Contents

Preface ....................................................................................................................................................... 19

1 Getting Started 23

1.1 Workflows in SAP S/4HANA ............................................................................................. 23

1.1.1 Evolution of Workflows from SAP ERP to SAP S/4HANA ........................... 24
1.1.2 Workflow Options .................................................................................................. 27
1.2 Workflows in SAP Business Technology Platform .................................................. 32

1.3 Workflow Development Tools ......................................................................................... 34

1.3.1 Tools for Classical Workflow .............................................................................. 34
1.3.2 Tools for Flexible Workflow ................................................................................ 38
1.3.3 BRFplus Development Tools ............................................................................... 38
1.3.4 Tools for SAP Business Technology Platform ................................................ 43
1.4 Identity and Access Management ................................................................................. 45
1.4.1 Roles and Authorizations in SAP S/4HANA ................................................... 45
1.4.2 Roles and Authorizations in SAP Business Technology Platform ........... 47
1.5 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 48

Part I SAP Business Workflow for SAP S/4HANA

2 Introduction to Classical Workflows 51

2.1 Evolution of Classical Workflows ................................................................................... 51

2.2 Standard Workflows ............................................................................................................ 53
2.2.1 Searching for Standard Workflows .................................................................. 53
2.2.2 Commonly Used Standard Workflows ............................................................ 55
2.3 Configuring the SAP Business Workflow System ................................................... 56
2.3.1 Maintain Runtime Environment ....................................................................... 57
2.3.2 Maintain Definition Environment .................................................................... 64
2.3.3 Maintain Additional Settings and Services .................................................... 66
2.3.4 Classify Tasks as General ..................................................................................... 68
2.4 Activating and Deactivating Standard Workflows ................................................ 70

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2.5 Configuring Agents for Standard Workflows ........................................................... 72 4.3 Adding Tasks ............................................................................................................................ 154

2.6 When to Develop a Custom Workflow ........................................................................ 73 4.3.1 Adding an Activity Step ........................................................................................ 155
4.3.2 Adding a Send Email Step .................................................................................... 157
2.7 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 75
4.3.3 Adding a User Decision Step ............................................................................... 158
4.4 Containers and Bindings .................................................................................................... 160
4.4.1 Types of Containers ............................................................................................... 160
3 Building Methods and Tasks 77 4.4.2 Binding Definition and Binding Operators .................................................... 165
4.4.3 Custom Transformations in Binding ............................................................... 166
3.1 Business Object Repository Approach .......................................................................... 78 4.5 Multiline Elements and Dynamic Parallel Processing ........................................... 167
3.1.1 Business Object Type Definition ....................................................................... 79
4.6 Deadline Definition .............................................................................................................. 169
3.1.2 Defining a Custom Business Object Repository Object Type .................. 88
3.1.3 Creating Key Fields and Attributes ................................................................... 91 4.7 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 176
3.1.4 Creating Methods and Defining Properties, Parameters, and
Exceptions ................................................................................................................. 97
3.1.5 Creating Business Object Repository Events ................................................. 105
3.1.6 Testing a Business Object Repository Object Type ..................................... 106
5 Defining and Triggering Events 177

3.1.7 Creating a Subtype of a Standard Business Object Repository

Object Type ............................................................................................................... 108 5.1 Event Triggering Techniques ............................................................................................ 178
3.1.8 Delegation ................................................................................................................ 110 5.1.1 Event Trigger via Change Documents ............................................................. 178
3.1.9 Business Object Repository Programming ..................................................... 111 5.1.2 Event Trigger via Status Management ............................................................ 185
5.1.3 Event Trigger via Message Control ................................................................... 188
3.2 ABAP Class Approach ........................................................................................................... 116
5.1.4 Event Trigger via ABAP Code in User Exits, Business Add-Ins, and
3.2.1 Creating a Workflow Class .................................................................................. 116
Custom Programs ................................................................................................... 193
3.2.2 Defining Key Attributes and Non-Key Attributes ........................................ 118
3.2.3 Creating Methods and Defining Attributes, Parameters, and 5.2 Event Creators, Receivers, and Event Linkage .......................................................... 198
Exceptions ................................................................................................................. 120 5.3 Start Conditions in Workflows ........................................................................................ 203
3.2.4 Adding New Methods for Dialog and Background Tasks ......................... 123
5.4 Terminating Events and Instance Linkage ................................................................. 207
3.2.5 Method Exceptions ................................................................................................ 124
3.2.6 Creating Events ....................................................................................................... 128 5.5 Check Function Module and Receiver Function Module for Events ................ 210
3.2.7 Testing an ABAP Workflow Class ...................................................................... 129 5.6 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 212
3.3 Task Definition ....................................................................................................................... 130
3.3.1 Defining Standard Tasks and Task Settings .................................................. 131
3.3.2 Work Item Text and Description ....................................................................... 135 6 Agent Determination 213
3.4 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 137
6.1 Different Types of Agents in Workflow ....................................................................... 214
6.1.1 Possible Agents and Responsible Agents ....................................................... 214
6.1.2 Excluded Agents ..................................................................................................... 217
4 Defining Workflows and Adding Steps 139
6.1.3 Actual Agents ........................................................................................................... 218
6.1.4 Deadline Agents ...................................................................................................... 219
4.1 Workflow Builder .................................................................................................................. 139
6.1.5 Notification Agents ................................................................................................ 219
4.2 Common Workflow Steps .................................................................................................. 144

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6.2 Agent Determination Rules .............................................................................................. 220 8.6 Display Dynamic Labels for Tasks to Display in Business Workplace ............ 299
6.2.1 Rule Definition ........................................................................................................ 221 8.7 Event Trace and Event Queue Administration ......................................................... 301
6.2.2 Rule Container ......................................................................................................... 222
8.8 Process Incoming Documents with ArchiveLink ...................................................... 305
6.2.3 Binding to the Rule Container ............................................................................ 223
6.2.4 Rule Types ................................................................................................................. 224 8.9 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 310

