CHAPTER IV

RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter discussed about the statistical results of the study in the

forms of description and table. The finding of the research from questionnaire

and documentation.

A. Presentation of Data

In order to obtain the data, the researcher provides a questionnaire

about students’ attitudes for students in learning English. The researcher

took 26 students as a sample. Next, the researcher obtains the students’

English scores about what they have learned from the teacher. After that,

the researcher correlates it by applying the Pearson product-moment

formula.

1. The Result of Validity and Reliability Test

Before used to obtain the data, the instrument must test the

validity and reliability first in order to obtain valid and reliable results.

a. Validity

The measure of questionnaires validity uses correlation

product-moment by SPSS 16. The correlation obtained then compared

to the rtable to find out if the correlation value obtained valid or not.

The numbers of sample use in this study are 26 people with a level of

30
 31

significance 5%, and then the value of rtable used is 0,374. The

question item is said to be valid if it is obtained the value of Pearson

correlation more high or same with rtable. The results of the

questionnaire analysis can be seen on the table below:

Table 4.1

The Result of Validity Test

From the table above it was obtained that from 15

questionnaire items, there are 12 valid questionnaires and 3 invalid

questionnaires they are item 4, 8, and 14. The invalid questionnaire

said to be invalid because the value of Pearson correlation lower than

 32

the value of rtable. In this case, the researcher only uses the valid

questionnaire to obtain the data. While, invalid questionnaire are drop

out.1

b. Reliability

The reliability test was carried out after the item questionnaire

was said to be valid. The reliability test of questionnaire using

Cronbach Alpha by SPSS 16 to measure the questionnaire is reliable

or not. The result of reliability can be seen on the table below:

Table 4.2

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach’s
N of Items
Alpha

.833 12

Item-Total Statistics

Scale Corrected Cronbach's

Scale Mean if Variance if Item-Total Alpha if Item
Item Deleted Item Deleted Correlation Deleted
X1 30.31 13.742 .402 .829
X2 30.65 14.155 .397 .828
X3 30.42 13.454 .651 .811
X4 30.81 12.962 .538 .817

1
Sahid Raharjo, “Cara Mengatasi Soal Angket yang Tidak Valid,” Konsistensi, diakses dari
https://www.konsistensi.com/2014/03/mengatasi-angkettidak-valid.html, on 15 January 2021 at
7.27 P.M.
 33

X5 30.54 12.978 .682 .806

X6 30.54 13.058 .494 .822
X7 30.23 12.985 .589 .813
X8 30.27 13.725 .675 .812
X9 30.35 13.755 .373 .832
X10 30.77 13.705 .426 .826
X11 31.04 14.118 .322 .835
X12 30.04 13.958 .542 .819

Criteria:2

If α > 0,90 : Perfect Reliability

If α between 0,70 – 0,90 : High Reliability

If α between 0,50 – 0,70 : Moderate Reliability

If α < 0,50 : Low Reliability

Based on the calculation of the reliability test for the

questionnaire using Cronbach’ Alpha formula, the Cronbach’ Alpha

was obtained 0,833. It means that the value of α in high reliability,

where α in level 0,70 – 0,90.

2. The Result of Questionnaire Data

The questionnaire used by the researcher to collect the data

related with independent variable (students’ attitudes) at eleventh

grade of SMA 2 Sampang. The questionnaire was spread to the

2
Amir Hamzah, Penelitian Berbasis Proyek: Metode Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R &D (Malang:
Literasi Nusantara, 2019), 104.
 34

respondents and was carried out only once on 26th November 2020 at

08.30 until 09.30.

The questionnaire consists of 4 answer choices, namely

strongly agree, agree, disagree, and strongly disagree.

