Emerging Trends in

Computer &
Information Technology
(22618)

I
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

NAVJEEVAN EDUCATION SOCIETY POLYTECHNIC

MICRO PROJECT
Academic year: 2023-2024

TITLE OF MICRO PROJECT

Machine learning

Program:- Information Technology.

Program code:- IF6I
Course:- Emerging Trends in Computer & Information Technology.
Course code:- 22618

II
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION
Certificate
This is to certify that 1. ANSARI MOHAMMED YUSUF (713).
2. SARVESH YOGESH PARKAR(714).
3.OMKAR HARICHANDRA SHETE(715).

of 6th Semester of Diploma in Information Technology of Institute,

Navjeevan Education Society Polytechnic(Code: 0144) has completed
the Micro Project satisfactorily in Subject Emerging Trends in
Computer & Information Technology (22618) for the academic year
2023- 2024 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place:- Bhandup. Enrollment no:- 1. 2101440022

2.2101440023
3.2101440025

Date:-………………………. Exam Seat no:-1).

2).
3).

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

Mamta Mayekar Mahesh Pimpalkar Ajay Bhoir

III
GROUP DETAILS:-

SR. Name Of Group Roll No Enrollment Seat No

NO Member No
1. ANSARI MOHAMMED
713 2101440022
YUSUF

SARVESH YOGESH 714 2101440023

2. PARKAR

OMKAR 715 2101440025

3. HARICHANDRA
SHETE

HELPED AND GUIDED BY

MRS.Mamta Mayekar
 1.0 Brief Introduction:
In the rapidly evolving landscape of Computer and Information Technology,
Machine Learning (ML) has emerged as a transformative force, revolutionizing
the way we interact with technology and process vast amounts of data. As an
interdisciplinary field that combines computer science, statistics, and domain-
specific knowledge, machine learning leverages algorithms to enable systems to
learn from data and make informed decisions without explicit programming.
The significance of machine learning in contemporary IT trends cannot be
overstated. Its applications span various domains, including healthcare, finance,
cybersecurity, natural language processing, and image recognition, to name a few.
In this project report, we delve into the key emerging trends in machine learning
that are shaping the future of computer and information technology.

2.0 Aim of the Micro-Project:-

• To learn about what machine learning is.
• To get Information about machine learning applications.
• Gain Knowledge about the advantages of machine learning.

3.0 Resources Required:-

S.NO Name Of Specifications Qty
Resources/material
1 Computer System Operating System: 1
Windows 11 or higher.
Memory: 8GB RAM,
Processor: intel CORE
i5 12th gen.
SSD: 512GB
2 Software - -
 Weekly Progress Report(Action Plan) Micro-Project:-

Topic:- Machine Learning.

Academic Year:- 2023- 2024 Name of Faculty:- Mamta Mayekar
Program Code:- Information Technology (6IF)
Course & Course Code:- IF6I Roll No:- 713,714&715
Enrollment No:- 2101440022, 2101440023, 2101440025.
Semester:- (VI)
Name of Candidate:- YUSUF,SARVESH & OMKAR
SR Week Activity of Performed Planned Planned Name of Responsible
NO start Date Finish Date Team member

1. Discussion and finalization of All Members

1st topic

2. Preparation and All Members

2nd submission of Abstract

3. Omkar
3th Collection of Data

4. 4th Omkar
Implementation
5. Check, Validation and Omkar
5th Execution of code

6. Compilation of Report And All Members

6th Presentation

7. 7th Actual Presentation & Final All members.

submission of Micro
Project
Sign of the Student:-

1)

2)

3)

Sign of the Faculty

…………………………
 INDEX
Academic Year:- 2023-2024 Name of Faculty:-
Program Code:- Information Technology
Course & Course Code:- IF6I
Roll No:- 713,714,715 Enrollment No:- 2101440022, 2101440023, 2101440025.
Semester:- (VI) Name of Candidate:- YUSUF,SARVESH & OMKAR.

