Module No. 1
Module No. 1
Module No. 1
Introduction:
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
It is a branch of civil engineering profession that is involved in planning, design, operation and
maintenance of safe and efficient transportation systems.
Modes of Transportation
1. Roadway/Highway
a transportation on land
it consist the modern highway as well as city streets, feeder roads & Village Roads
catering for a big range of vehicles, and the pedestrians
with various types of vehicles and with many rules and safety regulations and policies
this is the only mode which is giving maximum service to one and all
it is possible to provide door to door service only by road transport
2. Railways
a steel track laid on the ground over which the trains move is known as railways.
maintenance is more costly compared to roadways
It has been used for long as well as short distances and also for urban travels
for longer distances, railways transportation is more effective and advantageous than
highways
3. Airways
4. Waterways
TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
PURPOSE OF PLANNING
OBJECTIVES OF PLANNING
This includes all the different types of available data gathered for transportation
such as journey behavior patterns, nature and intensity of traffic, freight structure,
costs and benefits like income and employment estimates, etc.
The comprehensive knowledge of traffic flows and patterns within the area is
essential.
Aside from traffic data, planners also require the land use and population data for
the study area
Travel patterns should be divided into zones so that the origins and destinations
can be geographically monitored.
The data collection involves different types of interviews
Land use forecast is ideally based on existing and future land developments. This
is essential on transportation planning since travel demands are variable to the type
of area, population, commercial demands, etc. especially for urban planning
developments. Trips are made due to necessities of an individual according to his
purpose. Planning is made in a long term either 10 to 30 year prediction.
These two forecasting methods were likely based on the result of transportation
models used during the data analysis.
The final stage of the transportation planning process is one of evaluating the
alternative policies, which have been suggested. The evaluation stage is the most
important of all since here lies the economic impacts of the said planning. An
economic evaluation of transport proposals is necessary because vehicle-km and road
space are commodities, which are not directly bought and sold.
On the cost side of the calculation, estimates are made for capital outlay, land
purchase and maintenance.
The benefits are those accruing to users, e.g., savings in time, vehicle operation and
accidents
The individual cost and benefits are assessed over a particular number of years and
discounted back to the base year so that a rate of return can be calculated.
TRANSPORT POLICY
The nature of transport policy varies with time and space. In formulating
transport policy, one should take into consideration the coordination and
competition.
TRANSPORTATION SAFETY
The goal of safety planning is to reduce fatalities and serious injuries on all
public roads
THE 4 E’S OF SAFETY
4. EDUCATION: Highway users are not always aware of the risks associated
with their behaviors so proper knowledge and education of the use of
highway and safety along the way is highly recommended for all.