6.3 Possible Agents in Tasks and Default Rules .............................................................. 234

6.4 Organizational Structure Definition and Linking to Workflow Agents ........ 237

6.5 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 239

9 Application Link Enabling and Reporting 313

9.1 Error Handling during IDoc Processing ........................................................................ 314

9.1.1 Business Requirements for Inbound IDoc Error Handling ........................ 314
7 Email Notifications and Other Runtime Jobs 241 9.1.2 Handling the Inbound IDoc Error ...................................................................... 315
9.1.3 Notification of Successful Posting .................................................................... 320
7.1 Prerequisites for Setting Up Email Notifications in Workflow ......................... 241 9.1.4 Testing Procedure ................................................................................................... 323
7.1.1 Setting Up Email IDs for SAP Users .................................................................. 242 9.1.5 Setting Up an Inbound IDoc Process via a Workflow ................................. 326
7.1.2 Setting up SAPconnect ......................................................................................... 242 9.2 Active Monitoring ................................................................................................................. 327
7.2 Classical Work Item Email Notifications via Program RSWUWFML2 ............. 244 9.3 Common Workflow Data Tables .................................................................................... 329
7.3 Extended Notification Configuration with Program SWNCONFIG ................. 252 9.4 Common Workflow Application Programming Interfaces ................................. 330
7.3.1 Overview of the Notification Process .............................................................. 252
9.5 Workflow Reporting ............................................................................................................ 331
7.3.2 Detailed Customizing ........................................................................................... 254
9.6 Implementing Program Exits to Capture Data from Workflow Steps ........... 335
7.4 Adding Inbox and Work Item URL Links to Workflow Work Item
Notifications ............................................................................................................................ 262 9.7 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 339

7.5 Additional Workflow Runtime Jobs .............................................................................. 264

7.6 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 265

10 BRFplus 341

10.1 Introduction to BRFplus ...................................................................................................... 341

8 Workflow Administration, Monitoring, and 10.1.1 Business Rules Management Systems ............................................................ 342
Troubleshooting 267 10.1.2 Rule Modeling .......................................................................................................... 342
10.1.3 Rule Execution Engine .......................................................................................... 346
8.1 Workflow Log .......................................................................................................................... 268
10.2 Integrating BRFplus Applications in SAP Business Workflow ........................... 347
8.2 Workflow Administration ................................................................................................. 274 10.2.1 BRFplus Application Overview ........................................................................... 348
8.3 Workflow Error Diagnosis and Resolution ................................................................. 279 10.2.2 Attach a BRFplus Function in a Business Workflow ................................... 348
10.2.3 Executing the Workflow ...................................................................................... 352
8.4 Workflow Inbox and Features ......................................................................................... 283
10.3 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 356
8.5 Substitution and Automatic Forwarding .................................................................... 289
8.5.1 Substitutions in SAP GUI ...................................................................................... 290
8.5.2 Substitutions in SAP Fiori ..................................................................................... 297

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11 Integrating Workflows with User Interface 13.1.6 Standard Background Tasks ................................................................................ 402
13.1.7 Agent Determination ............................................................................................ 403
Applications and External Applications 357
13.1.8 Workflow Container Used by Workflow Templates ................................... 405
13.1.9 Workflow Log for Change Requests ................................................................. 406
11.1 My Inbox App Overview ..................................................................................................... 357 13.1.10 Rule-Based Workflow Template ........................................................................ 407
11.2 Workflow Task Integration with User Interface Applications .......................... 359 13.1.11 SAP Master Data Governance, Consolidation and Mass Processing ..... 418
11.2.1 Set Up a Scenario-Specific My Inbox Tile ........................................................ 359 13.2 Business Partner Workflows ............................................................................................ 419
11.2.2 Create and Maintain User Attributes: Adding Additional 13.2.1 Business Partner Data Model and Approach ................................................ 419
Attributes for a Task .............................................................................................. 365 13.2.2 Change Requests for Business Partner Master Data .................................. 421
11.2.3 Launching SAPUI5 Applications from Workflow Tasks ............................. 368 13.2.3 Workflow Templates Used in Business Partner Change Requests ........ 422
11.2.4 Launching Web Dynpro Applications from Workflow Tasks ................... 371
13.3 Finance Workflows ............................................................................................................... 431
11.3 Email Templates in SAP S/4HANA ................................................................................. 373
13.3.1 Finance Data Model ............................................................................................... 432
11.4 Integrating External Applications with SAP Business Workflow ..................... 373 13.3.2 Change Request Types in the Finance Data Model ..................................... 433
11.5 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 374 13.3.3 Workflow Templates Used in Finance Change Requests ......................... 433
13.4 Material Workflows ............................................................................................................. 436

13.5 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 437

12 Migrating SAP ERP Workflows to SAP S/4HANA 375

12.1 Migration Options from SAP ERP to SAP S/4HANA ................................................ 376 Part II Flexible Workflow in SAP S/4HANA
12.2 Conversion Projects (Brownfield) ................................................................................... 378
12.2.1 Handling System Upgrades for Standard and Custom Workflows ....... 378 14 Introduction to Flexible Workflow 441
12.2.2 Migrating Your SAP ERP Workflows to SAP S/4HANA ............................... 381
12.3 New Implementation Projects (Greenfield) and Selective Data 14.1 Authorizations and SAP Fiori Applications Required for Development ........ 442
Transition .................................................................................................................................. 384 14.2 Flexible Workflow Scenarios ............................................................................................ 443
12.3.1 Selective Data Transition Overview ................................................................. 384 14.2.1 Standard Flexible Scenarios ................................................................................ 444
12.3.2 Managing the Technical Migration of In-Process Workflows ................. 386 14.2.2 Custom Flexible Scenarios .................................................................................. 444
12.3.3 Migrating User Data and SAP Office Settings from SAP ERP to 14.2.3 Comparing Flexible and Classical Workflows ............................................... 444
SAP S/4HANA ........................................................................................................... 387 14.2.4 Choosing Between Classical and Flexible Workflows ................................ 445
12.4 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 389 14.3 Migrating to Flexible Workflows ................................................................................... 446

