ASSIGNMENT

HISTORY OF SOUTH ASIA

SUBMITED BY
RAO MUHAMMAD DANIYAL IRHSAD (4944)
LLB (section-B)
SEMESTER: 2
SUBMITTED TO
Dr. LUBNA AKRAM
SUBMISSION DATE
11 JUNE 2022
 Chapter Review;

“BABUR the TIGER:

Coincidental Emperor and
Accidental Indian” ,
OF
“THE GREAT MUGHAL AND
THEIR INDIA”
About Book:
This book is written by Dirk Colier In which he discussed the
Mughal empire history in detail. This book include Mughal
period history, life style of the Mughal, the administrative
structure, the Mughal dynasty, and cultural legacy and art of
Mughal empire which include the magnificent Taj Mahal
which is even till today is source of inspiration and attraction
for not only people living in India but for the whole world.
The book is divided into two parts:
1. History of Mughal Empire,
2. Tragic stories of Mughal.
Mughal history is the mixture of many thing like drama it
include ambition, frustration, triumph, despair, hate, loyalty,
despair, decline , love, hate,
Loyalty, betrayal. In other words it gives its reader every taste
of knowledge.

Author:
The book of THE GREAT MUGHAL and their India is written by
Dirk Colier who his writer famous for his unique type of
writing style which attract the reader. His interest for Asian
history develops when he tour Asian countries including
China and India.
  Early Life:
In 1483 in the month of Ramadan, in the house of ruler of Farghna, Umarr Sheikh Mirza, his first son
was born named Zaheerud-Din-Babar. This was the great news for every individual of Farghana as
people celebrate this by hanging carpet out from their houses. Land lords came forward to
congratulate Umar Shiekh.

Umar Sheikh had very bad relationships with all his relatives including his brothers who always want
to conquer Farghan because of it fertility and its location.

Umar Sheikh do not have a very large army to fight with anyone. Umar Shiekh MIrza younger
brother Sultan Ahmed Mirza make a plan with Umar Sheikh Mirza enemies to conquer Farghana. At
that time Babar was not in Farghana he got the news of death of his father. At the age of 12 Baber
became the ruler of Farghana and the thing he got in his inheritance were his father enemies which
includes his uncle Sultan Ahmed MIrza the ruler of Samarqand, who already sent his army to
conquer Farghana. Babar was standing alone with his limited resources and few Feudal lords who
were faithful towards his father and on whom he can trust.

Sultan Ahmed MIrza Army conquered the western part of Farghana and he was now heading
towards the Andijaan. Babar another uncle Muhamood Khan Ser was heading towards the castle of
Aksi. Qazi of state of Farghana advice to Babar that with this meager resources he cannot fight with
such a large Army of his uncles so it is better for him to send ambassador with the message of peace
towards his uncle Sultan Ahmad Mirza of whom`s daughter Baber marriage was arranged and he
was father in law of Babar in other words.

Following Qazi`s advice Babar sent his ambassador and acting on advice of his minister Sultan
Ahmed Mirza reject Babar message for peace. Now Babar was only left with the option of fight
against such a large Army of his uncles

An unexpected incident was happen when bridge on the river of Farghana was come down as it
could not bear the load of Sultan Ahmed Mirza army and it cause great set back to Sultan Ahmed
army as his horses and camels run over his troops and they get injured following this situation Sultan
Ahmed return to Samarqand while on the other hand loyal feudal lords of Umar sheikh Mirza fight
against Mahmood Khan`s Army with great enthusiasm and defeat them. Mahmood Khan return with
having nothing in his hand .

In this way the eastern part of Farghana remains in the hands of Babar but western part was lost.

In 1495 Sultan Ahmed Mirza was dead and fighting between his decedents started for the throne of
Samarqand seeing this Babar also decide to get over Samarqand.

 Samarqand:
Zaheerud-Din-Babur was very brave ruler who always keeps his aims high with extremely low
number of soldiers and meager resources he decide to invade Samarqand he also got the support of
Sultan Ali Mirza and other defeated troops also started to join Babar`s army. Babar welcome every
man and with this his weak army become stronger. Babar crossed Samarqand border river and
invade all the villages come in way to Samarqand. Babar with his army siege Samarqand. But here
Babar face another threat in the face of Uzbek ruler Shebani Khan who also come to invade
Samarqand both the armies stand in front of each other for two days but then suddenly Shebani
Khan step back with his army. Samarqand after the siege of 100 days fall in feet of Babar and Babar
entre in Samarqand. His kind heartedness and good relations with the traders won the hearts of
people of Samarqand. Now Farghana and Samarqand both were in the hands of Babar. Due to bad
luck Babar face Shebani Khan attack on Samarqand and sent his troops to save Samarqand but he
lost his Farghana also. Now once again Babar remained with nothing in his hand he take refuge in
Hisaar and planned to attack Kabul.

 Kabul:
When this news was spread out that Babar was heading towards Kabul many soldiers of Khusro Shah
started to meet with Babar which become the reason of unrest for Khusro Shah. Babur crossed the
river Andrab and Khusro Shah after meeting with Babur fall in his obedience. Now Khusro Shah Army
become the part of Babur army and Babur become more stronger than ever before.

