Scalar Product of Vectors - Objective Questions
Scalar Product of Vectors - Objective Questions
Scalar Product of Vectors - Objective Questions
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OBJECTIVES
1. (r . i ) 2 + (r . j) 2 + (r . k ) 2 =
(a) 3r 2 (b) r 2
(c) 0 (d) None of these
2. If a, b, c are mutually perpendicular unit vectors, then | a + b + c | =
(a) 3 (b) 3
(c) 1 (d) 0
a+b
3. If vectors a, b, c satisfy the condition | a − c | =| b − c | , then (b − a ) . c − is equal to
2
(a) 0 (b) –1
(c) 1 (d) 2
4. If | a | = 3, | b | = 1, | c | = 4 and a + b + c = 0, then a .b + b .c + c .a =
(a) – 13 (b) – 10
(c) 13 (d) 10
5. If a = i + 2j − 3k and b = 3 i − j + 2 k, then the angle between the vectors a +b and a −b is
(a) 30 o (b) 60 o
(c) 90 o (d) 0 o
θ
6. If θ be the angle between the unit vectors a and b, then cos =
2
1 1
(a) | a − b| (b) | a + b|
2 2
| a − b|
(c) (d) | a + b |
| a + b| | a − b|
i − 2 j + 2k − 4 i − 3k
7. A vector whose modulus is 51 and makes the same angle with a = ,b = and
3 5
c = j, will be
(a) 5i + 5 j + k (b) 5 i + j − 5 k
(c) 5i + j + 5k (d) ± (5 i − j − 5 k)
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(b) a = (a × i) + (a × j) + (a × k)
(c) a = j (a . i) + k (a . j) + i (a . k)
(d) a = (a × i) × i + (a × j) × j + (a × k) × k
12. A unit vector which is coplanar to vector i + j + 2k and i + 2j + k and perpendicular to i + j + k,
is
i−j j−k
(a) (b) ±
2 2
k −i i + j+ k
(c) (d)
2 3
1 2
13. If ABCDEF is regular hexagon, the length of whose side is a, then AB . AF + BC =
2
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15. If the angle between two vectors i+k and i − j + ak is π / 3, then the value of a=
(a)2 (b)4
(c) – 2 (d) 0
16. If | a | = 3, | b | = 4, | c | = 5 and a + b + c = 0, then the angle between a and b is
π
(a) 0 (b)
6
π π
(c) (d)
3 2
17. a, b, c are three vectors, such that a + b + c = 0 , | a | = 1,| b | = 2,| c | = 3 , then a.b + b.c + c.a is equal to
(a) 0 (b) – 7
(c) 7 (d) 1
18. If a, b, c are non-zero vectors such that a . b = a . c, then which statement is true
(a) b = c (b) a ⊥ (b − c )
(c) b =c or a ⊥ (b − c ) (d)None of these
19. If p = i − 2j + 3k and q = 3i + j + 2k, then a vector along r which is linear combination of p and q
and also perpendicular to q is
(a) i + 5j − 4k (b) i − 5 j + 4 k
1
(c) − (i + 5 j − 4 k ) (d)None of these
2
20. If a, b, c are three vectors such that a = b+c and the angle between b and c is π / 2, then
(a) a2 = b 2 + c2 (b) b 2 = c2 + a2
(c) c2 = a2 + b 2 (d) 2 a 2 − b 2 = c2
21. The value of x for which the angle between the vectors a = − 3i + xj + k and b = xi + 2 xj + k is
acute and the angle between b and x-axis lies between π /2 and π satisfy
(a) x >0 (b) x <0
(a) 2 AB . BC . CD (b) AB + BC + CD
(c) 5 3 (d)0
23. If a, b, c are unit vectors such that a + b + c = 0, then a . b +b . c +c . a =
4 π
(c) cos −1 (d)
15 2
1
25. If d = λ (a × b ) + µ (b × c ) + ν (c × a ) and [a b c ] = , then λ + µ +ν is equal to
8
(a) 8 d . (a + b + c ) (b) 8 d × (a + b + c )
d d
(c) . (a + b + c ) (d) × (a + b + c )
8 8
