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    of 6

    1.Which statement is supported by the cell theory?

    A. A single cell is not considered a living thing.


    B. Anything that has cells is considered a living thing.
    C. All living things are made of the same types of cells.
    D. A living thing can absorb new cells from the environment.

    2. Complete the statement with a term from the section.


    A bone cell is_______to perform the unique function
    of storing minerals for the body.

    3. Which of the following is NOT a function performed by all cells?


    A. reproducing
    B. producing food
    C. building proteins
    D. converting energy

    4. Complete the statement with a term from the section.


    A cell cannot survive without mitochondria, because it would have no source of_____ to run cell processes.

    Question 5 is based on the following diagram:

    5. A student creates the drawing shown as he observes mitosis in onion root cells under a microscope.
    Place a circle on the diagram to indicate the cell that appears to be transitioning from metaphase to
    anaphase.
    6. Indicate your answer choice by connecting the correct process(es) to each description. Each process may be
    used more than once.
    A. occurs in humans
    B. produces 2 body cells
    C. produces 4 reproductive cells
    D. starts with a cell containing 2 copies of DNA
    E. involves crossing over of chromosome segments

    Mitosis Meiosis Mitosis and Meiosis

    Question 7 is based on the following passage:


    The owner of a small freshwater aquarium notices bubbles rising from the leaves of one of the aquatic plants. She
    researches the process of photosynthesis in aquatic plants and makes more observations. She concludes that the
    bubbles are oxygen gas.
    7. Which statement supports her conclusion?
    A. Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts of leaf cells.
    B. Leaves use oxygen to make glucose during photosynthesis.
    C. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and water for photosynthesis.
    D. Leaves release oxygen as they make glucose during photosynthesis.

    8. Determine whether the process is respiration or fermentation and write the correct response in the blank.
    A. ______ provide a lot of energy
    B. ______ needs oxygen.
    C. ______ provides a little energy.
    D. ______ does not need oxygen.

    9. Complete the statement with terms from the section.


    To produce a trait, DNA in the nucleus is converted to_____, which is used to build a _____.

    10. A normal human body cell contains 46 total chromosomes. When reproductive cells (egg and sperm cells) unite,
    how many total chromosomes exist in the new cell they create?
    A. 2
    B. 23
    C. 46
    D. 92

    11. Which statement about chromosomes is NOT true?


    A. Chromosomes are stored in the nucleus of a cell.
    B. A chromosome has different genes on each chromatid.
    C. Chromosomes split apart into chromatids during meiosis.
    D. A single chromosome can contain over a thousand genes

    12. The addition of an extra base to a segment of DNA produces a new


    A. trait.
    B. gene.
    C. allele.
    D. chromosome.

    Question 13 is based on the following diagram:

    13. Look at the pair of chromosomes shown. What evidence indicates that crossing over has occurred?
    A. The two chromosomes contain different alleles of genes A, B, and C.
    B. The two inside chromatids contain different alleles of genes A, B, and C.
    C. The two outside chromatids contain different alleles of genes A, B, and C.
    D. The first chromosome's two chromatids contain different alleles of gene C.

    14. Which of the following is NOT an example of the environment altering the expression of a trait?
    A. A temperature of 80°F in an alligator's nest causes the eggs to hatch as females.
    B. Providing too much oxygen to a premature baby can cause blindness.
    C. Lizards absorb heat from warm surfaces instead of producing body heat.
    D. A hot climate prevents pigment from being produced in the fur of Himalavan rabbits.

    Questions 15 through 16 are based on the following information and diagram.


    Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease. The cystic fibrosis allele (c) is recessive to the healthy allele (C). The
    following pedigree chart shows the inheritance of the cystic fibrosis allele through three generations of a family.

    15. What does the text mean when it says that the cystic fibrosis allele is recessive to the healthy allele?
    A. Cystic fibrosis is not a common condition.
    B. Healthy alleles are always passed down, rather than recessive alleles.
    C. If the recessive gene is present, the offspring will inherit it.
    D. To have a recessive gene expressed, offspring must inherit the recessive gene from both parents.
    16. How can the person represented by the solid square at the bottom of the pedigree chart best be described?
    A. a healthy female
    B. a male with cystic fibrosis
    C. a male who is a carrier for cystic fibrosis
    D. a female with an unknown allele combination

    17. Place an X on the pedigree chart to indicate each person who has the genotype CC.

    Questions 18 and 19 are based on the following cladogram.