Before Kabul ruler of Kabul Muqeem Arghun has deployed Sherka Arghun who played the role of
front wall of Kabul. Babur played a smart attack and arrest Sherka Arghun. Babur and his brother
Jahangir Mirza siege the Kabul and third battalion siege the Kabul from the side of Charamgah and
started to increase pressure. By seeing this princes of Kabul purpose offer of reconciliation which
was then accepted by Babur. Ruler of Kabul handed over Kabul to Babur and finally sit on the throne
of Kabul and after Kabul he also take over Ghazni.

 Hind:
Babur has take the throne of Kabul but he do not have enough wealth to run state affairs so he
decide to move towards India which was then called Hind. He travel by way of Khyber and in way he
face many attacks from pashtun tribes which cause great loss to his army and he backed to Kabul.
His mother died and after two years he conduct another attack on Hind he conquered Bajor and
some areas of Punjab and then return back.

In 1525 he conduct another attack and invade the area from Sialkot to Jhelum with a lot of booty
( Mala e Ghanimat). And this was the first time when Ibrahim Lodhi the ruler of hind started
diplomatic relation with Babur.

 Lodhi:
Ibrahim Lodhi was not very intelligent ruler with his miser behavior many rulers of India were not
happy with him. He got almost the whole Hind in inheritance but he was not aware of tactics to run
state affairs. Which cause him great harm during his war against Babur as most of the rulers and
feudal lords automatically fall in hands of Babur as they were not happy with the Ibrahim Lodhi way
of ruling.
Lodhi army was sited in dehli and Agra constituted of hundred thousand troops and one thousand
war elephant that were enough to change war result any time. Babur already made his mind to
invade Hind and leave Kabul for this purpose and at the area of Panipat both the Muslim armies fell
in fight with each other both the side bare heavy causalities but with the outclass strategy and war
planning by Babur led him to victory. After winning war he sent his son Humayun towards Agra.
When he reached to Agra he found family of Gwalior, who was arrested by Babur, who request for
their forgiveness by giving their wealth which include Kohinoor and he himself with the mind to rest
stay at the bank of river Jumna.

After two days of rest on 27 April 1526, he entered in Dehli and put the foundation of Mughal
Sultanate. In his biography he for the first time us the name of, “Badshah e Kabul-o-Dehli”, King of
Kabul and Dehli for him. All the wealth he gain from this war he distribute all in his war lords and
sent back to Kabul and Samarqand.

Staying in Hind he describe Hindustanis as not hospitable their buildings were not airy and fruit were
not tasty but this land was highly fertile and rich of gold. But there were many in Babur Army who
were not happy with their stay in Hind as they want to go back to their families with some wealth
they call upon by Babur and given open hand to go back if they want but do not exploit others as this
vast land is blessings of God.

Babur unlike other Afgan rulers The Great Taimur and Sultan Mehmood Ghaznavi decided to live
permanently in Hind as a ruler. But the biggest problem he was facing was that many Hind rulers
were still against Babur including, Hassan Khan of Mawaat, Hussain Khan from Rabri, Tatar Khan
from Gawalia, Qutb Khan from Anaway and many others.

The other threat include Rajpoot from West And from South The powerful state Of Wajiya Nagar.

In order to teach lesson to Tatar Khan Babur Send his troops which was helped by religious Ulemas
who open the doors of Castle and was easily captured by Babur Army which was become more
powerful as many other Afghan becomes part of it. These Afghan troops given the states of Jodh Pur
and Udh Pur by Babur.

 Conspiracy:
Ibrahim Lodhi was dead and Babur took his throne he within a short period become fond of Indian
spicy food and choose 4 cook of Ibrahim Lodhi to prepare his food when this news reached to the
mother of Ibrahim Lodhi She made a plan to kill Babur and order her faithful to mix poison in the
food of Babur. Babur while eating food was not satisfied as he got the feeling of vomiting he decide
to check this food by Dog and soon the Dog become ill conspiracy proves and investigation started
soon the whole game come I n front of Babur and he punished all the participants of this conspiracy
and family of Ibrahim Lodhi sent to prison.

 Rajpoot:
After all this another war was standing on head and this time Rajpoot was against Babur on whom
Babur said in his biography that they are the most brave among all whom Babur Fight with. Before
war of Kanwah Babur left to drink wine and pass order that wine is illegal which run happiness in
religious groups living in Hind, Babur also adopt beard and become religious. Against Babur there
were seven big Rajpoot Raja and more then hundred small raja`s. Babur made plan and war
strategies against his enemies and with outclass war strategies he finally defeated Rajpoots and the
most important Rana Sanga who was come with the promise that he wouldn’t return to Chator
unless he win become injured and after one year of defeat he died.

Rajpoot also fought with great bravery include, Rawal from Dongar Pur, Rao Chauhan from Soni
Garh and in this war Hassan Khan Mewati also died who never accepted Babur rule.

 Conclusion:
This chapter, “BABUR the TIGER: Coincidental Emperor and Accidental Indian” , of “THE GREAT
MUGHAL AND THEIR INDIA”, brilliantly explained the life history of Babur who was indeed a great
ruler as he always takes care of his army and respects all his enemies. Through his life we hot the
lesson that whatever the circumstances are never loose hope and always struggle to achieve your
goal and finally you`ll able to achieve them all, never afraid of challenge and always keeps your aims
high...