Emg 1204 Introduction To Materials Sciencemay 2022

DEDAN KIMATHI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
University Examinations 2021/2022
FIRST YEAR SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BACHELOR OF
SCIENCE IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND BACHELOR OF EDUCATION
TECHNOLOGY (MECHANICAL)
EMG 1204: INTRODUCTION TO MATERIALS SCIENCE
DATE: MAY 2022 TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS
1. This paper contains FIVE questions.
2. Attempt any THREE questions. All questions carry equal marks.
3. All symbols have usual meaning unless otherwise stated.
QUESTION 1 (20 Marks)

(a) Define the term ‘composite materials’ and explain the three categories of composite
materials. .
(6 Marks)
(b) Other than the traditional classification of engineering materials new classifications are
being coined that generally fall under advanced materials. State and explain any four
such materials.
(6 Marks)
(c) (i) Differentiate between thermoplastic and thermoset materials. (1 Mark)
(ii) State four properties of polymers that make them more suitable than other materials
for specific applications.
(4 Marks)
(d) State giving reasons suitable application areas for each of the following materials.
(i) Nickel
(ii) Titanium
(iii) Carbon-fibre
(3 Marks)
(a) Briefly explain the following types of bonds.
(i) Ionic bond
(ii) Covalent bond
(iii) Metallic bond
(iv) Van Der Wall’s bond
(6 Marks)
(b) (i) Sketch the SCC, FCC, BCC and HCP structures. (6 Marks)
(ii) Chromium has a BCC structure while Aluminum has an FCC structure. State
which of the two materials is denser and give reason. (2 Marks)
(c) With the aid of suitable sketches, determine the Atomic Packaging Factor (APF) for
FCC structure. (6 Marks)

(a) Define the following mechanical properties of materials.
(i) Toughness
(ii) Malleability
(iii) Plasticity
(iv) Brittleness
(4 Marks)
(b) A copper rod extends by 12mm when heated from room temperature to temperature
T0C, determine the elongation if Brass was heated from room temperature to the same
final temperature T0C, given that linear coefficient of thermal expansion for copper and
Brass are 0.005K-1 and 0.0015K-1.
(3 Marks)
(c) (i) Differentiate between the two categories of materials testing techniques.
(1 Mark)
(ii) Fig. Q. 3(c) shows a typical force-elongation curve during a tensile test. Describe the
behaviour of the material in the ranges A-B, B-C, C-D and D-E.
(4 Marks)
Fig. Q. 3 (c)
(iii) Differentiate between yield and proof stress.

(2 Marks)
(d) Fig. Q. 3 (d) shows the results of a Brinnel hardness test carried out on a material.
(i) Given that P= 150KN, D= 5cm and d=1.2cm, determine the Brinell hardness
number (HB) of the material.
(3 Marks)
(ii) Explain three precautions that should be observed in order to obtain consistent
results during the Brinnel hardness test.
(3 marks)
Fig. Q. 3 (d)
(a) During a tensile test, a specimen of diameter 7cm and length 10cm was used. A
maximum force of 150KN was applied on the material and the elongation was 0.1cm.
Determine;
(i) Stress and strain (3 Marks)
(ii) Young’s modulus of elasticity (2 Marks)
(iii) Percentage elongation (1 Marks)
(iv) Spring constant of the material (2 Marks)
(b) (i) Define the following categories of steel: Eutectoid, Hypoeutectoid and
Hypereutectoid steel.
(3 Marks)
(ii) Differentiate between simple eutectic and solid solution binary alloys.
(2 Marks)
(iii) What do you understand by phase diagram? (1 Marks)
(c) Fig. Q.4 (d) shows a sketch of an iron-carbon phase diagram (with the composition of
carbon by weight ranging from 0% to 6% and the temperature ranging from 400 to
1600 0C. In reference to the phase diagram; give a brief description of the following
phases.
(i) δ ferrite (1.5 Marks)
(ii) α-ferrite (1.5 Marks)
(iii) austenite (1.5 Marks)
(iv) cementite (1.5 Marks)

(a) Explain the following types of failure.
(i) Creep failure (2 Marks)
(ii) Fatigue failure (2 Marks)
(b) Differentiate between paramagnetic materials and ferromagnetic materials.
(3 Marks)
(c) The basic optical properties of materials is either they are transparent, translucent or
opaque. However other properties exist which are more important in engineering
applications. Explain two such properties and where they find applications.
(4 Marks)
(d) State the Miller indices for the planes shown in Fig. Q. 5 (d). (4 Marks)
(e) Some crystallograhic planes have a higher density of nodes. Explain the influence of
these high density planes on;
(i) surface tension
(ii) microstructural defects.
(3 Marks)
(f) Compare the behavior of BCC metals and FCC metals as far as ductile to brittle
`transition is concerned. (2 Marks)
Fig. Q. 4 (d)
Fig. Q. 5(d)

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DEDAN KIMATHI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

University Examinations 2021/2022

FIRST YEAR SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF

EMG 1204: INTRODUCTION TO MATERIALS SCIENCE

DATE: MAY 2022 TIME: 2 HOURS

QUESTION 1 (20 Marks)

QUESTION 3 (20 Marks)

(iii) Differentiate between yield and proof stress.

QUESTION 4 (20 Marks)

QUESTION 5 (20 Marks)

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