comprising 60 farmers (50 male & 10 female) were established. The experimental site and
representative farmers were selected based on location suitability and accessibility to farmers
for field visit and field day. Mini field day was organized to enhance farmer to farmer learning,
information exchange and experience sharing among farmers and other stakeholders. All
necessary data were recorded by researchers and development agent and analyzed using simple
statistical tools. The result of the study revealed that the modified animal drawn potato lifter
technology minimize the frequency of plowing/digging potato from four to two times as
compared to local plowing implement. Besides, potato diggers gave the highest average
exposing efficiency (95%) and lowest tuber damage (1%) than the traditional one. Likert scale
method was used to measure respondent‟s opinion/views towards new technology with respect to
traditional way of potato lifting. Among the farmer interviewed, 50% farmers responded that it is
simple to operate & use potato digger. Whereas, only 6.25% of the respondent replied that it was
difficult to operate and requires some modification on the technology. About 52.5% of farmer
reported that the cost of modified animal drawn potato lifter technology is medium so that it can
be affordable by the average farmers. In addition, about 62.5% of farmers also indicated it is
easy to repair and maintain the technology in nearby blacksmith. Therefore, this technology is
recommended for scaling up to reach wider potato producer farmers.
Key words: Exposing Efficiency, Likert scale, Potato Lifter
134
Pre-extension Demonstration of Top Hammer Miller for Poultry Feed Crusher in
the Selected Districts of Arsi Zone and west Arsi Zones
Aman Nebo* and Abayineh Awgichew
Oromiya Agricultural Research Institute (IQQO), Asella Agricultural Engineering Research

Center.
Abstract
This study was conducted with the objectives to evaluate the profitability of Top Hammer Miller
for Poultry Feed Crusher under farmers‟ management, enhancing farmers‟ knowledge and use
of the technology and creating awareness on the importance of Top Hammer Miller for Poultry
Feed Crusher technology in Dodola & Gedeb Hasasa districts of west Arsi and Tiyo district of
Arsi zone. The experimental site and representative farmers were selected based on location,
suitability for more farmers to visit the demonstration. A total of three FREGs comprising 45
farmers (27 male & 18 female) were organized. Min field day was organized to enhance farmer
to farmer learning, information exchange and experience sharing among Farmer and other
stakeholders on the evaluation and demonstration of the technology. Training on knowledge,
skill and attitude were the main methods that used to create awareness among youth to enable
youths‟, DAs‟ and experts‟ knowledge and skill on technology. A total of 81 participants of
which 54 (67%) was male and 27 (33%) female from three districts participated on both
theoretical and practical training. Training was mainly focused on how to operate technology
and relative advantage of technology. Likert scale was used to measure respondent‟s
opinion/views towards of the new technology. Among the farmer interviewed 60% had responded
that it was simple to operate the Top Hammer Miller for Poultry Feed Crusher, 35.3% of
farmers responded that it was medium. Maintenance of the technology was also considered as
one criterion to see the simplicity of technology. Regarding to the simplicity of maintenance of
technology; 45.7% of farmers responded that maintenance of technology was medium and 30%
answered as it was simple to maintain. About 66.7% of participant farmers responded that the
cost of Top Hammer Miller technology was medium that it can be affordable by the average
farmers and 23.3 % of farmers responded that the price of technology was low to purchase
whereas about 10% said the price of technology is high to afford. Mini-field days, regular
monitoring and evaluation, regular visit of farmer‟s research extension group and other
extension partners were undertaken to enhance farmer to farmer information exchange. The
result of the demonstration activity was evaluated jointly with FREGs members and other
stakeholders. Therefore, this technology recommended for scaling up to reach poultry producer
farmers.
Key words: Demonstration, Likert scale, poultry feed, Top hammer miller
135
Pre-extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Engine Driven Feed Chopper in the
selected AGP-II districts of Harari region and Dire Dawa city Administration
Abdulaziz Teha * Jamal Nur,Kibrat Ketama and Abdulahi Umer

