Chapter 10 Revision sheet [188

marks]

A college runs a mathematics course in the morning. Scores for a test from this
class are shown below.
25 33 51 62 63 63 70 74 79 79 81 88 90 90 98
For these data, the lower quartile is 62 and the upper quartile is 88.

1a. Show that the test score of 25 would not be considered an outlier. [3 marks]

Markscheme
(88 − 62)×1. 5 OR 26 × 1. 5 seen anywhere OR 39 seen anywhere
(M1)
62 − 39
23 A1
25 > 23 R1
so is not an outlier AG

[3 marks]
 The box and whisker diagram showing these scores is given below.

Test scores
Another mathematics class is run by the college during the evening. A box and
whisker diagram showing the scores from this class for the same test is given
below.

Test scores
A researcher reviews the box and whisker diagrams and believes that the evening
class performed better than the morning class.

1b. With reference to the box and whisker diagrams, state one aspect that [2 marks]
may support the researcher’s opinion and one aspect that may counter
it.
 Markscheme
The median score for the evening class is higher than the median score for the
morning class. A1

THEN
but the scores are more spread out in the evening class than in the morning
class A1

OR
the scores are more inconsistent in the evening class A1

OR
the lowest scores are in the evening class A1

OR
the interquartile range is lower in the morning class A1

OR
the lower quartile is lower in the evening class A1

Note: If an incorrect comparison is also made, award at most A1A0.

Award A0 for a comparison that references “the mean score” unless working
is shown for the estimated means of the data sets, calculated from the mid-
points of the 4 intervals. The estimated mean for the morning class is 71. 375
and the estimated mean for the evening class is 70. 5.

[2 marks]

At the end of a school day, the Headmaster conducted a survey asking students in
how many classes they had used the internet.
The data is shown in the following table.

2a. State whether the data is discrete or continuous. [1 mark]

 Markscheme
discrete A1
[1 mark]

The mean number of classes in which a student used the internet is 2.

2b. Find the value of k. [4 marks]

Markscheme
24+60+3k+40+15+6
88+k
=2 M1A1

Note: Award M1 for substitution into the formula for the mean, award A1 for
a correct equation.
attempt to solve their equation (M1)
k = 31 A1
[4 marks]

2c. It was not possible to ask every person in the school, so the Headmaster [1 mark]
arranged the student names in alphabetical order and then asked every
10th person on the list.
Identify the sampling technique used in the survey.

Markscheme
systematic A1
[1 mark]

A pharmaceutical company has developed a new drug to decrease cholesterol.

The final stage of testing the new drug is to compare it to their current drug. They
have 150 volunteers, all recently diagnosed with high cholesterol, from which they
want to select a sample of size 18. They require as close as possible 20% of the
sample to be below the age of 30, 30% to be between the ages of 30 and 50 and
50% to be over the age of 50.

3a. State the name for this type of sampling technique. [1 mark]
 Markscheme
stratified sampling A1
[1 mark]

3b. Calculate the number of volunteers in the sample under the age of 30. [3 marks]

Markscheme
0.2 × 18 = 3.6 M1A1
so 4 volunteers need to be chosen A1
[3 marks]

Half of the 18 volunteers are given the current drug and half are given the new
drug. After six months each volunteer has their cholesterol level measured and
the decrease during the six months is shown in the table.

Calculate the mean decrease in cholesterol for

3c. The new drug. [1 mark]

Markscheme
34.8 mg/dL A1
[1 mark]

3d. The current drug. [1 mark]

 Markscheme
24.7 mg/dL A1
[1 mark]

The company uses a t-test, at the 1% significance level, to determine if the new
drug is more effective at decreasing cholesterol.

3e. State an assumption that the company is making, in order to use a t-test. [1 mark]

Markscheme
EITHER
The decreases in cholesterol are distributed normally A1
OR
The variance of the two groups of volunteers is equal. A1
[1 mark]

3f. State the hypotheses for this t-test. [1 mark]

Markscheme
H0 : N̄ = C̄ and H1 : N̄ > C̄ A1
where N and C represent the decreases of the new and current drug
[1 mark]

3g. Find the p-value for this t-test. [3 marks]

Markscheme
df = 16, t = 2.77 (M1)
p-value = 0.00683 A2
[3 marks]
3h. State the conclusion of this test, in context, giving a reason. [2 marks]

Markscheme
Since 0.00683 < 0.01 R1
Reject H0. There is evidence, at the 1% level, that the new drug is more
effective. A1
[2 marks]

Willow finds that she receives approximately 70 emails per working day.
She decides to model the number of emails received per working day using the
random variable X , where X follows a Poisson distribution with mean 70.