Table 4.3

Specification of Instrument

No. Positive Statements Score Negative Statements Score

1. Strongly Agree 4 Strongly Disagree 1

2. Agree 3 Disagree 2

3. Disagree 2 Agree 3

4. Strongly Disagree 1 Strongly Agree 4

Table 4.4

The Students’ Attitudes Scores

Questionnaire Scores
No. Total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 30

2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 4 32

3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 30

4 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 34

5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 4 36

6 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 1 3 29
 35

7 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 31

8 2 3 3 3 2 3 4 3 3 2 3 3 34

9 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 4 3 3 3 35

10 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 26

11 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 34

12 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 4 2 2 3 33

13 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 35

14 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 30

15 4 3 3 2 3 4 4 3 3 2 2 4 37

16 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 33

17 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 1 3 29

18 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 34

19 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 36

20 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 2 2 4 39

21 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 46

22 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 33

23 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 34

24 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 29

25 2 3 3 2 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 36

26 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 30

N=
∑X=865
26
 36

The table above showed that the highest score of students’

attitudes from twenty six students is 46 and the lowest score is 26.

3. The Result of Documentation

The documentation is used to obtain the data related to

variable Y (English achievements). The document is the score of the

students’ final test at eleventh grade of SMA 2 Sampang. The

researcher obtains the document from the teacher.

Table 4.5

The Students’ English Scores

No. Students’ Name Score

1 AM 70

2 ARR 70

3 ABD 80

4 AIW 83

5 AR 87

6 ATS 72

7 AF 77

8 ANB 85

9 ES 75

10 FL 70

11 HS 85

12 IZ 82
 37

13 IS 85

14 IQ 75

15 JS 80

16 KNQ 77

17 KRJS 75

18 KJ 85

19 LM 85

20 MFF 85

21 NSN 85

22 NAS 80

23 NS 83

24 QA 75

25 SA 83

26 TAF 75

Total 2064

The table above showed that the highest score of students’

English Score from twenty six students is 87 and the lowest score is

70.

4. The Statistical Analysis

After the researcher collecting the data from students’ attitudes

and students’ achievements scores. Next, the researchers will analyze

the scores both of them by using Pearson product-moment formula.

 38

Table 4.6

The Questionnaire and Documentation Score

N X Y XY X2 Y2

1 30 70 2100 900 4900

2 32 70 2240 1024 4900

3 30 80 2400 900 6400

4 34 83 2882 1156 6889

5 36 87 3132 1296 7569

6 29 72 2088 841 5184

7 31 77 2387 961 5929

8 34 85 2890 1156 7225

9 35 75 2625 1225 5625

10 26 70 1820 676 4900

11 34 85 2890 1156 7225

12 33 82 2706 1089 6724

13 35 85 2975 1225 7225

14 30 75 2250 900 5625

15 37 80 2960 1369 6400

16 33 77 2541 1089 5929

17 29 75 2175 841 5625

18 34 85 2890 1156 7225

19 36 85 3060 1296 7225

20 39 85 3315 1521 7225

 39

21 46 85 3910 2116 7225

22 33 80 2640 1089 6400

23 34 83 2822 1156 6889

24 29 75 2175 841 5625

25 36 83 2998 1296 6889

26 30 75 2250 900 5625

N= 26 ∑X= 865 ∑Y= ∑XY= ∑X2= ∑Y2=

2064 69121 29175 164602

( )( )
√[ ( ) ][ ( ) ]

( ) ( )( )
√[ ( ) ( ) ][ ( ) ( ) ]

√[ ][ ]

√[ ][ ]

From the data analysis above, it was known that = 0,829

 40

B. Hypothesis Testing

Before determine the hypothesis, the researcher must determine the

df (degrees of freedom). The formula as follows:

df = N – nr

df= Degrees of Freedom

N= Number of Cases

Nr= Sum of Variables (In this study consists of two variable that is

students’ attitudes (X) and English Achievements (Y)

df = N – nr

=26 – 2

= 24

Based on the result of the data analysis above, it showed that is

0,829 and df is 24. Then, compare it with rtable in 5% level of significance.

The value of df= 24 in significance level 5% is 0,388. From that, the value

of is higher than rtable (0,829 > 0,388). So the null hypothesis is

rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted. The hypothesis stated

that there is correlation between students’ attitudes and English

achievements at eleventh grade of SMA 2 Sampang.