SR.NO CONTENT PAGE NO

1. Brief Description

2. Aim of the Micro-Project

3. Course Outcomes Integrated

4. Actual Resources Used

5. Skill Developed/learning out of this Micro-Project

6. Implementation and Result

7. Conclusion

8. Teacher Evaluation Sheet

9. Micro-Project Evaluation Sheet

10. Annexure II
 Machine Learning
1. Brief Description:-
Machine learning (ML) is playing a transformative role in various emerging trends in
computer and information technology. These trends leverage ML algorithms and
techniques to enhance efficiency, decision-making, and capabilities across different
domains. Here is a brief description of how machine learning is influencing emerging
trends in computer and information technology:

1. **Edge Computing and IoT:**

- ML algorithms are being deployed at the edge to process data closer to the source,
reducing latency and bandwidth usage in Internet of Things (IoT) devices.
- Edge computing, combined with ML, enables real-time decision-making and
predictive analytics in decentralized systems.

2. **Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Automation:**

- ML is a key component of AI, enabling systems to learn from data and improve their
performance over time.
- AI and ML are driving automation in various sectors, from robotic process
automation in business processes to autonomous vehicles and drones.

3. **Natural Language Processing (NLP):**

- NLP, a subfield of ML, is used to analyze and understand human language. This
technology powers virtual assistants, chatbots, and language translation services.
- It is crucial for applications like sentiment analysis, text summarization, and
language generation.

4. **Cybersecurity:**
- ML is used to enhance cybersecurity by identifying patterns and anomalies in
network traffic, detecting potential threats, and adapting to evolving cyber threats.
- Behavioral analysis and anomaly detection are key ML techniques employed to
strengthen security measures.

5. **Quantum Computing:**
- ML algorithms are being explored to enhance the capabilities of quantum computing
systems.
- Quantum ML has the potential to solve complex problems faster and more
efficiently than classical ML in certain scenarios.

6. **Healthcare Informatics:**
- ML is revolutionizing healthcare by providing predictive analytics for disease
diagnosis, personalized treatment plans, and drug discovery.
- It aids in analyzing vast amounts of medical data, including imaging and genetic
information.
 7. **5G Technology:**
- ML is utilized in optimizing and managing 5G networks to enhance network
performance, predict maintenance needs, and provide better quality of service.
- It contributes to efficient resource allocation and network optimization.

8. **Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR/VR):**

- ML enhances user experiences in AR/VR applications by personalizing content,
improving object recognition, and optimizing real-time rendering.
- It plays a role in gesture recognition, facial recognition, and immersive experiences.

9. **Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies:**

- ML is used to analyze patterns in blockchain data, detect fraudulent activities, and
enhance the security of cryptocurrency transactions.
- It contributes to identity verification and smart contract functionality.

10. **Explainable AI and Responsible AI:**

- ML models are becoming more transparent and interpretable, addressing concerns
about bias and fairness.
- Responsible AI practices are being incorporated to ensure ethical and accountable
use of machine learning technologies.

These emerging trends showcase the diverse applications of machine learning in shaping
the future of computer and information technology, driving innovation, and solving
complex challenges in various domains.

2. Aim Of Microproject:-
• To learn about what machine learning is.
• To get Information about machine learning applications.
• Gain Knowledge about the advantages of machine learning.

3. Course Outcomes Integrated:-

a) Describe Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning and deep learning
b) Interpret IoT concepts
c) Compare Models of Digital Forensic Investigation.
d) Describe Evidence Handling procedures.
e) Describe Ethical Hacking process.
f) Detect Network, Operating System and applications vulnerabilities
4. Actual Resource Used:-
S.NO Name Of Specifications Qty
Resources/material
1 Computer System Operating System: 1
Windows 11 or higher.
Memory: 8GB RAM,
Processor: intel CORE i5
12th gen.
SSD: 512GB
2 Internet 1
geek4geek

3. TextBook/Manual ETI Emerging Trends in 1

Computer & Information
Technology 22618

5. Skill Developed / Learning outcomes of this Micro-Project:-

1. Teamwork

2. Communication skills

3. Able to get all information about Machine Learning.

6. Implementaion And Result:-
Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) and computer science that
concentrates on the usage of data and algorithms to emulate the way that humans learn,
slowly enhancing its precision.