Abstract
Feed chopper Machine is hay cutting machine used for uniform chopping of fodder for livestock
feeds. The demonstration of feed chopper was undertaken in 2018/19 in Harari and Dire Dawa
administration council. A total of 40 trial farmers were selected from Sofi and Wahil potential
sorghum and maize growing kebeles of Harari region and Dire Dawa city administration
council. Two FRGs having 40 farmers (30 male & 10 female) were established. Training was
organized for a total of 70 participants at Harari Region. The machine was developed by Fedis
Agricultural Research Center with Chopping efficiency 95%, Wt. of off cut length 0.19 to 31.54
%, output capacity 88.24 kg hr-1 and also the machine ensure safety of feed, provide good fodder
for animal, save work time, and get protection of feed from dust and make the feed easily
palatable. Hence the trial farmers interested in using the machine across locations
Key words: Demonstration, Engine Driven, Feed chopper
136
Pre-extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Engine Driven Sorghum Thrasher
Technology in the selected AGP-II districts of Harari region and Dire Dawa
Administration
Abdulaziz Teha * Tekalign Bedada, Jamal Nur and Kibrat Ketema
Abstract
Engine driven sorghum thresher machine was demonstrated in Harari Region and Dire Dawa
administration council in 2018/19 with the objectives to save labor, cost & time of threshing, and
reduce post-harvest losses. A total of 60 trial farmers were selected from Sofi and Bishan Bahe,
the potential sorghum growing kebeles of Harari region and Dire Dawa administration council.
Four FREGs having 60 farmers (42 male and 18 female) were established. Trainings were
organized at Sofi and Bishan Bahe by participating a total of 108 farmers & extension workers.
The result indicated that the average efficiency and output capacity were 88.97 to 97.08%, 600
to 836 kg hr-1 and grain damage less than 1%. Hence farmers preferred the machine to
overcome sorghum threshing challenges such as beating with stick, oxen thresh and other
traditional practices which takes time and energy. The machine minimizes sorghum grain post-
harvest loss that comes due to traditional threshing method. Since the cost of the machine is
expensive, it is better to establish cost sharing mechanisms to reach more number of farmers
Key words: Demonstration, Engine driven Sorghum Thrasher
137
Pre-extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Engine Maize Sheller Technology
in the selected AGP-II districts of Harari region and Dire Dawa Administration
Abdulaziz Teha * Tekalign Bedada,Kibrat Ketema,Jamal Nur
Abstract
The pre-extension demonstration of engine driven maize Sheller was conducted in 2019 with the
objectives of promoting and popularize improved engine driven maize sheller technology and to
create awareness through giving training and enhance stakeholder‟s participation. A total of 60
trial farmers were selected from two potential maize growing kebeles; Wahil of Dire Dawa
administration council and Sofi from Harari region. Four FRGs having 60 farmers (45 male and
15 female) were established. Training on the subject matter was given to 188 participants at
Wahil and Sofi. The machines were demonstrated and found to be about 95.88-97.2% efficient
with output capacity of about 1800 -2000 kg hr-1. Traditionally, maize shelling carried out
manual rubbing maize cobs against one another, using human finger and stone, biting the cob
with wooden plank and treading with animal. The traditional practices are inefficient; requiring
a lot of labor and time and also it is one of the major problems which facilitate physical damage.
Hence farmers preferred an engine driven maize to alleviate maize post-harvest loss, save labor