14.4 Setting Up a Standard Flexible Workflow Scenario ............................................... 447

14.4.1 Finding Standard Workflows on SAP Help ..................................................... 447
13 Workflow in SAP Master Data Governance 391 14.4.2 Finding Workflows in Scenario Editor and the Manage
Workflows App ........................................................................................................ 448
13.1 Introduction to SAP Master Data Governance ......................................................... 392 14.4.3 Activating the Scenario ........................................................................................ 449
13.1.1 Data Models in Central Governance ................................................................ 393 14.4.4 Setting Up a Standard Scenario Using the Manage
13.1.2 Change Request in Central Governance ......................................................... 394 Workflows App ........................................................................................................ 454
13.1.3 Business Object BUS2250 .................................................................................... 397 14.5 Extending the Standard Flexible Scenario ................................................................. 460
13.1.4 Standard Dialog Tasks Used in Workflow Templates ................................ 399
14.6 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 461
13.1.5 Standard Dialog Tasks .......................................................................................... 401

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15 Custom Scenario Development 463 16.4 Manage Teams and Responsibilities App ................................................................... 514

16.5 Transporting Extensions .................................................................................................... 515

15.1 Workflow Class Development ......................................................................................... 463 16.5.1 Configure Software Packages ............................................................................ 516
15.1.1 Use Case for Walkthrough of Custom Scenario ........................................... 464 16.5.2 Register Extensions for Transport .................................................................... 518
15.1.2 Classes ........................................................................................................................ 465 16.5.3 Transporting Workflow Scenario Content ..................................................... 519
15.1.3 Interfaces .................................................................................................................. 466 16.6 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 520
15.1.4 Attributes .................................................................................................................. 466
15.1.5 Events ......................................................................................................................... 467
15.1.6 Standard Methods ................................................................................................. 468
15.2 Business Objects .................................................................................................................... 470
Part III Workflows with SAP Business Technology Platform
15.2.1 Maintain Business Object Type (V_BO_TYPE) .............................................. 471
15.2.2 Maintain Object Node Type (SBO_V_NODETYPE) ....................................... 472 17 Introduction to SAP Build Process Automation 523
15.2.3 Maintain Core Data Services View (V_SBO_NODE_CDS) ......................... 472
15.2.4 Maintain Object Representation ....................................................................... 473 17.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 523

15.3 Scenario Development ........................................................................................................ 473 17.2 Typical Use Cases for SAP S/4HANA ............................................................................. 524
15.3.1 Context Element ..................................................................................................... 474 17.3 System and Service Requirements ................................................................................ 525
15.3.2 Process Data ............................................................................................................. 475
17.4 Setting Up the Required Services ................................................................................... 526
15.3.3 Control ....................................................................................................................... 477
15.3.4 Activities .................................................................................................................... 478 17.5 Working with the Workflow Cockpit ........................................................................... 532
15.3.5 Conditions ................................................................................................................. 481 17.6 Security ...................................................................................................................................... 535
15.3.6 Agent Rules ............................................................................................................... 483 17.6.1 Process Automation Admin ................................................................................ 535
15.3.7 Value Helps ............................................................................................................... 485 17.6.2 Process Automation Developer ......................................................................... 535
15.3.8 Email Templates ..................................................................................................... 487 17.6.3 Process Automation Participants ...................................................................... 536
15.4 Create a Workflow Template Using the Manage Workflows App .................. 490 17.7 Troubleshooting ..................................................................................................................... 536
15.5 Initiating the Custom Flexible Workflow ................................................................... 497 17.8 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 537
15.6 My Inbox Integration ........................................................................................................... 498
15.6.1 Define Step Names and Decision Options ..................................................... 498
15.6.2 Define Visualization Metadata for My Inbox ................................................ 499
15.6.3 My Inbox for Custom Scenario Walkthrough ............................................... 499
18 Process Development 539

15.7 Troubleshooting ..................................................................................................................... 501

18.1 Workflow Design Techniques .......................................................................................... 540
15.8 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 504
18.2 Creating a Workflow Using SAP Business Application Studio .......................... 541
18.2.1 Create a Workflow Module ................................................................................. 542
18.2.2 Tasks in Workflows ................................................................................................ 546
16 SAP Fiori Applications for Flexible Workflow 505 18.2.3 Using Gateways ...................................................................................................... 559
18.2.4 Events ......................................................................................................................... 562

16.1 Adaptation Transport Organizer Setup ....................................................................... 505 18.3 Creating a Workflow Using Process Builder .............................................................. 567
18.3.1 Using Process Builder ............................................................................................ 568
16.2 Maintain Email Templates App ....................................................................................... 507
18.3.2 Using Triggers .......................................................................................................... 574
16.3 Notification Features ........................................................................................................... 510 18.3.3 Using Forms ............................................................................................................. 574

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18.3.4 Using Approval Forms ........................................................................................... 576 19.2 Testing the Process Visibility Scenario ......................................................................... 652
18.3.5 Using Automation Tasks ...................................................................................... 577
19.3 Process Monitoring and Real-Time Insights .............................................................. 653
18.3.6 Using Decisions ....................................................................................................... 578
18.3.7 Using Subprocesses ............................................................................................... 584 19.4 Add Workflow Actions to the Dashboard ................................................................... 654
18.3.8 Using Actions ........................................................................................................... 585 19.5 Using Application Programming Interfaces for Process Visibility ................... 660
18.3.9 Using Mail ................................................................................................................. 590
19.6 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 662
18.3.10 Using Controls ......................................................................................................... 592
18.4 Building and Deploying the Project .............................................................................. 595
18.4.1 Release ....................................................................................................................... 595
18.4.2 Deploy ........................................................................................................................ 596
20 Task Processing with My Inbox 663

18.4.3 Run .............................................................................................................................. 597