IBM has a rich history with machine learning. One of its own, Arthur Samuel, is
credited for coining the term, “machine learning” with his research (PDF, 481 KB) (link
resides outside IBM) about the game of checkers. Robert Nealey, the self-proclaimed
checkers master, played the game on an IBM 7094 computer in 1962, and he lost to the
computer. Corresponded to what can be done today, this feat seems trivial, but it’s
believed a main milestone in the area of artificial intelligence.

Over the last couple of decades, technological advances in storage and processing power
have allowed some creative products based on machine learning, such as Netflix’s
recommendation engine and self-driving cars.

Machine learning is a significant component of the growing field of data science.

Through the usage of statistical methods, algorithms are trained to make categories or
forecasts and to reveal key insights in data mining projects. These insights subsequently
drive decision-making within applications and businesses, ideally influencing key
growth metrics. As big data continues to grow and grow, the market need for data
scientists will increase. They will be needed to help determine the most relevant
business questions and the data to answer them.

Machine learning can be categorized into two broad learning tasks:

1. Supervised ML

2. Unsupervised ML

There are numerous other algorithms.

1. Supervised learning:
An algorithm utilizes training data and feedback from humans to understand the
relationship between given inputs to a given output. For instance, a practitioner can
utilize marketing costs and weather forecasts as input data to forecast the sales of cans.
You can utilize supervised learning when the output data is known. The algorithm will
forecast new data.

There are two types of supervised learning:

1. Classification task
2. Regression task
Classification
Suppose you want to forecast the gender of a customer for a commercial. You will start
collecting data on height, weight, job, salary, purchasing basket, etc. from your customer
database. You know the gender of each of your customers, it can only be male or female.
The objective of the classifier will be to allocate a chance of being a male or a female
(i.e., the label) based on the information (i.e., features you have gathered). When the
model learned how to identify males or females, you can utilize new data to make a
prediction. For instance, you just got new information from an anonymous customer,
and you want to know if it is a male or female. If the classifier forecasts male = 70%, it
means the algorithm is sure at 70% that this customer is a male, and 30% it is a female.

The label can be for two or more classes. The above Machine understanding example
has only two classes, but if a classifier requires to forecast an object, it has dozens of
classes (e.g., glass, table, shoes, etc. each object represents a class)

Regression
When the output is a continuous value, the task is a regression. For instance, a
financial analyst may require to forecast the value of a stock based on a range of
features like equity, last stock performances, and macroeconomics index. The
system will be trained to evaluate the price of the stocks with the lower possible
error.
2. Unsupervised learning
In unsupervised learning, an algorithm examines input data without being given an
explicit output variable (e.g., explores customer demographic data to recognize
patterns).
You can use it when you do not know how to organize the data, and you want the
algorithm to find patterns and categorize the data for you.
Example: Training of students during exams. While preparing for the exams
students don’t really cram the subject but try to learn it with full understanding. Before
the examination, they provide their machine(brain) with a good quantity of high-quality
data (questions and answers from different books or teachers’ notes, or online video
lectures). Even, if they are training their brain with input as well as output i.e. what type
of strategy or logic do they have to solve various types of questions? Each time they
solve practice test papers and find the performance (accuracy /score) by comparing
answers with the answer key given, Slowly, the performance keeps on growing,
achieving more confidence with the adopted method. That’s how actual models are built,
train the machine with data (both inputs and outputs are given to the model), and when
the time comes to test on data (with input only) and execute our model scores by
comparing its answer with the actual output which has not been provided while training.
Researchers are performing with assiduous efforts to enhance algorithms, and methods
so that these models perform even better.

Basic Distinction in ML and Traditional Programming?

