Worksheet #5 Activity 3 - Informative Essay

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Activity 3.

Write an Informative essay

Copyright and Fair Use in Relation to Human Rights

Basics of Copyright Copyright is the lawful right of an author, artist, composer or other creator
to control the use of his or her work by others. Generally speaking, a copyrighted work may not
be duplicated, disseminated, or appropriated by others without the creator's permission. The
public display or performance of copyrighted works is similarly restricted.

There are exceptions to this rule notably the fair use doctrine discussed in the following Section
—but generally the unauthorized use of a copyrighted work is copyright infringement, and may
subject the infringer to civil and criminal penalties under federal law.

The present Copyright Act dates from 1978, but copyright is an ancient doctrine, with its roots in
Elizabethan England. The framers of the Constitution authorized Congress to "promote the
progress of science and the useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors. the exclusive
right to their respective writings. Today, copyright law goes far beyond "writings" narrowly
construed. It extends to literary, dramatic and artistic works, musical compositions and computer
programs. Copyright protects only the form in which ideas and information are expressed.
Copyrights expire after a certain period of time. And the law allows certain limited uses of
copyrighted material by others, without the creator's permission. The most important such use is
"fair use," which is discussed in the next Section. Copyright does not protect ideas, nor does it
protect facts. It protects only the form in which ideas or facts are expressed. For example, you
may read a copyrighted paper and appropriate its ideas, or facts it conveys, into your own work
without violating the copyright. However, you may not reproduce the actual text of the paper
(unless fair use or another exception to copyright protection applies), nor may you evade this
prohibition simply by changing some words or thoroughly paraphrasing the content.
Basics of Fair Use, Fair use is the right to use a copyrighted work under certain conditions
without permission of the copyright owner. The doctrine helps prevent a rigid application of
copyright law that would stifle the very creativity the law is designed to foster. It allows one to
use and build upon prior works in a manner that does not unfairly deprive prior copyright owners
of the right to control and benefit from their works. Together with other features of copyright
law like the idea/expression dichotomy discussed above, fair use reconciles the copyright statute
with the First Amendment. The fair use defense is now codified in Section 107 of the Copyright
Act. The statutory formulation is intended to carry forward the fair use doctrine long recognized
by the courts. The statute provides that fair use of a work “for purposes such as criticism,
comment, news reporting, and teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use,
scholarship, or research)” is not an infringement of copyright.

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