20.1 My Inbox for SAP Business Technology Platform ................................................... 664
18.5 Destination Configuration with Authentication ..................................................... 598
20.1.1 Standard App in SAP Build Process Automation .......................................... 664
18.5.1 Destination Setup .................................................................................................. 599
20.1.2 Configure My Inbox in SAP Build Work Zone ................................................ 665
18.5.2 Authentication ........................................................................................................ 602
20.2 SAP Task Center ...................................................................................................................... 670
18.6 Transport Management ..................................................................................................... 602
20.3 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 673
18.7 Using APIs for SAP Build Process Automation .......................................................... 605
18.7.1 Application Programming Interfaces for Workflow ................................... 605
18.7.2 Application Programming Interfaces for Decisions .................................... 606
18.7.3 Application Programming Interfaces for My Inbox .................................... 607 The Authors ............................................................................................................................................. 675
Index .......................................................................................................................................................... 679
18.8 Design a Process/Workflow for the Use Case .......................................................... 607
18.8.1 Use Case and Solution .......................................................................................... 607
18.8.2 Design Using Process Builder ............................................................................. 609
18.8.3 Design Using SAP Business Application Studio ............................................ 626
18.9 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 634

19 Process Visibility 635

19.1 Configuring Process Visibility .......................................................................................... 636

19.1.1 Roles ............................................................................................................................ 637
19.1.2 Process Preparation ............................................................................................... 638
19.1.3 Create Visibility Scenario ..................................................................................... 640
19.1.4 Configure Visibility Scenario .............................................................................. 641
19.1.5 Add Process to the Visibility Scenario .............................................................. 641
19.1.6 Configure Phases .................................................................................................... 643
19.1.7 Configure Status ..................................................................................................... 644
19.1.8 Configure Performance Indicators ................................................................... 647
19.1.9 Release the Project ................................................................................................. 648
19.1.10 Deploy the Project .................................................................................................. 650

16 17
Index

_Attach_Objects .................................................... 134 Authentication ...................................................... 602

_EVT_OBJECT .......................................................... 177 Automatic forwarding ........................................ 289
_Wi_Actual_Agent ..................................... 134, 218 Automation tasks ................................................. 577
_Wi_Object_ID ....................................................... 134
B
A
Background activity ............................................ 479
ABAP CDS views .................................................... 470 Background tasks ................................................. 402
ABAP classes ........................................................... 116 BAdI ......................................................... 482, 483, 497
test ......................................................................... 129 BI_EVENT_HANDLER_STATIC ........................ 200
ABAP Test Cockpit ................................................ 382 BI_OBJECT ............................................................... 116
Actions ............................................................ 585, 654 BI_PERSISTENT ...................................................... 116
configure ............................................................. 588 Binding editor ........................................................ 132
Active area ............................................................... 394 Bindings .......................................................... 160, 223
Active monitoring ................................................ 327 custom transformations .............................. 166
Activities ......................................................... 144, 478 definition ............................................................ 165
ACTOR_TAB ............................................................. 228 Boundary escalation event ............................... 566
Actual agents .......................................................... 218 Boundary timer event ........................................ 566
Ad hoc anchor ........................................................ 148 Branches ......................................................... 593, 620
Adaptation transport organizer (ATO) ......... 505 BRFplus .................................... 24, 38, 341, 411, 430
Administration ...................................................... 274 APIs ....................................................................... 346
documentation ................................................. 276 application ......................................................... 344
key activities ...................................................... 277 application overview ..................................... 348
Agent assignment error ..................................... 280 attach function ................................................. 348
Agent determination ...... 28, 213, 403, 483, 501 building blocks ................................................. 344
rule-based workflow ....................................... 405 create new task ................................................. 349
rules ....................................................................... 220 data objects ....................................................... 344
standard workflow .......................................... 404 decision tables .................................................. 345
with function module ..................................... 221 execute workflow ............................................ 352
with organization data ................................. 221 expressions ......................................................... 345
with responsibilities ........................................ 221 functions ............................................................. 345
Agent rules ........................................... 483, 495, 502 layout ................................................................... 343
Agent types ............................................................. 235 overview .............................................................. 341
Agents .............................................. 72, 155, 274, 504 rule execution engine .................................... 346
API call .......................................................................... 99 rule modeling .................................................... 342
APIs ................................................................... 605, 661 test workflow ..................................................... 353
for decisions ....................................................... 606 workbench ................................................. 342, 351
for workflows ........................................... 330, 605 Brownfield project ............................................... 376
My Inbox ............................................................. 607 Buffering .................................................................. 281
Application errors ................................................. 103 Business Application Programming
Application Link Enabling (ALE) ........... 188, 313 Interface (BAPI) ................................................... 79
AppRouter ............................................................... 668 Business object repository (BOR) ..... 28, 77, 177
Approval forms ................................... 576, 617, 620 builder ..................................................................... 36
ArchiveLink ................................................... 305, 308 events ................................................................... 105
configuration ..................................................... 309 object types ........................................................... 88
Attributes .......................................................... 82, 466 program ................................................................. 86
create ....................................................................... 91 programming ............................................. 97, 111
define key ones .................................................. 118 test object types ............................................... 106