Traditional Programming: We provide in DATA (Input) + PROGRAM (logic),
run it on the machine, and obtain the output.
Machine Learning: We provide in DATA(Input) + Output, run it on the machine
during training and the machine creates its own program(logic), which can be
evaluated while testing.
What does exactly learning mean for a computer A computer is said to be
learning from Experiences with regard to some class of Jobs if its performance in
a given job enhances the Experience.
A computer program is said to learn from experience E with respect to some class
of tasks T and performance measure P, if its performance at jobs in T, as
measured by P, enhances with experience E Example: playing checkers. E = the
experience of playing numerous games of checkers T = the task of playing
checkers. P = the possibility that the program will win the next game In general,
any machine learning problem can be appointed to one of two broad categories:
Supervised learning and Unsupervised learning.
How does ML work?
Machine learning is the brain where all the learning carries out. The way the
machine learns is identical to the human being. Humans learn from experience.
The more we know, the more efficiently we can forecast. By analogy, when we
face an unknown condition, the probability of success is lower than the known
situation. Machines are trained the same. To create a precise forecast, the machine
sees an example. When we give the machine an identical example, it can figure
out the outcome. However, like a human, if it provides an earlier unseen example,
the machine has complications predicting.
The core objective of machine learning is learning and inference. First of all, the
machine learns via the discovery of patterns. This discovery is created thanks to
the data. One essential part of the data scientist is to select carefully which data to
deliver to the machine. The list of attributes utilized to solve a problem is called a
feature vector. You can think of a feature vector as a subset of data that is utilized
to tackle a problem.
The machine utilizes some fancy algorithms to facilitate reality and transforms this
discovery into a model. Therefore, the learning stage is utilized to represent the
data and summarize it into a model.

• Collecting past data in any form appropriate for processing. The better the rate of
the data, the more suitable it will be for modeling

• Data Processing – Occasionally, the data gathered is in raw form and it requires to
be pre-processed. Example: Some tuples may have missing values for certain
attributes, and, in this case, it has to be filled with suitable values in order to
achieve machine learning or any form of data mining. Missing values for
numerical attributes such as the price of the house may be replaced with the mean
value of the attribute whereas missing values for categorical attributes may be
replaced with the attribute with the highest mode. This invariably depends on the
types of filters we utilize. If data is in the form of text or images then converting it
to numerical form will be needed, be it a list or array, or matrix. Simply, Data is to
be made relevant and consistent. It is to be transformed into a format
understandable by the machine
 • Split the input data into training, cross-validation, and test sets. The ratio between
the respective sets must be 6:2:2

• Building models with suitable algorithms and methods on the training set.

• Testing our conceptualized model with data that was not provided to the model at
the time of training and assessing its performance utilizing metrics such as F1
score, accuracy, and recall.

• Linear Algebra

• Statistics and Probability

• Calculus

• Graph theory

• Programming Skills – Languages such as Python, R, MATLAB, C++, or Octave.

Restrictions of Machine Learning:

1. The prior challenge of machine learning is the shortage of data or the
diversity in the dataset.
2. A machine cannot learn if there is no data available. Similarly, a dataset with
a shortage of diversity gives the machine a hard time.
3. A machine requires to have heterogeneity to learn significant insight.
4. It is rare that an algorithm can remove information when there are no or few
deviations.
5. It is advised to have at least 20 observations per group to help the machine
learn. This constraint leads to poor evaluation and forecast.
Application of Machine Learning
Now in this Machine learning tutorial, let’s learn the applications of Machine Learning:

Augmentation:
Machine learning, helps humans with their day-to-day duties, personally or
commercially without having complete control of the output. Such machine learning is
utilized in various ways such as Virtual Assistants, Data analysis, and software
solutions. The preliminary user is to decrease mistakes due to human bias.
Automation:
Machine learning works completely autonomously in any field without the
necessity for any human intervention. For example, robots execute the necessary
process steps in manufacturing plants.
Finance Industry
Machine learning is expanding in popularity in the finance industry. Banks are
mostly using ML to find patterns inside the data but also to stop fraud.
Government organization
The government makes use of ML to manage public security and utilities. Take
the example of China with its massive face recognition. The government utilizes
Artificial intelligence to prevent jaywalking.
Healthcare industry
Healthcare was one of the first industries to use machine learning with image
detection.
Marketing
Broad use of AI is done in marketing thanks to abundant access to data. Before the
age of mass data, researchers develop advanced mathematical tools like Bayesian
analysis to estimate the value of a customer. With the boom of data, the marketing
department relies on AI to optimize customer relationships and marketing
campaigns.
History of Machine Learning
Before some years (about 40-50 years), machine knowledge was science fiction,
but today it is a part of our everyday life. Machine learning is making our day-to-
day life effortless from self-driving cars to Amazon virtual assistant "Alexa".
However, the idea of machine learning is so old and has a long history. Below
some milestones are given which have appeared in the history of machine
learning:

• The earlier history of Machine Learning (Pre-1940):

 o 1834: In 1834, Charles Babbage, the father of the computer, created a device
that could be programmed with punch cards. However, the machine was
never built, but all modern computers depend on its logical structure.
o 1936: In 1936, Alan Turing gave a theory that how a machine can decide
and perform a set of instructions.