26. a, b and c are three vectors with magnitude | a | = 4, | b | = 4, | c | = 2 and such that a is
perpendicular to (b + c ), b is perpendicular to (c + a ) and c is perpendicular to (a + b ). It
follows that | a +b +c| is equal to
(a) 9 (b) 6
(c) 5 (d) 4
27. If a, b and c are unit vectors such that a + b − c = 0, then the angle between a and b is
(a) π /6 (b) π / 3
(c) π /2 (d) 2π / 3
28. If λ is a unit vector perpendicular to plane of vector a and b and angle between them is θ,
then a . b will be
(a) | a | | b | sin θ λ (b)| a | | b | cos θ λ
(c) 60 o (d) 90 o
18
(c) (3 j + 4 k ) (d) (3 j + 4 k )
3
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31. Let a and b be two unit vectors inclined at an angle θ , then sin (θ / 2) is equal to
1 1
(a) | a − b| (b) | a + b|
2 2
(c) | a − b | (d) | a + b |
3
(c) (d) 14
14
5 6 19
(a) (b)
10 9
9 6
(c) (d)
19 19
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Projection of vector a on vector b
39. If vector a = 2i − 3 j + 6 k and vector b = −2 i + 2 j − k , then =
Projection of vector b on vector a
3 7
(a) (b)
7 3
(c) 3 (d) 7
40. If a and b are two unit vectors such that a + 2b and 5a − 4 b are perpendicular to each other,
then the angle between a and b
(a) 45 o (b) 60 o
1
(c) cos −1 (d) cos −1 2
3 7
41. The unit normal vector to the line joining i−j and 2i + 3 j pointing towards the origin is
4i−j −4 i + j
(a) (b)
17 17
2i−3j −2i +3 j
(c) (d)
13 13
44. If a, b, c are non-zero vectors such that a . b = a . c, then which statement is true
(a)b = c (b) a ⊥ (b − c )
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1. (b) Let r = x i + y j + z k ⇒ r . i = x , r . j = y, r. k = z
⇒ (r . i ) 2 + (r . j) 2 + (r . k ) 2 = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = r 2 .
We know that
| a + b + c | 2 = (a + b + c ) . (a + b + c ) = | a | 2 + | b | 2 + | c | 2 +2(a . b + b . c + c . a ) = 1 + 1 + 1 + 0 = 3
Or | a + b + c | = 3.
a+b a +b a
3. (a) (b − a ). c − = b .c − b . − a . c + (a + b )
2 2 2
and | a − c | =| b − c | ⇒ | a − c | 2 =| b − c | 2 ∴ a + b = 2c
a+b
Therefore, (b − a ). c − = 0.
2
4. (a) (a + b + c )2 = 0
⇒ | a| 2 + | b | 2 + | c | 2 +2 a .b + 2 b .c + 2 c .a = 0
⇒ 9 + 1 + 16 + 2(a .b + b .c + c .a ) = 0
⇒ a .b + b .c + c .a = −
26
= −13 .
2
5. (c) a + b = 4i + j − k and a − b = −2 i + 3 j − 5 k .
(a + b ) . (a − b ) = 0 . Hence (a + b ) ⊥ (a − b ).
θ θ 1
6. (b) (a + b ).(a + b ) =| a | 2 + | b | 2 + 2a . b Or | a + b | 2 = 2 . 2 cos 2 ⇒ cos = | a + b| .
2 2 2
7. (d) Verification
⇒ (a + b + c) = 0
2
8. (d) ∵ a +b +c =0
| a | 2 + | b | 2 + | c | 2 + 2(a . b + b . c + c . a ) = 0
⇒ 2(a . b + b . c + c . a ) = − (9 + 16 + 25 )
⇒ a . b + b . c + c . a = −25 .
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9. (c) We have AB . AC + BC . BA + CA . CB
90o–θ
θ
A
C
2
(BC )2
= AB ( AC cos θ + BC sin θ ) = AB ( AC ) +
AB AB
= AC 2 + BC 2 = AB 2 = p 2 .
B C
60°
X
O A
OB . j (− P1i + Pj) . j 1
= cos 60 ° ⇒ =
OB P12 + P 2 2
⇒ 2 P = P 2 + P12 ⇒ P1 = P 3
| OB | = P 2 + P12 = P 2 + 3 P 2 = 2 P.
∴ a = (a . i )i + (a . j)j + (a . k)k .
F C
120°
a
A a B
1 2 1 1
Therefore, AB . AF + BC = a 2 − a 2 = 0 .
