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    01.PDLC A Program Is A Set of Step-By-Step Instructions That Directs The Computer To Do The Tasks

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    01.PDLC A Program Is A Set of Step-By-Step Instructions That Directs The Computer To Do The Tasks

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    6 views2 pages

    01.PDLC A Program Is A Set of Step-By-Step Instructions That Directs The Computer To Do The Tasks

    Uploaded by

    ndsusapadma

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    01.

    PDLC A program is a set of step-by-step instructions that directs the computer to do the tasks
    you want it to do and produce the results you want. There are numerous ways to organize the
    process of developing and writing code. Software development methodology is a process or series
    of processes used in software development. Program development life cycle (PDLC) When
    programmers build software applications, they follow an organized plan, or methodology, that
    breaks the process into a series of tasks. The program development life cycle (PDLC) is an outline
    of each of the steps used to build software applications. The program development lifecycle
    consists of six steps.
    1. analysis 2. design 3. coding 4. Testing 5. maintenance
    • Analyze problem- consists of reviewing program specifications; meeting with the analyst and
    users; and identifying program components. Descriptions of the program’s inputs, processing,
    outputs, and user interface. This is called the ‘requirements specification’ for the program. The
    analysis stage uses abstraction and decomposition tools to identify exactly what is required from
    the program. Abstraction keeps the key elements required for the solution to the problem and
    discards any unnecessary details and information that is not required. Decomposition breaks down
    a complex problem into smaller parts, which can then be subdivided into even smaller parts, that
    can be solved easily.
    • Design programs- involves grouping activities into modules The program specification from the
    analysis stage is used to show to how the program should be developed. When the design stage is
    complete, the programmer should know what is to be done. This can be formally documented using
    structure charts, flowcharts and pseudocode
    • Code programs- entails translating the solution algorithm into a programming language and
    entering program code into the computer.
    • Coding and iterative testing - Iterative testing means that modular tests are conducted, code
    amended, and tests repeated until the module performs as required.
    • Test programs-consists of correcting syntax errors and logic errors. The completed program or
    set of programs is run many times with different sets of test data. This ensures that all the tasks
    completed work together as specified in the program design.
    • Maintain programs- involves correcting errors and adding enhancements

    02. Structure Diagrams The structure diagram shows the design of a computer system in a
    hierarchical way, with each level giving a more detailed breakdown of the system into sub-systems.
    These sub-systems could then be further sub-divided; a structure diagram makes the process clearer.
    Modules at top level called modules at low level. Components are read from top to bottom and left
    to right.
    Flowcharts A flowchart shows diagrammatically the steps required for a task (sub-system) and the
    order that they are to be performed. These steps together with the order are called an ALGORITHM.
    Flowcharts are an effective way to communicate the algorithm that shows how a system or
    subsystem works.
    Pseudocode Pseudocode is a simple method of showing an algorithm, using English -like words
    and mathematical operators that are set out to look like a program.

    03. Sub-routines A Sub-routines is a set of programming instructions for a given task that forms a
    sub-system, not the whole system. Sub-routines written in high-level programming languages are
    called 'procedures' or 'functions' depending on how they are used. There are two types of subroutine.
    These are procedures and functions.
    • Procedures are subroutines that input, output or manipulate data
    • Functions are subroutines that return a value to the main program.
    Library Routines
    A library routine is a set of programming instructions for a given task that is already available for
    use. It is pre-tested and usually performs a task that is frequently required.
    Library routines are stored in a program library and given names. This allows them to be called
    into immediate use when needed, even from other programs. They are designed to be used
    frequently.
    Using library routines make writing programs faster and easier as part of the work has already
    been done (and debugged).
    04.

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