4a. Using this distribution model, find P (X < 60). [2 marks]

Markscheme
P (X < 60)
= P (X ⩽ 59) (M1)
= 0.102 A1

[2 marks]

4b. Using this distribution model, find the standard deviation of X . [2 marks]

Markscheme
standard deviation = √70 (= 8.37) (M1)A1

[2 marks]
 In order to test her model, Willow records the number of emails she receives per
working day over a period of 6 months. The results are shown in the following
table.

From the table, calculate

4c. an estimate for the mean number of emails received per working day. [3 marks]

Markscheme
use of midpoints (accept consistent use of 45, 55 etc.) (M1)
44.5×2+54.5×15+64.5×40+74.5×53+94.5+104.5×3+114.5×6
2+15+40+53+0+1+3+6
(M1)
8530
= 120
(= 71.1) A1
Note: If 45, 55, etc. are used consistently instead of midpoints (implied by the
answer 71.58…) award M1M1A0 .

[3 marks]

4d. an estimate for the standard deviation of the number of emails received [2 marks]
per working day.

Markscheme
13.9 (M1)A1

[2 marks]

4e. Give one piece of evidence that suggests Willow’s Poisson distribution [1 mark]
model is not a good fit.
 Markscheme
valid reason given to include the examples below R1
variance is 192 which is not close to the mean (accept not equal to) standard
deviation too high (using parts (a)(ii) and (b)(ii))
relative frequency ofX ≤ 59 is 0.142 which is too high (using part (a)(i))
Poisson would give a frequency of roughly 14 for 80 ≤ X ≤ 89
Note: Reasons which do not use values found in previous parts must be
backed up with numerical evidence.

[1 mark]

Archie works for a different company and knows that he receives emails
according to a Poisson distribution, with a mean of λ emails per day.

4f. Suppose that the probability of Archie receiving more than 10 emails in [3 marks]
total on any one day is 0.99. Find the value of λ.

Markscheme
P (Y > 10) = 0.99
1 − P (Y ⩽ 10) = 0.99 ⇒ P (Y ⩽ 10) = 0.01 (M1)
attempt to solve a correct equation (M1)
λ = 20.1 A1

[3 marks]

4g. Now suppose that Archie received exactly 20 emails in total in a [5 marks]
consecutive two day period. Show that the probability that he received
exactly 10 of them on the first day is independent of λ.
 Markscheme
in 1 day, no of emails is X ~ Po(λ)
in 2 days, no of emails is Y ~ Po(2λ) (A1)
P(10 on first day | 20 in 2 days) (M1)
P(X=10)×P(X=10)
(M1)
P(Y =20)
10e −λ 2
(λ 10!
)
= (2λ)20e −2λ
A1
20!

λ20e −2λ 20!

= × A1
220λ20e −2λ (10!)2
20!
=
2 (10!)2
20

which is independent of λ AG

[5 marks]

Each athlete on a running team recorded the distance (M miles) they ran in 30
minutes.
The median distance is 4 miles and the interquartile range is 1. 1 miles.
This information is shown in the following box-and-whisker plot.

5a. Find the value of a . [2 marks]

 Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
valid approach (M1)
eg Q3 − Q1 , Q3 − 1. 1 , 4. 5 − a = 1. 1
a = 3. 4 A1 N2
[2 marks]

The distance in miles, M , can be converted to the distance in kilometres, K,

using the formula K = 85 M .

5b. Write down the value of the median distance in kilometres (km). [1 mark]

Markscheme
32
5
(= 6. 4) (km) A1 N1
[1 mark]

The variance of the distances run by the athletes is 16

9
km2 .
The standard deviation of the distances is b miles.