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Table 4.7

Table of Correlation Coefficient Values “r” Product Moment

The number of varible that are correlated

df. 2

(degrees of freedom) “r” value in taraf significance:

5% 1%

1 0,997 0,1000

2 0,950 0,990

3 0,878 0,959

4 0,811 0,917

5 0,754 0,874

6 0,707 0,834

7 0,666 0,798

8 0,632 0,765

9 0,602 0,735

10 0,576 0,708

11 0,553 0,684

12 0,532 0,661

13 0,514 0,641

14 0,497 0,623

15 0,482 0,606

16 0,468 0,590

17 0,456 0,575
 42

18 0,444 0,561

19 0,433 0,549

20 0,423 0,537

21 0,413 0,526

22 0,404 0,515

23 0,396 0,505

24 0,388 0,496

25 0,381 0,487

26 0,374 0,478

27 0,367 0,470

28 0,361 0,463

29 0,355 0,456

30 0,349 0,449

35 0,325 0,418

40 0,304 0,393

45 0,288 0,372

50 0,273 0,354

60 0,250 0,325

70 0,232 0,302

80 0,217 0,283

90 0,205 0,267

100 0,195 0,254

125 0,174 0,228

150 0,159 0,208

 43

200 0,138 0,181

300 0,113 0,148

400 0,098 0,128

500 0,088 0,115

1000 0,062 0,081

To know how significant of students’ attitudes and English

achievements at eleventh grade of SMA 2 Sampang, it must be consulted

to interpretation coefficient correlation table. The table can be seen below:

Table 4.8

Table Interpretation of “r” Value Product Moment

No. The High of “r” Value Interpretation

Between 0 to 0.20 There is correlation between

variable X and variable Y, but the

1
correlation is lowest. So it

considers as nothing.

Between 0.20 to 0.40 There is low correlation between

2
variable X and variable Y.

Between 0.40 to 0.70 There is sufficient or enough

3 correlation between variable X and

Y.

Between 0.70 to 0.90 There is strong or high correlation

4
between variable X and variable Y.
 44

Between 0.90 to 1.00 There is correlation between

5 variable X and variable Y with very

strong correlation.

Based on table of interpretation above, it can be seen that the value

of = 0,829 is in interval of 0,70 to 0,90, it is means that the level of

correlation is strong or high. So, there is a significance correlation between

students’ attitudes and English achievements at eleventh grade of SMA 2

Sampang in high correlation.

C. Research Discussions

In this study consists of two research problem, where the first is

about is there any correlation or not between students’ attitudes and

English achievements at eleventh grade of SMA 2 Sampang and how the

significant is between the students’ attitudes and English achievements at

eleventh grade of SMA 2 Sampang.

Based on the data above, the result stated that there is correlation

between students’ attitudes and English achievements at eleventh grade of

SMA 2 Sampang. Where, the value of is 0,829 and the value of rtable is

0,388. Means that, the value of is higher than the value of rtable (0,829 >

0,388). When see the table of interpretation “r” product-moment, the value

of is in interval 0,70 to 0,90 and the interpretation is there is strong or

high correlation between variable X and variable Y. Therefore, the

researcher concludes that there is strong significant correlation between

 45

students’ attitudes and English achievements at eleventh grade of SMA 2

Sampang.

Students and teacher are the important component in teaching

learning process; both of them have responsibility in teaching learning

process. The teacher is as a role model in the school must shown positive

attitude towards their students. The good teacher will explain the lesson

clearly and able to manage the class well in order to make the class more

conducive and of course it will make the students more interest in teaching

learning process and get the information easily. Therefore, the students

will show positive attitudes.

The students who have positive attitudes try to encourage their self

to pay attention than those who do not. Besides that, the students who have

positive attitudes will show high interest in learning English. The more

they pay attention and concentrate about the lesson and of course they able

to obtained better English achievements