Layers of Language Policy

The 4 Layers of Language Policy
Ricento and Hornberger (1996)- outline the 4 layers of “onion” where language planning, policy and practice
occur.
LEGISLATION AND POLITICAL PROCESSES
Legislation- refers to the preparation and enactment of laws by a legislative body through its lawmaking
process. The legislative process includes evaluating, amending and voting on proposed laws and is concerned
with the words used in the bill to communicate the values, judgments, and purposes of the proposal.
Political Process- The process of the formulation and administration of public policy usually by the interaction
between social groups and political institutions or between political leadership and public opinion.
STATES AND SUPRANATIONAL AGENCIES
STATE
A government or state agency, sometimes an appointed commission, is a permanent or semi-permanent
organization in the machinery of government that is responsible for the oversight and administration of specific
functions, such as an administration. There is a notable variety of agency types.
SUPRANATIONAL AGENCIES
A supranational organization is a multinational union or association in which member countries cede authority
and sovereignty on at least some internal matters to the group, whose decisions are binding on its members. In
short, member states share in decision making on matters that will affect each country's citizens.
STATE AGENCY'S LANGUAGE POLICY
State agencies often have language policies in place to ensure that their communication with the public is clear
and effective. These policies may include guidelines on the use of language in written and oral communication,
as well as requirements for translation and interpretation services for individuals who do not speak the agency's
primary language.
Overall, state agency language policies are designed to ensure that communication with the public is clear,
effective, and accessible to all individuals, regardless of their language abilities or background.
SUPRANATIONAL AGENCIES' LANGUAGE POLICY
The languages spoken in EU countries are an Important part of its cultural heritage. This is why the EU
promotes multilingualism in Its programs and in the work of its Institutions.
EU's Charter of Fundamental Rights: EU nationals have the right to use any of the 24 official languages to
communicate with the EU Institutions, and the Institutions must reply in the same language.
INSTITUTIONS
it is a society or organization founded for a religious, educational, social, or similar purpose.
An established law, practice, or custom
Most of the society's institutions are:
Family
According to Spolsky, 2004 "Language issues can lead to major conflicts.
Eberhard et al., 2021 states that "the Philippines is a home to 186 languages, wherein 184 are living and 2 are
extinct. Of the living languages, 175 are indigenous and 9 are non-indigenous".
What is Plurilingualism?
it is the ability of a person who has competence in more than one language to switch between multiple
languages
Economy
In line of Spolsky, 2004, he said that "some Language Policy is in the law".
Multilingual Countries ->Increasing Globalization→ More and More Translations
Spolsky, 2004 also stated that; "business too are involved in Language Policy. The common market for Eastern
and Southern Africa supported Zimbabwe policy that dairy products imports from Zambia must have
instructions on the packages written in Shona and Ndebele (the official language of Zimbabwe (Times of
Zambia, 2011, July 10)".
Religion
The Bible was actually written in three different ancient languages: Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek. While a
modern version of each of these languages is spoken today, most modern readers of those languages would have
some difficulty with the ancient versions used in the biblical texts. It's strange to think that we might hardly
recognize the most influential book in the world in its original form!
Education
DECS ORDER 81 According to the order, the Filipino Alphabet is composed of 28 letters - the original 26
letters of the English alphabet, plus letters Ñ and Ng. The order also details how the letters should be read.
BILINGUAL LANGUAGE POLICY
The policy aims to propagate Filipino as a language of literacy, to cultivate and develop Filipino as a language
of scholarly discourse, and to further its development as a national language.
Government
EXECUTIVE ORDER 335
President Corazon Aquino ordered in 1988 all government departments, bureaus, offices, agencies, and
instrumentalities to take steps in using the Filipino language in transactions, communications, and
correspondence.
-1987 CONSTITUTION
Sections 6 to 9 of Article XIV outline the main language policy in the country.
Section 7 states that for the purposes communication of and instruction, Filipino and, until otherwise provided
by law, English are the official languages of the Philippines
CLASSROOM PRACTITIONERS
The primary focus of the classroom practitioners is on the planning, preparation and teaching of programs to
achieve specific student outcomes.
Examples are the educators /teachers, Manager, workers and professionals.
They are practitioner-teachers who work, research and educate in their fields, and perceive the quality of their
teaching as being enhanced by their practicing in the field.
Eleazar Brave Buzon

BSED 1- English

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The 4 Layers of Language Policy

Eleazar Brave Buzon

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