5c. Find the value of b. [4 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1 (standard deviation first)
valid approach (M1)

eg standard deviation = √variance , √ 16

9

standard deviation= 43 (km) (A1)

valid approach to convert their standard deviation (M1)

eg 4
3
× 5
8
, √ 16
9
= 85 M
20
24
(miles) (= 56 ) A1 N3

Note: If no working shown, award M1A1M0A0 for the value 43 .

If working shown, and candidate’s final answer is 43 , award M1A1M0A0.

METHOD 2 (variance first)

valid approach to convert variance (M1)
2 2
eg ( 58 ) , 64
25
, 16
9
× ( 58 )
25
variance = 36
(A1)
valid approach (M1)

eg standard deviation = √variance , √ 25

36
, √ 16
9
× ( 5 2
8
)
20
24
(miles) (= 56 ) A1 N3
[4 marks]

600 5 km
 A total of 600 athletes from different teams compete in a 5 km race. The times
the 600 athletes took to run the 5 km race are shown in the following cumulative
frequency graph.

There were 400 athletes who took between 22 and m minutes to complete the
5 km race.

5d. Find m. [3 marks]

Markscheme
correct frequency for 22 minutes (A1)
eg 20
adding their frequency (do not accept 22 + 400) (M1)
eg 20 + 400 , 420 athletes
m = 30 (minutes) A1 N3
[3 marks]

150
 150 athletes that completed the race won a prize.
5e. The first [5 marks]
Given that an athlete took between 22 and m minutes to complete the 5 km
race, calculate the probability that they won a prize.

Markscheme
27 (minutes) (A1)
correct working (A1)
150−20 13
eg 130 athletes between 22 and 27 minutes, P(22 < t < 27)= 600
, 60
evidence of conditional probability or reduced sample space (M1)
P ( 22<t<27 ) 150
eg P(A B ) , P(t < 27 22 < t < 30 ) , P ( 22<t<m )
, 400

correct working (A1)

130
150−20
eg 600
400 , 400
600

130
400
( 13
40
= 78000
240000
= 390
1200
= 0. 325) A1 N5

Note: If no other working is shown, award A0A0M1A0A0 for answer of 150

400
.
Award N0 for answer of 38 with no other working shown.

[5 marks]

The number of sick days taken by each employee in a company during a year was
recorded. The data was organized in a box and whisker diagram as shown below:

For this data, write down

6a. the minimum number of sick days taken during the year. [1 mark]
 Markscheme
2 A1

[1 mark]

6b. the lower quartile. [1 mark]

Markscheme
6 A1

[1 mark]

6c. the median. [1 mark]

Markscheme
8 A1

[1 mark]

6d. Paul claims that this box and whisker diagram can be used to infer that [2 marks]
the percentage of employees who took fewer than six sick days is
smaller than the percentage of employees who took more than eleven sick days.
State whether Paul is correct. Justify your answer.
Markscheme
EITHER
Each of these percentages represent approximately 25% of the employees.
R1

OR
The diagram is not explicit enough to show what is happening at the quartiles
regarding 6 and 11 / we do not have the data points R1

OR
Discrete data not clear how to interpret “fewer”. R1

THEN
Hence, Paul is not correct (OR no such inference can be made). A1

Note: Do not award R0A1.

[2 marks]
 Mackenzie conducted an experiment on the reaction times of teenagers. The
results of the experiment are displayed in the following cumulative frequency
graph.

Use the graph to estimate the

7a. median reaction time. [1 mark]

Markscheme
0. 58 (s) A1

[1 mark]

7b. interquartile range of the reaction times. [3 marks]

 Markscheme
0. 7 − 0. 42 (A1)(M1)

Note: Award A1 for correct quartiles seen, M1 for subtraction of their

quartiles.

0. 28 (s) A1

[3 marks]

7c. Find the estimated number of teenagers who have a reaction time [2 marks]
greater than 0. 4 seconds.

Markscheme
9 (people have reaction time ≤ 0. 4) (A1)
31 (people have reaction time > 0. 4) A1

[2 marks]

7d. Determine the 90th percentile of the reaction times from the cumulative [2 marks]
frequency graph.

Markscheme
(90% × 40 =) 36 OR 4 (A1)
0. 8 s A1

[2 marks]
 Mackenzie created the cumulative frequency graph using the following grouped
frequency table.