and time, minimize seeds wastage. Therefore, the technology is highly preferred from every
angle and thus should be widely available and disseminated to farmers on minimum purchase
price basis.
Key words: Demonstration, Engine driven Maize Sheller
138
Summary of OARI AGP-II large scale demonstration activities conducted in 2019 & the
output
Table 1. LSD of major crops conducted at selected centers in 2019 (2012 EFY) with the support of AGP-II
Center List of Research activities AGP-II Districts name of variety # of Area (ha) Beneficiary Total Yield Average
(ies) cluster covered farmers Yield (Qt) range yield
Male Female (Qt) (Qt)
Cluster Based Pre-scaling up of Improved Dodola,Adaba, Sanate, Dambal, 14 121 151 21 5317.5 40- 43.95
Bread wheat Varieties in Bale & W.Arsi Agarfa, Sinana Kingbird 49.5
Zones
Cluster Based Pre-scaling up of Improved Agarfa, Sinana, Bulala, Dire, 4 61.5 68 10 3197.58 38-60 46.68
Sinana Durum Wheat Varieties Bale Zone Gololcha Ejersa
ARC Cluster Based Pre-scaling up of Improved Dodola, Adaba Ebon174, Moeta 2 15 11 4 697.50 - 46.50
Malt barley Varieties in West Arsi Zone
LSD of Faba bean Adaba Aloshe 1 15 28 0 262.5 17.5
LSD of chickpea Ginir Habru 2 15 41 20 225 15
LSD of Oat Agarfa Bonsa 2 5 10 0 0 BY
Bedele LSD of Soil test based P-recommendation on Chora, Bedele BH-661, Shone 2 15 45 7 1050 58-84 72.5
ARC Maize
Bako ARC LSD of Bread wheat Horo, Gida Ayana, Liben, 6 81 128 19 4066.2 43-56 50.2
Guduru, Jimma Sanate
Rare, Jimma Geneti
LSD of Tef Guduru, Jimma Dursi, Guduru 5 31 38 3 607.6 17.5- 19.6
Rare, H/Guduru, 22
Horo Buluk
LSD of F. millet for acid soil G/Ayana, B/Boshe, Bako-09, Gudetu 3 22 60 20 472 - 21.45
W/Tuka
LSD of food Barley Horo Buluk HB-1307 1 10 16 0 460 46
LSD of Rice Illu Harar Chewaka 1 15 18 12 440 - 29.33
LSD of soybean Wayu Tuka, Korme, Dedessa 2 22.5 32 10 405 18
LSD of Rhodes grass Wayu Tuke Masaba 2 10 28 12 25 2.5
LSD of hot pepper Bako Tibe Mareko fana 1 4 8 6 54.4 13.6
LSD of sesame Illu Hara Chewaka 1 3.4 4 1 16.8 5.6
Adami LSD of Bread wheat Dugda Ogolcho, kingbird 2 10 10 3 202 35- 37.7
Tulu ARC 40.5
LSD of moisture conservation technique for Dugda BH-540 1 5 15 5 430 86
maize
LSD of maize-lablab intercropping Dugda BH-540 1 5 25 5 405 81maize
LSD of oat Dodola Bonsa 1 2.5 24 7 0 - BY
LSD of soil test based P- recommendation Lume Boset 3 18 36 4 365.4 18-23 20.3
Batu SRC for tef
LSD of soil test based fertilizer Lume Danda’a 2 8 21 5 364.8 57-41 45.6
139
recommendation for bread wheat
Fedis ARC Cluster based Pre-scaling–up of Maize for Sofi, Dodota Melkassa-2, 3 40 102 80 1620 25-30 27.2
moisture stress environment Wahil, Erer Melkassa-6
LSD of onion Bombey red 2 6 35 15 1320 220
LSD of tomato Kile Malka shola 2 10 40 20 2250 170
Haro Sabu LSD of Finger Millet for acid soil area Dale Sedi, Lalo Bako-09, 3 10 38 15 279 - 27.9
ARC Asabi Addis -01
LSD of Maize Sayo, Lalo Asabi BH661 2 20.5 60 20 1466.3 - 68.2
LSD of Potato Sayo, Lalo Asabi Belete 1 2.01 5 1 554.157 - 275.7
LSD of Common bean Dale Sedi Dedessa 1 6 15 4 117 - 19.5
Nekemte Large scale demonstration of soil test based Wayu Tuka BH661 2 12 21 8 1047.6 - 87.3
SRC fertilizer recommendation for maize
Fiche ARC Large scale demonstration of soil test based Wara Jarso Kuncho 2 6 13 6 99.36 16.56
fertilizer recommendation for tef
Bore ARC LSD of potato Bore, Ana Sora Gudane 2 6 17 7 894 149
LSD of chickpea Adola Rede Habru 2 4 16 8 71.4 11.9
Total 81 617.41 1179 358 28783.097
Key: BY – Biomass Yield, The productivity varies from district to district and variety to variety
140
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Proceeding of Pre-extension demonstration of Agricultural Technologies IQQO AGP-II