2 2 2
30°
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3a
– 4b 150°
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π
⇒ cos θ = 0 ⇒ θ = .
2
17. (b) a + b + c = 0 ⇒ (a + b + c ) . (a + b + c ) = 0
−1 − 4 − 9
⇒ a.b + b.c + c.a = = −7 .
2
18. (c) a .b = a .c ⇒ a .b − a .c = 0 ⇒ a .( b − c ) = 0
⇒ Either b − c = 0 or a = 0 ⇒ b = c or a ⊥(b − c ).
19. (c) r = p + λ q ⇒ r. q = p . q + λ q . q
1
⇒ 0 = 7 + 14 λ ⇒ λ = −
2
1
Therefore, r=− (i + 5 j − 4 k).
2
π
20. (a) Given that a = b +c and angle between b and c is .
2
So, a2 = b2 + c2 + 2b.c
π
Or a 2 = b 2 + c 2 + 2 | b || c | cos
2
Or a 2 = b 2 + c 2 + 0, ∴ a2 = b2 + c2
i.e., a2 = b 2 + c 2 .
⇒ x <0.
22. (d) AD = AB + BC + CD = a + b + c
AC = AB + BC = a + b Or CA = −(a + b )
BD = BC + CD = b + c
Therefore, AB . CD + BC . AD + CA . BD
= a . c + b .(a + b + c ) + (−a − b) . (b + c )
= a .c + b .a + b .b + b .c − a .b − a .c − b .b − b .c = 0 .
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We get a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2 a .b + 2 b .c + 2 c .a = 0
⇒ | a| 2 + | b | 2 + | c | 2 +2(a .b + b .c + c .a ) = 0
⇒ 2(a .b + b .c + c .a ) = −3 ⇒ a .b + b .c + c .a = −
3
.
2
0 π
⇒ cos θ = ⇒θ = .
3 6 2
λ
= λ [a b c ] + 0 + 0 = λ [a b c ] =
8
= 8 d . (a + b + c ).
= | a | 2 +| b | 2 +| c | 2 = 16 + 16 + 4
⇒ | a + b + c|= 6 .
⇒ a .a + b.b + 2a .b = c .c
=| c | . | c | cos 0 ° , (∵ | a | =| b | =| c | = 1)
1 2π
⇒ 1 + 1 + 2 cos α = 1 ⇒ cos α = − ⇒α = .
2 3
⇒ | a| 2 + | b | 2 +2 | a || b | cos θ =| − c | 2
⇒ 9 + 25 + 30 cos θ = 49 ⇒ cos θ =
1
⇒ θ = 60 ° .
2
(a . b )b 18
30. (b) The component of vector a along b is = (3 j + 4 k ).
| b| 2 25
θ θ θ | a −b|
= 2 × 2 sin = 2 sin ⇒ sin = .
2 2 2 2
a.b a.b
34. (b) Projection of a on b =| a | cos θ =| a | =
| a || b | | b |
4 +8 +7 19 19
= = = .
16 + 16 + 49 81 9
a .b
Since cos θ =
| a || b |
(2 i + 3 j + k ) . (2 i − j − k )
=
(2) + (3) 2 + (1) 2 (2) 2 + (−1) 2 + (−1) 2
2
4 − 3 −1 π
= =0 ∴θ = .
(4 + 9 + 1) (4 + 1 + 1) 2
38. (c) la + m b + nc = 0
⇒ a 2 l 2 + m 2 b 2 + n 2 c 2 + 2l m a . b + 2 l n a . c + 2m n b . c = 0
Or 6 a . b = 3, (∵ a 2 = 1, b 2 = 1)
1 1
∴a . b = Or | a || b | cos θ =
2 2
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1
∴ cos θ = , ∴ θ = 60 o .
2
41. (b) L = i + 4 j
Therefore, vector perpendicular to L = λ (4 i − j)
4i − j
∴ Unit vector is .
17
∴ Required vector = −4 i + j .
17
90o–θ
θ
A
C
2
(BC )2
= AB ( AC cos θ + BC sin θ ) = AB ( AC ) +
AB AB
= AC 2 + BC 2 = AB 2 = p 2 .
44. (c) a .b = a .c ⇒ a .b − a .c = 0 ⇒ a .( b − c ) = 0
⇒ Either b − c = 0 or a = 0 ⇒ b = c or a ⊥(b − c ).
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