7e. Write down the value of a . [1 mark]

Markscheme
(a =) 6 A1

[1 mark]

7f. Write down the value of b. [1 mark]

Markscheme
(b =) 4 A1

[1 mark]

7g. Write down the modal class from the table. [1 mark]

Markscheme
0. 6 < t ≤ 0. 8 A1

[1 mark]
7h. Use your graphic display calculator to find an estimate of the mean [2 marks]
reaction time.

Markscheme
0. 55 s A2

[2 marks]

Upon completion of the experiment, Mackenzie realized that some values were
grouped incorrectly in the frequency table. Some reaction times recorded in the
interval 0 < t ≤ 0. 2 should have been recorded in the interval 0. 2 < t ≤ 0. 4.

7i. Suggest how, if at all, the estimated mean and estimated median [4 marks]
reaction times will change if the errors are corrected. Justify your
response.

Markscheme
the mean will increase A1
because the incorrect reaction times are moving from a lower interval to a
higher interval which will increase the numerator of the mean calculation
R1

the median will stay the same A1

because the median or middle of the data is greater than both intervals being
changed R1

Note: Do not award A1R0 .

[4 marks]
 A group of 800 students answered 40 questions on a category of their choice out
of History, Science and Literature.
For each student the category and the number of correct answers, N , was
recorded. The results obtained are represented in the following table.

8a. State whether N is a discrete or a continuous variable. [1 mark]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
discrete (A1)
[1 mark]

8b. Write down, for N , the modal class; [1 mark]

Markscheme
11 ⩽ N ⩽ 20 (A1)
[1 mark]

8c. Write down, for N , the mid-interval value of the modal class. [1 mark]
 Markscheme
15.5 (A1)(ft)

Note: Follow through from part (b)(i).

[1 mark]

8d. Use your graphic display calculator to estimate the mean of N ; [2 marks]

Markscheme
21.2 (21.2125) (G2)
[2 marks]

8e. Use your graphic display calculator to estimate the standard deviation of [1 mark]
N.

Markscheme
9.60 (9.60428 …) (G1)
[1 marks]

A χ 2 test at the 5% significance level is carried out on the results. The critical
value for this test is 12.592.

8f. Find the expected frequency of students choosing the Science category [2 marks]
and obtaining 31 to 40 correct answers.
 Markscheme
260 157
800
× 800
× 800OR 260×157
800
(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into expected frequency

formula.

= 51.0 (51.025) (A1)(G2)

[2 marks]

8g. Write down the null hypothesis for this test; [1 mark]

Markscheme
choice of category and number of correct answers are independent (A1)

Notes: Accept “no association” between (choice of) category and number
of correct answers. Do not accept “not related” or “not correlated” or
“influenced”.

[1 mark]

8h. Write down the number of degrees of freedom. [1 mark]

Markscheme
6 (A1)
[1 mark]

8i. Write down the p-value for the test; [1 mark]

 Markscheme
0.0644 (0.0644123 …) (G1)
[1 mark]

8j. Write down the χ 2 statistic. [2 marks]

Markscheme
11.9 (11.8924 …) (G2)
[2 marks]

8k. State the result of the test. Give a reason for your answer. [2 marks]

Markscheme
the null hypothesis is not rejected (the null hypothesis is accepted) (A1)(ft)
OR
(choice of) category and number of correct answers are independent
(A1)(ft)
as 11.9 < 12.592OR0.0644 > 0.05 (R1)

Notes: Award (R1) for a correct comparison of either their χ 2 statistic to

the χ 2 critical value or their p-value to the significance level. Award (A1)(ft)
from that comparison.
Follow through from part (f). Do not award (A1)(ft)(R0).

[2 marks]
 University students were surveyed and asked how many hours, h , they worked
each month. The results are shown in the following table.

Use the table to find the following values.

9a. p. [1 mark]

Markscheme
p = 10 (A1) (C1)
Note: Award (A1) for each correct value.
[1 mark]

9b. q. [1 mark]

Markscheme
q = 56 (A1) (C1)
Note: Award (A1) for each correct value.
[1 mark]
 The first five class intervals, indicated in the table, have been used to draw part of
a cumulative frequency curve as shown.