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute

Agricultural Growth Program (AGP-II)

Pre-extension demonstration of Agricultural Technologies

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (IQQO) Agricultural Growth Program (AGP-II)

Effa Wolteji*, Berhanu Soboka and Bayisa Gedafa

Keywords: Teff, FREG, participatory evaluation; technology index

Effa Wolteji*, Berhanu Soboka, Bayisa Gedafa

Keywords: Food barley, FREG unit; Participatory evaluation, technology gap

Bayissa Gedefa Weyessa and Effa Wolteji

Keywords: Pre-Extension Demonstration, Farmers Research Extension Groups (FREG)

Effa Wolteji*, Berhanu Soboka, Bayisa Gedafa

Keywords: Sesame; FRG/FREG unit; Participatory evaluation; Chalesa, Obsa, Dicho

Ayalew Sida*, Bayeta Gadisa and Amare Biftu

Abraham Negera*, Tilahun Wendimu

Key words: FREG/FREG, Matico, participatory evaluation, Potato late blight

AbdulazizTeha,* Nasir Siraj, OromiyaMagersa, IbsaAliyi

Key words: FREG, participatory evaluation, PED

Abdulaziz Teha,* Nasir Siraj, Ibsa Aliyi, Oromiya Magersa

Key Words: Chickpea, Minjar, Pre-extension Demonstration

*Effa Wolteji, Berhanu Soboka, Bayissa Gedafa and Dubiso Gachano

Keywords: Bread wheat; pre-extension demonstration, Participatory evaluation

*Effa Wolteji, Berhanu Soboka, Bayissa Gedafa and Dubiso Gachano

*Effa Wolteji, Berhanu Soboka, Bayissa Gedafa and Dubiso Gachano

Keywords: FREG unit, Participatory evaluation, Sesame

Tesfaye Gemechu1, Hikma Sultan1 and Urgaya Balcha1

Key Words: Demonstration, Food barley, Pre-extension

Key Words: Bread wheat, Pre-extension demonstration

Key words: Bubu, Gudane, Demonistration

Key words: Demonstration, Harari Region, Melka shola

Keywords: Bread wheat, FREG unit, Participatory evaluation

Effa Wolteji* and Dubiso Gacheno

Effa Wolteji* and Dubiso Gacheno

Effa Wolteji*, Dubiso Gacheno and Berhanu Soboka

Ibsa Aliyi* Abdulaziz Teha, Badaso Urgessa, Oromiya Megersa,Kibrat Ketema

*Corresponding authors E-mail: [email protected]

Abdulaziz Teha * Bedasso Urgessa, Ibsa Aliyi,Kibrat Ketema, Oromiya Magersa

*Corresponding authors E-mail:[email protected]

*Corresponding authors E-mail:[email protected]

Abdulaziz Teha *Bedasso Urgessa, Ibsa Aliyi, Oromiya Magersa,Kibrat Ketema

*Corresponding authors E-mail:[email protected]

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Fedis Agricultural Research Centre,

P.O. Box 904, Harar, Ethiopia

*Corresponding authors E-mail: [email protected]

Keywords: Cluster based Pre-Scaling up, maize

Tesfaye Gemechu, Urgaya Balcha and Hikma Sultan

Keywords: Agronomic practices, Cluster based pre-scaling up

Alemayehu Dabessa*, Adane Arega and Kifle Degefa

Keywords: Cluster approach, seed system, soybean variety, sustainability

Alemayehu Dabesa*, Teshome Gutu and Fayera Takele

Keywords: Cluster approach, seed system, walin variety

Hika Tesfa*, Demeksa Umer

Key words: Demonstration, Farmer’s preference, Participation Soybean

Demeksa Umer*, Hika Tesfa

Corresponding author: [email protected]

Key Words: Farmer’s feedback, Finger millet, Participation, Pre-scale up

Ayalew Sida*, Bayeta Gadisa and Amare Biftu

Key Words: Biomass, Demonstration, Farmers‟ criteria, Palatability

Estefanos Tadesse and Girma Chalchisa