679
Index Index

Business object type definition ......................... 79 Conditions ............... 137, 145, 157, 481, 486, 583, Email notifications (Cont.) Flexible workflows (Cont.)
Business objects ................................. 316, 470, 504 619, 622, 631 set up SAPconnect ............................................ 242 extending ............................................................ 460
BUS2001 .................................................................. 81 Configure Software Packages app ................... 516 URL links .............................................................. 262 migration ............................................................ 446
BUS2032 .................................................................. 79 CONSTRUCTOR ...................................................... 118 Email tasks ............................................................... 558 SAP Help .............................................................. 447
BUS2054 .................................................................. 81 Container element binding ............................... 150 Email templates ..... 373, 487, 489, 496, 503, 511 scenarios ............................................................. 443
BUS2250 ............................................................... 397 Containers ...................................................... 146, 160 End event ................................................................. 565 set up .................................................................... 447
Business partners ................................................. 419 types ....................................................................... 160 Entitlements ........................................................... 526 standard .............................................................. 444
change requests ................................................ 421 Context elements .................................................. 474 Error diagnosis ....................................................... 279 tools ......................................................................... 38
data model .......................................................... 419 Controls ........................................................... 477, 592 Error handling ........................................................ 314 visualization metadata ................................. 452
workflow templates ........................................ 422 CREATE_EVENT ...................................................... 189 Event linkages .............................................. 282, 318 vs classical workflows .................................... 444
Business rules ............................................................ 34 Create, read, update, and delete (CRUD) ...... 394 Event queue ............................................................ 301 when to use ........................................................ 445
Business rules management Custom scenarios .................................................. 463 Event traces ............................................................. 301 Fork ............................................................................ 148
system (BRMS) .................................................. 341 Custom workflows .................................................. 73 Event type linkages .............................................. 397 Forms ..................................................... 145, 555, 574
Business Workplace ................................... 284, 357 CX_BO_ERROR ....................................................... 124 Event-based triggers ............................................ 610 add decision ....................................................... 556
attachments ....................................................... 287 CX_BO_TEMPORARY ........................................... 124 Events ................... 36, 85, 146, 467, 497–499, 562 Forward work item .............................................. 277
inbox ..................................................................... 285 configuration ..................................................... 181 Forwarding .............................................................. 234
outbox .................................................................. 287 D create .................................................................... 128
toolbar .................................................................. 288 creator .................................................................. 198 G
work items .......................................................... 287 Data elements ......................................................... 617 define .................................................................... 177
Data models ............................................................. 393 delivery ................................................................. 202 Gateways .................................................................. 559
C Data tables ................................................................ 329 linkage .................................................................. 199 get_task_container() ........................................... 469
Database attributes ................................................ 92 parameters ............................................... 106, 468 get_workflow_container() ................................ 469
Callback classes ......................... 465, 466, 469, 484 Deadline agents ..................................................... 219 receiver ................................................................. 199 Graphical model ................................................... 143
Central governance .............................................. 393 Deadline monitoring ........................................... 512 terminating ........................................................ 207 Greenfield implementation ............................. 376
Change documents .............................................. 178 Deadlines .................................................................. 157 trigger ................................................................... 177
Change request actions ...................................... 396 definition ............................................................. 169 trigger via ABAP code ..................................... 193 I
Change request step types ................................ 396 types ....................................................................... 172 trigger via message control ......................... 188
Change request steps .......................................... 394 Decision tables ................................... 411, 581, 616 trigger via status management ................. 185 I_WorkflowTask .................................................... 487
Change request types .......................................... 394 nonuser agent .................................................... 413 triggering techniques ..................................... 178 I_WorkflowTaskApplObject ............................. 487
Check function module ................... 201, 203, 210 single-value ......................................................... 411 Exceptions ..................................................... 102, 124 Identity and access management ..................... 45
CL_SWF_EVT_EVENT ........................................... 194 user agent ............................................................ 412 Excluded agents .................................................... 217 Identity management ........................................ 530
CL_SWF_FLEX_IFS_DEF_APPL_ Decisions ........................................................ 578, 612 Exclusive gateway ................................................ 560 IDOCAPPL ................................................................ 316
BASE ............................................................ 465, 477 Default rules .................................................. 135, 236 Execution views .................................................... 274 IDocs .......................................................................... 313
CL_SWF_FLEX_IFS_RUN_APPL_ Delegation ................................................................ 110 EXIT_CANCELLED ................................................. 115 handle error .............................................. 314, 315
BASE ............................................................ 465, 477 Design techniques ................................................ 540 EXIT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED ............................... 115 monitoring ......................................................... 327
CL_SWF_IFS_WF_CONSTRUCTOR ................. 335 Destinations .................................................. 598, 671 EXIT_OBJECT_NOT_FOUND ............................. 115 processing ........................................................... 314
CL_SWF_IFS_WF_DESTRUCTOR ..................... 335 configure .............................................................. 551 EXIT_PARAMETER_NOT_FOUND .................. 115 sales order inbound ........................................ 314
CL_SWH_WORKITEM_EXIT .............................. 335 setup ...................................................................... 599 EXIT_RETURN ......................................................... 115 testing .................................................................. 323
Classic technical view .......................................... 268 variable ................................................................. 601 Expressions ............................................................. 215 IF_SWF_FLEX_IFS_DEF_APPL ................ 466, 478
Classic user view .................................................... 268 Dialog tasks .......................................... 399, 401, 479 IF_SWF_FLEX_IFS_RUN_APPL ............... 466, 477
Classical workflows ......................... 23, 25, 27, 382 Document from template ................................. 145 F IF_SWF_FLEX_IFS_RUN_APPL_STEP ........... 477
activate/deactivate ............................................ 70 Document templates ........................................... 143 IF_SWF_IFS_WF_CONSTRUCTOR .................. 335
commonly-used ................................................... 55 Dynamic column ................................................... 300 Field restrictions ................................................... 180 IF_SWF_IFS_WF_DESTRUCTOR ...................... 335
evolution ................................................................ 51 Dynamic labels ....................................................... 299 Flexible blocks .............................................. 474, 478 IF_SWF_IFS_WORKITEM_EXIT ....................... 335
search ............................................................... 53, 54 Dynamic parallel processing ............................ 167 Flexible workflows ................ 23, 26, 29, 382, 441 IF_T100_DYN_MSG ............................................. 125
standard ................................................................. 53 activate ................................................................ 450 IF_T100_MESSAGE .............................................. 125
tools .......................................................................... 34 E activate scenario .............................................. 449 IF_WAPI_WORKITEM_CONTEXT ................... 337
trigger ...................................................................... 28 authorizations .................................................. 442 IF_WORKFLOW .......................... 116, 465, 466, 468
Classifications ........................................................ 293 Email notifications ............................................... 241 custom .................................................................. 444 IFEXIST ......................................................................... 81
Condition controls ............................................... 592 email IDs .............................................................. 242 customization ................................................... 450 IFSAP ............................................................................. 81
Condition editor .......................................... 182, 319 prerequisites ....................................................... 241 deactivate event type linkage ..................... 454 IFSTATUS ..................................................................... 83
Condition records ................................................. 191 program RSWUWFML2 ................................... 244 define steps and decisions ............................ 451 IM_EVENT_NAME ................................................ 337