9c. On the same grid, complete the cumulative frequency curve for these [2 marks]
data.
 Markscheme

(A1)(A1)

(C2)
Note: Award (A1)(ft) for their 3 correctly plotted points; award (A1)(ft) for
completing diagram with a smooth curve through their points. The second
(A1)(ft) can follow through from incorrect points, provided the gradient of the
curve is never negative. Award (C2) for a completely correct smooth curve
that goes through the correct points.
[2 marks]

9d. Use the cumulative frequency curve to find an estimate for the number [2 marks]
of students who worked at most 35 hours per month.

Markscheme
a straight vertical line drawn at 35 (accept 35 ± 1) (M1)
26 (students) (A1) (C2)
Note: Accept values between 25 and 27 inclusive.
[2 marks]
 Stephen was invited to perform a piano recital. In preparation for the event,
Stephen recorded the amount of time, in minutes, that he rehearsed each day for
the piano recital.
Stephen rehearsed for 32 days and data for all these days is displayed in the
following box-and-whisker diagram.

10a. Write down the median rehearsal time. [1 mark]

Markscheme
42 (minutes) (A1) (C1)
[1 mark]

Stephen states that he rehearsed on each of the 32 days.

10b. State whether Stephen is correct. Give a reason for your answer. [2 marks]

Markscheme
Stephen is correct. (A1)
the minimum rehearsal time is greater than zero (R1)
OR
he rehearsed at least 20 minutes every day (R1) (C2)
Note: Do not award (A1)(R0). Accept equivalent reasoning based on the box-
and-whisker diagram.
[2 marks]

10c. Onk days, Stephen practiced exactly 24 minutes. [3 marks]

Find the possible values of k.
 Markscheme
0, 2, 3, 4, … , 15 (A1)(A1)(A1) (C3)
Note: Award (A1)(A1) for each correct endpoint of the interval, (A1) for
indication of integer values, except 1, between their endpoints.
[3 marks]

Fiona walks from her house to a bus stop where she gets a bus to school. Her
time, W minutes, to walk to the bus stop is normally distributed with
W ~N(12, 32 ).
Fiona always leaves her house at 07:15. The first bus that she can get departs at
07:30.

11a. Find the probability that it will take Fiona between 15 minutes and 30 [2 marks]
minutes to walk to the bus stop.

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
0. 158655
P(15 < W < 30)= 0. 159 A2 N2
[2 marks]

The length of time, B minutes, of the bus journey to Fiona’s school is normally
distributed with B~N(50, σ 2 ). The probability that the bus journey takes less than
60 minutes is 0. 941.

11b. Find σ. [3 marks]

 Markscheme
finding standardized value for 60 (A1)
eg z = 1. 56322
correct substitution using their z-value (A1)
60−50 60−50
eg σ
= 1. 56322, 1.56322
=σ
6. 39703
σ = 6. 40 A1 N3
[3 marks]

11c. Find the probability that the bus journey takes less than 45 minutes. [2 marks]

Markscheme
0. 217221
P(B < 45)= 0 .217 A2 N2
[2 marks]

If Fiona misses the first bus, there is a second bus which departs at 07:45. She
must arrive at school by 08:30 to be on time. Fiona will not arrive on time if she
misses both buses. The variables W and B are independent.

11d. Find the probability that Fiona will arrive on time. [5 marks]
 Markscheme
valid attempt to find one possible way of being on time (do not penalize
incorrect use of strict inequality signs) (M1)
eg W ≤ 15 and B < 60, 15 < W ≤ 30 and B < 45
correct calculation for P(W ≤ 15 and B < 60) (seen anywhere) (A1)
eg 0. 841 × 0. 941, 0. 7917
correct calculation for P(15 < W ≤ 30 and B < 45) (seen anywhere)
(A1)
eg 0. 159 × 0. 217, 0. 03446
correct working (A1)
eg 0. 841 × 0. 941 + 0. 159 × 0. 217, 0. 7917 + 0. 03446
0. 826168
P (on time) = 0. 826 A1 N2
[5 marks]

11e. This year, Fiona will go to school on 183 days. [2 marks]

Calculate the number of days Fiona is expected to arrive on time.