    18. According to the information in the cladogram, which two plant species are most closely related?
    A. ferns and daisies
    B. conifers and ferns
    C. daisies and mosses
    D. mosses and confers
    19. The cladogram was created using which type of evidence for common ancestry?
    A. fossil records
    B. biogeography
    C. molecular homologies
    D. homologous structures

    Ouestion 20 is based on the following passage:


    In a scientific study, a change in the independent variable results in a change in the dependent variable. For example,
    a change in tree trunk color resulted in a change in wing-color frequencies in England's peppered moth population.
    20. When studying natural selection, which of the following observations would provide the clearest proof that
    selection is happening?
    A. a change in the dependent variable
    B. no change in the dependent variable
    C. a change in the independent variable
    D. no change in the independent variable

    Question 21 is based on the following passage:


    The fish population in a freshwater lake has been monitored by local ecologists for 26 years. The population includes
    both dark-and light-colored fish. Over this period, the ratio of dark to light fish has remained about 3 to 2.
    21. Ecologists can conclude that natural selection is NOT occurring because
    A. the fish do not have enough variation in body color.
    B. the fish have enough food and do not need to change.
    C. neither body color has a greater effect on fish survival.
    D. humans are causing artificial selection to occur instead.

    22. Complete the table with terms from the section.


    1.clean water, 2.living space, 3. Suitable mate
    Adaptation Selection
    Pressure

    a).male frogs sing to attract females

    b). snakes get moisture only from food

    c). some birds, such as swallows, build


    nests on walls

    23. Complete the statement with a term from the section.


    If two populations of a species develop different adaptations,______might happen.

    Questions 24 and 25 refer to the following drawing and information.


    Arrows indicate the direction of energy flowing in and out of the COW.
    24. The arrow between "consumed" and "respiration and heat loss" is missing. Mark an arrow on the diagram to
    indicate the direction of energy flow.

    25. The cow would best fit which of the following roles?
    A. producer
    B. decomposer
    C. primary consumer
    D. secondary consumer

    26. Complete the statement with a term from the section.


    The arrow in a food chain shows the direction in which_____and_____ are moving through the food chain.

    27. The best model of organisms' complex feeding relationships is a(n)


    A. food web.
    B. food chain.
    C. Energy link.
    D. Energy pyramid

    Question 28 is based on the following diagram:

    28. Place an X on the diagram to indicate the correct location of the slow growth phase.

    29. When populations increase and use up the available resources, the result can be
    A. disease.
    B. competition.
    C. exponential growth.
    D. more available food.

    Questions 30 and 31 are based on the following passage.


    A goby fish sometimes lives together with a shrimp. The shrimp digs and cleans up a burrow in the sand, and both
    the fish and shrimp live in the burrow. The shrimp is almost blind and at risk of being eaten when above ground. The
    goby fish will touch the shrimp with its tail to warn it of danger, and then both will retreat into the burrow.

    31.Complete the statement with a term from the section.


    When the shrimp is above ground, it takes on the role of_____in the predator-prey relationship.

    32. What type of relationship exists between the goby fish and the shrimp?
    A. parasitism
    B. mutualism
    C. predator-prey
    D. Commensalism
    33. Which organ system regulates both the volume and pH of blood?
    A. circulatory
    B. respiratory
    C. lymphatic
    D. Urinary

    34. Complete the statement with terms from the section.


    The three organ systems primarily responsible for the running motion of an athlete in a relay race are
    _______,______, and_____.
    35. Prolonged exposure to the sun at the beach would most likely disrupt homeostasis in the
    A. skin because of the potential for a sunburn.
    B. liver because of increased liquid consumption.
    C. muscles because of exhaustion from swimming.
    D. lungs because of secondhand smoke and exhaust fumes.

    Questions 36 through 37 are based on the following passage:


    A scientist designed an experiment in which he took a random sample of patients who tested positive for measles and
    found out whether, prior to their infection with the disease, they had received no measles vaccine, one dose of
    vaccine, or two doses of vaccine.
    He surveyed 100 patients who tested positive for measles and found
    that 7 people had received one dose of measles vaccine, 3 people had received two doses, and 90 people had not
    had the vaccine.
    36. The experiment is designed to answer which of the following questions?
    A. Why do so many people not receive the measles vaccine?
    B. Can people who have had the measles in the past g
    C. How effective is the measles vaccine?
    D. Are older people more susceptible to measles than younger people?
    37. The scientist repeated the experiment with a different set of 100 measles patients and found that 5 people had
    received one dose of measles vaccine, 3 people had received two doses, and 92 people had not had the vaccine.
    How can he best reconcile the data from these two studies to state a conclusion?
    A. The measles vaccine is 90% effective at preventing measles.
    B. The measles vaccine is highly effective at preventing measles and is most effective with two doses.
    C. The effectiveness of the measles vaccine is variable based on when it is received.
    D. Three doses of measles vaccine can completely protect people from measles.

    38. The following flowchart describes the evolutionary process that scientists believe occurred when a small group of
    finches from Ecuador migrated to a nearby island in the Galapagos. Connect each evolutionary term on the right to
    the correct step in the flowchart.
    39. Connect each organism with its correct role in the food chain. (Note:
    On the real GED® test, you will click on the words you choose and
    "drag each one into position in the diagram.)

    40. Which of the following factors would NOT affect the size of a deer population?
    1. the number of fawns born in the spring
    2. the number of new deer joining the herd
    3. the number of male deer hunted and killed
    4. the number of juvenile female deer in the herd

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