680 681
Index Index

Import parameters ............................................... 101 Methods ............................................ 77, 83, 468, 469 Persistence object references ........................... 466 Program SWNCONFIG ........................................ 252
Incoming documents .......................................... 305 attributes ............................................................... 99 Person ........................................................................ 315 business scenario ............................................. 254
Instance linkages .................................................. 209 create ............................................................. 97, 120 Phases ........................................................................ 643 category .............................................................. 255
Integration ............................................................... 357 definition ............................................................... 84 Position ..................................................................... 315 customizing ....................................................... 254
Interface methods ................................................ 123 Migrating workflows .................................. 375, 381 Possible agents ................................... 214, 234, 235 delivery ................................................................ 254
Interfaces ........................................................... 81, 466 archive objects ................................................... 383 Pre-migration activities ..................................... 375 delivery schedule ............................................. 260
Intermediate escalation events ...................... 565 custom code ........................................................ 382 Process and Workflow Definitions app ........... 45 delta filter ........................................................... 257
Intermediate message events .......................... 563 new features ....................................................... 381 Process and Workflow Instances app .... 44, 633 filter pair ............................................................. 256
Intermediate timer events ................................ 564 options .................................................................. 376 Process builder ............................. 44, 567, 609, 638 full filter ............................................................... 256
system changes ................................................. 383 artifacts ................................................................ 570 notification process ........................................ 252
J technical migration ......................................... 386 project name ...................................................... 570 selection .............................................................. 253
Modeled .................................................................... 171 repository ............................................................ 570 selection schedules .......................................... 258
Java Unified Expression Language (JUEL) ..... 553 Multiline workflow container .......................... 168 steps ....................................................................... 572 subscription ....................................................... 260
Jobs ............................................................................. 315 Multiple condition ................................................ 146 use .......................................................................... 568
My Inbox ......... 24, 297, 443, 451, 487, 498–500, Process codes .......................................................... 315 Q
K 625, 634 Process control ............................................ 147, 148
additional task attributes ............................. 365 Process data ............................................................ 475 Quality inspection request ............................... 189
Key fields ..................................................................... 81 configure in SAP Build Work Zone ............. 665 Process monitoring ............................................. 653
create ....................................................................... 91 features ................................................................. 359 Process patterns .................................................... 409 R
integrate external applications .................. 368 Process visibility ................................................... 635
L navigation ........................................................... 668 add process ......................................................... 641 Receiver call ............................................................ 200
overview ............................................................... 357 configure ............................................................. 636 Receiver determination ..................................... 202
Latest end ................................................................. 157 SAP BTP ................................................................. 664 configure phases .............................................. 643 Receiver function module ....................... 201, 210
Latest start ............................................................... 157 scenario-specific ................................................ 359 configure scenario ........................................... 641 Receiver type .......................................................... 200
Leading objects ................................... 465, 475, 476 tile ........................................................................... 666 configure status ................................................ 644 Register Extensions for Transport app ........ 518
Local persistent object reference .................... 118 variants ................................................................ 358 create scenario .................................................. 640 Remote Function Calls (RFCs) ............................ 43
Local workflow ....................................................... 149 My Inbox – All Items app ................................... 359 dashboard ........................................................... 654 Reporting ................................................................. 331
Loop ............................................................................ 148 target mapping ................................................. 364 deploy project .................................................... 650 Requested end ....................................................... 157
performance indicators ................................. 647 Requested start ..................................................... 157
M N process preparation ........................................ 638 Requirement routine .......................................... 191
release project ................................................... 648 Responsibility ............................................... 224, 225
Macros ....................................................................... 112 Near-zero downtime ............................................ 385 roles ....................................................................... 637 Responsible agents .............................................. 214
Mail tasks ................................................................. 590 Notification agents ............................................... 219 scenarios ................................................................. 34 RH_GET_ACTORS ................................................. 220
Maintain Email Templates app ............ 487, 489, Notifications ........................................................... 510 substatus ............................................................. 645 Roles .................................... 484, 485, 494, 495, 501
496, 508 test scenario ....................................................... 652 Rule-based workflows ......................................... 407
custom template .............................................. 509 O version control .................................................. 649 design ................................................................... 414
Manage My Substitutes app ............................. 667 Program exits ............................................... 157, 335 extend .................................................................. 417
Manage Process and Workflows app ............ 633 Object type definition ........................................... 93 Program RESIDOCA ............................................. 328 Rules ....................................... 36, 160, 319, 580, 613
Manage Teams and Responsibilities app .... 514 Object type status ................................................... 90 Program RHWEGID00 ......................................... 231 containers ........................................................... 222
Manage Workflow Scenarios app ........... 38, 503, Object types ................................................... 191, 316 Program RSWNNOTIFDEL ................................. 265 types ...................................................................... 224
508, 519 Object-oriented programming (OOP) ............. 77 Program RSWUWFML2 ....................................... 244 Run time class ........................................................ 489
Manage Workflows app ........... 38, 443, 448, 478, OData ......................................................................... 587 data for individual run .................................. 250 Runtime jobs .......................................................... 241
481–483, 485, 491, 519 Optical character recognition (OCR) .............. 306 executable attachments ................................ 247 RVNSWE01 .............................................................. 189
deadlines ............................................................. 458 Organization management ................................. 36 exits ....................................................................... 249
dialog activity ................................................... 456 Organization structure ....................................... 237 granularity .......................................................... 247 S
exceptions ........................................................... 458 Organization units ................................................ 315 instance data ..................................................... 246
new template ..................................................... 455 log ........................................................................... 250 SAP BTP cockpit ........................................... 526, 599
set up standard scenario ............................... 454 P message text ...................................................... 248 SAP Build Process Automation ........... 25–27, 32,
step conditions .................................................. 457 selection of work items and recipients .... 251 374, 523, 567
Material workflows .............................................. 436 Parallel gateway ........................................... 559, 629 shortcuts .............................................................. 249 booster ................................................................. 528
Message control .................................................... 188 Partner profiles ...................................................... 315 variants ................................................................ 251 deploy project ................................................... 596
Program SWN_SELSEN ....................................... 264 lobby ............................................................ 532, 567