Markscheme
recognizing binomial with n = 183, p = 0. 826168 (M1)
eg X~B(183, 0. 826)
151. 188 (151. 158 from 3 sf )
151 A1 N2
[2 marks]

120
 A group of 120 students sat a history exam. The cumulative frequency graph
shows the scores obtained by the students.

12a. Find the median of the scores obtained. [1 mark]

Markscheme
75 A1

[1 mark]

The students were awarded a grade from 1 to 5, depending on the score obtained
in the exam. The number of students receiving each grade is shown in the
following table.

12b. Find an expression for a in terms of b. [2 marks]

 Markscheme
recognition that all entries add up to 120 (M1)
a = 120 − 6 − 13 − 26 − b OR a = 75 − b A1

[2 marks]

The mean grade for these students is 3. 65.

12c. Find the number of students who obtained a grade 5. [3 marks]

Markscheme
6×1+13×2+26×3+ ( 75−b ) ×4+b×5
120
= 3. 65 (M1)(A1)

Note: Award (M1) for attempt to substitute into mean formula, LHS
expression is sufficient for the M mark. Award (A1) for correct substitutions in
one variable OR in two variables, followed by evidence of solving
simultaneously with a + b = 75.

(b =) 28 A1

[3 marks]

12d. Find the minimum score needed to obtain a grade 5. [2 marks]

Markscheme
120−their part (c)(i) seen (e.g. 92 indicated on graph) (M1)
84 A1

[2 marks]

50 kg
 On Paul’s farm, potatoes are packed in sacks labelled 50 kg . The weights of the
sacks of potatoes can be modelled by a normal distribution with mean weight
49. 8 kg and standard deviation 0. 9 kg.

13a. Find the probability that a sack is under its labelled weight. [2 marks]

Markscheme
let
X be the random variable “the weight of a sack of potatoes”
P(X < 50) (M1)
= 0. 588 kg (0. 587929 …) A1

[2 marks]

13b. Find the lower quartile of the weights of the sacks of potatoes. [2 marks]

Markscheme
P(X < l)= 0. 25 (M1)
49. 2 kg (49. 1929 …) A1

[2 marks]

13c. The sacks of potatoes are transported in crates. There are 10 sacks in [3 marks]
each crate and the weights of the sacks of potatoes are independent of
each other.
Find the probability that the total weight of the sacks of potatoes in a crate
exceeds 500 kg .
 Markscheme
attempt to sum 10 independent random variables (M1)
10
Σ
Y = i=1Xi ~N(498, 10 × 0. 92 ) (A1)
P(Y > 500)= 0. 241 A1

[3 marks]

The following box-and-whisker plot shows the number of text messages sent by
students in a school on a particular day.

14a. Find the value of the interquartile range. [2 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
recognizing Q 1 or Q 3 (seen anywhere) (M1)
eg 4,11 , indicated on diagram
IQR = 7 A1 N2
[2 marks]

14b. One student sent k text messages, where k > 11 . Given that k is an [4 marks]
outlier, find the least value of k.
 Markscheme
recognizing the need to find 1.5 IQR (M1)
eg 1.5 × IQR, 1.5 × 7
valid approach to find k (M1)
eg 10.5 + 11, 1.5 × IQR + Q 3
21.5 (A1)
k = 22 A1 N3
Note: If no working shown, award N2 for an answer of 21.5.
[4 marks]

In a high school, 160 students completed a questionnaire which asked for the
number of people they are following on a social media website. The results were
recorded in the following box-and-whisker diagram.

The following incomplete table shows the distribution of the responses from these
160 students.

15. Write down the mid-interval value for the 100 < x ≤ 150 group. [1 mark]
 Markscheme
125 (accept 125.5) (A1)

A transportation company owns 30 buses. The distance that each bus has
travelled since being purchased by the company is recorded. The cumulative
frequency curve for these data is shown.