• The generation of stored program computers:

o 1940: In 1940, the first manually managed computer, "ENIAC" was
invented, which was the first electronic general-purpose computer. After that
stored program computers such as EDSAC in 1949 and EDVAC in 1951
were developed.
o 1943: In 1943, a human neural network was modeled with an electrical
circuit. In 1950, scientists started using their idea to work and analyzed how
human neurons might work.

• Computer machinery and intelligence:

o 1950: In 1950, Alan Turing posted a seminal paper, "Computer Machinery
and Intelligence," on the topic of artificial intelligence. In his paper, he
questioned, "Can machines think?"
Machine intelligence in Games:
o 1952: Arthur Samuel, who was the frontiersperson of machine learning,
developed a program that aided an IBM computer to play a checkers game.
It performed better more it played.
o 1959: In 1959, the term "Machine Learning" was first coined by Arthur
Samuel.
The first "AI" winter:
o The duration of 1974 to 1980 was a hard time for AI and ML researchers,
and this duration was called AI winter.
o During this duration, the failure of machine translation appeared, and people
reduced their interest in AI, which led to less funding by the government for
the research.
Machine Learning from theory to reality
o 1959: In 1959, the first neural network was applied to a real-world problem
to extract echoes over phone lines using an adaptive filter.
o 1985: In 1985, Terry Sejnowski and Charles Rosenberg developed a neural
network NETtalk, which was capable to train itself how to accurately
pronounce 20,000 words in one week.
o 1997: IBM's Deep blue intelligent computer won a chess game against the
chess expert Garry Kasparov, and it became the first computer that had
beaten a human chess professional.

• Machine Learning at present:

Now machine learning has got an outstanding improvement in its research, and it
is present everywhere around us, such as in self-driving cars, Amazon Alexa,
Catboats, recommender systems, and numerous more. It contains Supervised,
unsupervised, and reinforcement learning with clustering, classification, decision
tree, SVM algorithms, etc.
Modern machine learning models can be utilized for creating various predictions,
including weather prediction, disease prediction, stock market analysis, etc.

7. Conclusion:-
Machine learning is a key driver of innovation in computer and information technology,
impacting various sectors like cybersecurity, healthcare, and 5G optimization. Its
integration is crucial for transparency, fairness, and accountability, and its continued
synergy with emerging technologies will redefine our interactions with technology.
 Micro Project Evaluation Sheet

Name of Student:- YUSUF MOHAMMED ANSARI Enrollment No:- 2101440022

Name of Program:- Information Technology Semester:- VI
Course Title:- ETI Code:- (22618)
Title of Micro Project:- Machine Learning.
Course Outcomes Achieved:-
a) Describe Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning and deep learning
b) Interpret IoT concepts
c) Compare Models of Digital Forensic Investigation.
d) Describe Evidence Handling procedures.
e) Describe Ethical Hacking process.
f) Detect Network, Operating System and applications vulnerabilities
Sr. ChCharacteristic to Poor Average Good Excellent Sub
No.be assessed (Marks 1-3) (Marks 4 -5) (Marks 6-8) (Marks 9-10) Total
( A)Process and Product Assessment(Convert above total marks out of 6 marks. )
1. Relevance to the
Course
2. Literature
Review/information
collection
3. Completion of the
target as per
project proposal
4. Analysis of data and
representation
5. Quality of
Prototype/Model
6. Report Preparation.