682 683
Index Index

SAP Build Process Automation (Cont.) SAP GUI ..................................................................... 376 Subprocesses .......................................................... 584 Tasks (Cont.)
monitor ................................................................ 532 SAP inbox ................................................................. 284 Substitution .................................................. 289, 290 visualizations .................................................... 369
My Inbox ............................................................. 664 SAP Integration Suite ........................................... 374 deactivation ....................................................... 292 Technical logs ............................................... 501–503
overview ............................................................... 523 SAP Master Data Governance (SAP MDG) ... 391 details ................................................................... 292 Technical view ....................................................... 268
project name ...................................................... 534 consolidation and mass processing .......... 418 profile .................................................................... 295 Temporary errors ................................................. 103
release project ................................................... 595 overview ............................................................... 392 SAP Fiori ............................................................... 297 Terminate end events ........................................ 565
run project .......................................................... 597 SAP MDG, Financials ............................................ 431 SAP GUI ................................................................ 290 Terminating events ............................................. 134
security ................................................................. 535 change request types ...................................... 433 work item-specific ............................................ 293 Testing ......................................................................... 36
set up required services ................................. 526 data models ........................................................ 432 Substitutions .......................................................... 667 Traces ................................................................. 41, 184
start project ........................................................ 533 workflow templates ......................................... 433 Subtypes ...................................................................... 87 Transaction
store ....................................................................... 532 SAP Notes ................................................................. 378 create .................................................................... 108 BD67 ............................................................. 321, 322
system requirements ...................................... 525 SAP S/4HANA .......................................................... 463 Subworkflows ............................................... 151, 152 BRF+ ...................................................................... 342
troubleshooting ................................................ 536 SAP S/4HANA Cloud, private edition .............. 30 Supertypes .................................................................. 87 BS02 ...................................................................... 186
with SAP S/4HANA .......................................... 525 SAP S/4HANA Cloud, public edition ................ 30 SWB_2_CHECK_FB_START_COND_EVAL ... 210 BSVW .................................................................... 381
workflow editor ................................................ 534 SAP S/4HANA migration .................................... 375 SWC_CALL_METHOD .......................................... 115 BSVX ..................................................................... 186
SAP Build Work Zone ........................................... 665 SAP Solution Manager ......................................... 603 SWC_CONTAINER ................................................. 115 BSVZ ...................................................................... 187
SAP Business Accelerator Hub ........................ 374 SAP Task Center ............................................. 24, 670 SWC_CONTAINER_CREATE .............................. 115 FB50 ...................................................................... 276
SAP Business Application Studio .... 43, 541, 626 booster .................................................................. 671 SWC_CREATE_OBJECT ........................................ 114 FDT_HELPERS ...................................................... 40
namespace .......................................................... 544 product support ................................................ 670 SWC_GET_PROPERTY ......................................... 112 MDGIMG ............................................................. 393
tasks ...................................................................... 546 restrictions .......................................................... 673 SWC_GET_TABLE_PROPERTY .......................... 112 NACE ............................................................ 188, 189
workflow module ............................................. 542 SAP Workflow Management ............ 32, 523, 562 SWC_SET_ELEMENT ............................................ 113 OOCU_RESP ....................................................... 225
SAP Business Process Automation ................... 44 SAP_WAPI_CREATE_EVENT .............................. 194 SWC_SET_TABLE ................................................... 113 PFAC ............................................................. 134, 221
SAP Business Technology SAP_WAPI_CREATE_EVENT_EXTENDED .... 194 SWCONT ................................................................... 111 PFAC_CHG .......................................................... 220
Platform (SAP BTP) ............................................. 23 SAP_WFRT ................................................................ 383 SWE_EVENT_CREATE .......................................... 194 PFAC_DIS ............................................................ 220
My Inbox ............................................................. 664 SAP_WORKFLOW_SYSTEM ............................... 103 SWE_EVENT_CREATE_IN_UPD_TASK ......... 194 PFCG ...................................................................... 361
roles and authorizations .................................. 47 SAP_WORKFLOW_SYSTEM_ SWE_TEMPLATE_CHECK_FB ............................ 201 PFOM .................................................................... 233
workflows ............................................................... 32 TEMPORARY ....................................................... 103 SWE_TEMPLATE_CHECK_FB_2 ....................... 201 PFTC ............................................ 54, 130, 149, 163
SAP Business Workflow SAPconnect .............................................................. 243 SWE_TEMPLATE_REC_FB .................................. 201 PPOSW .................................................................... 36
check HR table entries ....................................... 66 SAPUI5 ....................................................................... 557 SWE_TEMPLATE_REC_FB_2 ............................. 201 RMPS_SET_SUBSTITUTE ............................... 290
check number ranges ........................................ 65 SAPUI5 applications ............................................. 368 SWE_TEMPLATE_RECTYPE_FB ........................ 202 S_ATO_SETUP ................................................... 505
classify decision task as general ................... 60 Scenario context .................................................... 474 SWE_TEMPLATE_RECTYPE_FB_2 ................... 202 SBWP ..................................................................... 357
classify tasks as general ................................... 68 Scenario editor ....................................................... 448 SWEAD ....................................................................... 202 SCDO ..................................................................... 178
configure ................................................................ 56 Scenario ID ............................................................... 508 SWF_CRT_NOTIFY_RECIPIENTS ..................... 487 SE16N ....................................................................... 53
configure RFC destination ............................... 58 Script tasks ..................................................... 546, 627 SWF_PROCESS_WORKFLOW_ SJOBREPO ............................................................ 383
email notifications .......................................... 245 Secondary priority ................................................ 227 CONDITION ........................................................ 482 SLG3 ...................................................................... 278
integrating external applications ............. 373 Security roles ............................................................ 45 SWF_WORKFLOW_CONDITION_DEF ........... 461 SOST ...................................................................... 325
integrating with BRFplus .............................. 347 Selected agents ....................................................... 217 SWF_WORKFLOW_CONDITION_EVAL ........ 461 SU01 ...................................................................... 242
maintain active plan version ......................... 60 Selective data transition ........................... 376, 384 SWHACTOR ............................................................. 228 SWB_COND ............................ 203, 204, 319, 381
maintain additional settings and overview ............................................................... 384 SWW_WI_CREATE_VIA_EVENT_IBF ... 201, 210 SWDC_RUNTIME ................................................ 60
services ............................................................... 66 Send mail .............................................. 144, 157, 321 System conversion ............................................... 377 SWDD ......................................... 35, 139, 223, 348
maintain administrator ................................... 59 Sentiment ................................................................. 655 System errors ......................................................... 103 SWDD_SCENARIO ......... 38, 442, 448, 474, 511
maintain definition environment ................ 64 Sequence flow ......................................................... 561 SWDM ...................................................................... 53
maintain runtime environment .................... 57 Service tasks .................................................. 549, 629 T SWE2 ........................................... 70, 199, 381, 418
maintain time units ........................................... 61 SIBFLPOR .................................................................. 466 SWE3 ..................................................................... 209
SAP ERP vs SAP S/4HANA ................................ 24 Simulations ............................................................... 41 Task groups ................................................................ 36 SWEC ............................................................ 180, 381
schedule background job ................................. 61 Staging area ............................................................. 394 Tasks ................................................... 36, 77, 153, 546 SWED .................................................................... 178
SAP Cloud Transport Management ............... 602 Start conditions ........................................... 203, 320 add ......................................................................... 154 SWEINST .............................................................. 209
SAP Content Agent ............................................... 603 test .......................................................................... 206 container ............................................................. 134 SWEL ............................................................ 178, 192
SAP Event Mesh ..................................................... 562 Start event ............................................ 476, 563, 627 define standard ................................................. 131 SWELS .......................................................... 178, 282
SAP Fiori ......................................................... 376, 505 Status management ............................................. 185 definition ............................................................. 130 SWEQADM .......................................................... 302
SAP Fiori launchpad ................................... 297, 362 Steps ................................................................. 144, 478 description .......................................................... 135 SWETYPV ................................. 199, 301, 381, 477
dynamic tile ........................................................ 363 add .......................................................................... 155 settings ................................................................. 131 SWF_USER_ATTR ............................................. 365