16a. Find the number of buses that travelled a distance between 15000 and [2 marks]
20000 kilometres.
 Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
28 − 20 (A1)
Note: Award (A1) for 28 and 20 seen.
8 (A1)(G2)
[2 marks]

16b. Use the cumulative frequency curve to find the median distance. [2 marks]

Markscheme
13500 (G2)
Note: Accept an answer in the range 13500 to 13750.
[2 marks]

16c. Use the cumulative frequency curve to find the lower quartile. [1 mark]

Markscheme
10000 (G1)
Note: Accept an answer in the range 10000 to 10250.
[1 mark]

16d. Use the cumulative frequency curve to find the upper quartile. [1 mark]

Markscheme
16000 (G1)
Note: Accept an answer in the range 16000 to 16250.
[1 mark]
16e. Hence write down the interquartile range. [1 mark]

Markscheme
6000 (A1)(ft)
Note: Follow through from their part (b)(ii) and (iii).
[1 mark]

16f. Write down the percentage of buses that travelled a distance greater [1 mark]
than the upper quartile.

Markscheme
25% (A1)
[1 mark]

16g. Find the number of buses that travelled a distance less than or equal to [1 mark]
12 000 km.

Markscheme
11 (G1)
[1 mark]

It is known that 8 buses travelled more than m kilometres.

16h. Find the value of m . [2 marks]

Markscheme
30 − 8 OR 22 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for subtracting 30 − 8 or 22 seen.
15750 (A1)(G2)
Note: Accept 15750 ± 250.
[2 marks]
16i. The smallest distance travelled by one of the buses was 2500 km. [4 marks]
The longest distance travelled by one of the buses was 23 000 km.
On graph paper, draw a box-and-whisker diagram for these data. Use a scale of
2 cm to represent 5000 km.

Markscheme

(A1)(A1)(A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for correct label and scale; accept “distance” or “km” for
label.
(A1)(ft) for correct median,
(A1)(ft) for correct quartiles and box,
(A1) for endpoints at 2500 and 23 000 joined to box by straight lines.
Accept ±250 for the median, quartiles and endpoints.
Follow through from their part (b).
The final (A1) is not awarded if the line goes through the box.
[4 marks]

Chicken eggs are classified by grade (4, 5, 6, 7 or 8), based on weight. A mixed
carton contains 12 eggs and could include eggs from any grade. As part of the
science project, Rocky buys 9 mixed cartons and sorts the eggs according to their
weight.

17a. State whether the weight of the eggs is a continuous or discrete variable.[1 mark]
 Markscheme
continuous (A1) (C1)
[1 mark]

17b. Write down the modal grade of the eggs. [1 mark]

Markscheme
6 (A1) (C1)
Note: Award (A0) for an answer of 60 ≤ w < 70.
[1 mark]

17c. Use your graphic display calculator to find an estimate for the standard [2 marks]
deviation of the weight of the eggs.

Markscheme
8. 97 (8. 97479 …) (g) (A2) (C2)
[2 marks]

17d. The mean weight of these eggs is 64.9 grams, correct to three [2 marks]
significant figures.
Use the table and your answer to part (c) to find the smallest possible number
of eggs that could be within one standard deviation of the mean.
 Markscheme
[55. 9, 73. 9] OR 55. 9252 … ≤ w ≤ 73. 8747 … (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct endpoints seen. If the answer to part (c) is
14. 1421 …, award (M1) for endpoints of [50. 7578 … , 79. 0421 …].
45 (A1)(ft) (C2)
Note: Follow through from their part (c). For a standard deviation between 0
and 5 inclusive, the FT answer is 0.
[2 marks]

A factory, producing plastic gifts for a fast food restaurant’s Jolly meals, claims
that just 1% of the toys produced are faulty.
A restaurant manager wants to test this claim. A box of 200 toys is delivered to
the restaurant. The manager checks all the toys in this box and four toys are
found to be faulty.

18a. Identify the type of sampling used by the restaurant manager. [1 mark]

Markscheme
Convenience A1

[1 mark]

The restaurant manager performs a one-tailed hypothesis test, at the 10%

significance level, to determine whether the factory’s claim is reasonable. It is
known that faults in the toys occur independently.

18b. Write down the null and alternative hypotheses. [2 marks]

Markscheme
H0 : 1% of the toys produced are faulty A1
H1 : More than 1% are faulty A1

[2 marks]
18c. Find the p-value for the test. [2 marks]

Markscheme
X~B(200, 0. 01) (M1)
P(X ≥ 4)= 0. 142 A1

Note: Any attempt using Normal approximation to find p-value is awarded

M0A0 .