( B) Individual Presentation/Viva (Convert above marks Total Marks out of 4)

7. Presentation
8. Viva
(A) (B)
Process and Product Assessment Individual Presentation/Viva Total Marks 10
(6 marks) (4 marks)

Comments/Suggestions about team work, leadership/inter-personal communication

………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………….
Name and designation of the Teacher:

Dated Signature ……………………………………………

Micro Project Evaluation Sheet

Name of Student:- Sarvesh Yogesh Parkar Enrollment No:-2101440023
Name of Program:- Information Technology Semester:- VI
Course Title:- ETI Code:- (22618)
Title of Micro Project:- Machine Learning.
Course Outcomes Achieved:-
a) Describe Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning and deep learning
b) Interpret IoT concepts
c) Compare Models of Digital Forensic Investigation.
d) Describe Evidence Handling procedures.
e) Describe Ethical Hacking process.
f) Detect Network, Operating System and applications vulnerabilities
Sr. C Characteristic to Poor Average Good Excellent Sub
No.be assessed (Marks 1-3) (Marks 4 -5) (Marks 6-8) (Marks 9-10) Total
( A)Process and Product Assessment(Convert above total marks out of 6 marks. )
1. Relevance to the
Course
2. Literature
Review/information
collection
3. Completion of the
target as per
project proposal
4. Analysis of data and
representation
5. Quality of
Prototype/Model
6. Report Preparation.

( B) Individual Presentation/Viva (Convert above marks Total Marks out of 4)

7. Presentation
8. Viva
(A) (B)
Process and Product Assessment Individual Presentation/Viva(4 Total Marks 10
(6 marks) marks)

Comments/Suggestions about team work, leadership/inter-personal communication

………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………….
Name and designation of the Teacher:

Dated Signature ……………………………………………

Micro Project Evaluation Sheet

Name of Student:-Omkar Harichandra Shete Enrollment No:- 2101440025
Name of Program:- Information Technology Semester:- VI
Course Title:- ETI Code:- (22618)
Title of Micro Project:- Machine Learning.
Course Outcomes Achieved:-
g) Describe Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning and deep learning
h) Interpret IoT concepts
i) Compare Models of Digital Forensic Investigation.
j) Describe Evidence Handling procedures.
k) Describe Ethical Hacking process.
l) Detect Network, Operating System and applications vulnerabilities
Sr. ChCharacteristic to Poor Average Good Excellent Sub
No.be assessed (Marks 1-3) (Marks 4 -5) (Marks 6-8) (Marks 9-10) Total
( A)Process and Product Assessment(Convert above total marks out of 6 marks. )
1. Relevance to the
Course
2. Literature
Review/information
collection
3. Completion of the
target as per
project proposal
4. Analysis of data and
representation
5. Quality of
Prototype/Model
6. Report Preparation.

( B) Individual Presentation/Viva (Convert above marks Total Marks out of 4)

7. Presentation
8. Viva
(A) (B)
Process and Product Assessment Individual Presentation/Viva Total Marks 10
(6 marks) (4 marks)

Comments/Suggestions about team work, leadership/inter-personal communication

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………….
Name and designation of the Teacher:

Dated Signature …………………………………………

 Micro-Project Evaluation Sheet

Sr. Characteristic to Poor Average Good Excellent Sub

No. be assessed . (Marks 1- (Marks 4 - (Marks 6- (Marks 9- Total
3) 5) 8) 10)
( A)Process and Product Assessment(Convert above total marks out of 6 marks.)

1. Relevance to the
Course

2. Literature
Review/information
collection
3. Completion of the
target as per
project proposal
4. Analysis of data
and representation
5. Quality of
Prototype/Model
6. Report
Preparation.

( B) Individual Presentation/Viva (Convert above marks Total Marks out of 4)

7. Presentation

8. Viva
(A) (B) Total Marks 10
Process and Product Individual
Assessment (6 marks) Presentation/Viva
(4 marks)
 ANNEXURE II
Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project
Academic Year: 2023-2024

Name of Faculty :- Mamta Mayekar

Program :- Emerging Trends in Computer & Information Technology.
Program Code :- 22618.
Semester :- VI
Title of the Project :-Machine Learning.

Major Learning Outcomes achieved by students by doing the Project:

(A) Practical Outcomes
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(B) Unit Outcomes in Congitive

Domain………………………………………………………………………………………
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(C) Outcomes in Affective

Domain………………………………………………………………………………………
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Comments/Suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication

(if any)
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