684 685
Index

Transaction (Cont.) V
SWFVISU .................................................... 368, 499
SWFVMD1 ............................................................ 368 Value help ....................................................... 485, 486
SWI2_ADM1 ........................................................ 278 Virtual attributes ..................................................... 92
SWI2_DEAD ........................................................ 333 create ....................................................................... 95
SWI2_DIAG ............................................... 278, 501 definition ............................................................. 111
SWI2_DURA ........................................................ 333
SWI5 ....................................................................... 332 W
SWI6 ................................................................ 37, 269
SWIA ...................................................................... 273 Wait controls ........................................................... 594
SWNCONFIG ............................................. 253, 263 Web activities .......................................................... 144
SWO1 ........................... 78, 80, 105, 163, 232, 316 Web Dynpro applications .................................. 371
SWO3 ........................................................................ 89 WF chronicle ............................................................ 269
SWPR ..................................................................... 279 WF-BATCH ................................................................ 383
SWU_OBUF ......................................................... 282 Work centers ........................................................... 315
SWU3 ............................................. 56, 61, 132, 380 Work item text ....................................................... 131
SWUS ........................................................................ 36 Work items ............................................................... 287
VA01/VA02 ......................................................... 183 Workflow administrator ...................................... 46
WE19 ...................................................................... 323 Workflow Builder ................................. 34, 139, 140
WE20 ..................................................................... 315 information area .............................................. 140
WE42 ...................................................................... 326 navigation ........................................................... 141
Transport management ..................................... 602 step types ............................................................. 141
Transport workflow definitions ...................... 519 Workflow classes ......................................... 116, 463
Transporting extensions ................................... 515 Workflow containers ................................. 142, 405
Transports ................................................................... 42 Workflow Designer ............................................... 549
Trigger workflows ................................................. 658 Workflow developer ............................................... 45
Triggering events ........................................ 134, 150 Workflow events .................................................... 476
Triggers ........................................................... 574, 610 Workflow graphical area .................................... 141
Triggers app ................................................................ 45 Workflow logs ..................................... 268, 271, 406
Workflow object view .......................................... 271
U Workflow scenarios ................ 473, 475, 481, 490,
491, 493, 504
Universal worklist ......................................... 24, 368 Workflow start events ......................................... 476
Upgrades .................................................................. 378 Workflow steps ....................................................... 481
workflow testing ............................................... 380 Workflow tasks ....................................................... 478
workflow versions ............................................ 379 Workflow templates ............................................. 397
User authentication ............................................. 530 WS54300003 ...................................................... 427
User decision ....................................... 145, 478, 479 WS54300007, WS60800059, and
User interface (UI) ....................................... 359, 382 WS60800068 ................................................ 429
User master data migration ............................. 387 WS54400001 and WS54300005 ................. 424
User tasks ................................................................. 552 WS60800086 ........................................... 408, 423
User view .................................................................. 268 WS60800095 and WS72100006 ................ 423
WS75700027 ....................................................... 435
WS75700040 ...................................................... 433
Workflow wizard .................................................... 143

686
 First-hand knowledge.

The Authors
Sabyasachi Dutta, Nilay Ghosh, Kousik Goon, Sandip Jana, Arindam Mukher-
jee, Srinivas Rao, Yogeendar Rao, Yogesh Sane, Naveen Veshala, and Kiran
Viswanathan are a team of expert consultants, architects, and technical lea-
ders at IBM Consulting.

Dutta, Ghosh, Goon, Jana, Mukherjee, Rao, Rao, Sane, Veshala, Viswanathan

Workflow for SAP S/4HANA We hope you have enjoyed this reading sample. You may recommend or pass it on to
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