[2 marks]

18d. State the conclusion of the test. Give a reason for your answer. [2 marks]

Markscheme
14% > 10% R1
so there is insufficient evidence to reject H0 . A1

Note: Do not award R0A1. Accept “fail to reject H0 ” or “accept H0 ”.

[2 marks]

As part of his mathematics exploration about classic books, Jason investigated the
time taken by students in his school to read the book The Old Man and the Sea.
He collected his data by stopping and asking students in the school corridor, until
he reached his target of 10 students from each of the literature classes in his
school.

19a. State which of the two sampling methods, systematic or quota, Jason has [1 mark]
used.

Markscheme
Quota sampling A1
[1 mark]
 Jason constructed the following box and whisker diagram to show the number of
hours students in the sample took to read this book.

19b. Write down the median time to read the book. [1 mark]

Markscheme
10 (hours) A1
[1 mark]

19c. Calculate the interquartile range. [2 marks]

Markscheme
15 − 7 (M1)

Note: Award M1 for 15 and 7 seen.

8 A1

[2 marks]

Mackenzie, a member of the sample, took 25 hours to read the novel. Jason
believes Mackenzie’s time is not an outlier.

19d. Determine whether Jason is correct. Support your reasoning. [4 marks]

 Markscheme
indication of a valid attempt to find the upper fence (M1)
15 + 1. 5 × 8
27 A1
25 < 27 (accept equivalent answer in words) R1
Jason is correct A1

Note: Do not award R0A1. Follow through within this part from their 27, but
only if their value is supported by a valid attempt or clearly and correctly
explains what their value represents.

[4 marks]

For each student interviewed, Jason recorded the time taken to read The Old Man
and the Sea (x), measured in hours, and paired this with their percentage score
on the final exam (y). These data are represented on the scatter diagram.

19e. Describe the correlation. [1 mark]

Markscheme
“negative” seen A1

Note: Strength cannot be inferred visually; ignore “strong” or “weak”.

[1 mark]
 Jason correctly calculates the equation of the regression line y on x for these
students to be
y = −1. 54x + 98. 8.
He uses the equation to estimate the percentage score on the final exam for a
student who read the book in 1. 5 hours.

19f. Find the percentage score calculated by Jason. [2 marks]

Markscheme
correct substitution (M1)
y = −1. 54 × 1. 5 + 98. 8
96. 5 (%)(96. 49) A1
[2 marks]

19g. State whether it is valid to use the regression line y on x for Jason’s [2 marks]
estimate. Give a reason for your answer.

Markscheme
not reliable A1
extrapolation OR outside the given range of the data R1
Note: Do not award A1R0. Only accept reasoning that includes reference to
the range of the data. Do not accept a contextual reason such as 1. 5 hours is
too short to read the book.
[2 marks]

50
 Jason found a website that rated the ‘top 50’ classic books. He randomly chose
eight of these classic books and recorded the number of pages. For example, Book
H is rated 44th and has 281 pages. These data are shown in the table.

Jason intends to analyse the data using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, rs
.

19h. Copy and complete the information in the following table. [2 marks]

Markscheme
A1A1

Note: Do not award A1 for correct ranks for ‘number of pages’. Award A1 for
correct ranks for ‘top 50 rating’.
[2 marks]

19i. Calculate the value of rs . [2 marks]

Markscheme
0. 714(0. 714285 …) A2

Note: FT from their table.

[2 marks]

19j. Interpret your result. [1 mark]

 Markscheme
EITHER
there is a (strong/moderate) positive association between the number of
pages and the top 50 rating. A1

OR
there is a (strong/moderate) agreement between the rank order of number of
pages and the rank order top 50 rating. A1

OR
there is a (strong/moderate) positive (linear) correlation between the rank
order of number of pages and the rank order top 50 rating. A1

Note: Follow through from their value of rs .

[1 mark]

© International Baccalaureate Organization 2023

International Baccalaureate® - Baccalauréat International® - Bachillerato Internacional®

Printed for EIB Victor Hugo school