Assignment CS by ABRAR

ASSIGNMENT CS-305
Submitted By Muhammad Abrar

Submitted To Mr.Asfand
Department IT ( 1st Semester)
Assign Topic Motherboard & its components
UAF Sub Campus T.T.S
 Motherboard
The motherboard is the backbone that ties the computer's components together at
one spot and allows them to talk to each other. Without it, none of the computer
pieces, such as the CPU, GPU, or hard drive, could interact. Total motherboard
functionality is necessary for a computer to work well
 Motherboard Components
 CPU (Central Processing Unit) chip

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the primary component of a computer that
acts as its “control center.” The CPU, also referred to as the “central” or “main”
processor, is a complex set of electronic circuitry that runs the machine's operating
system and apps
 RAM (Random Access Memory) slots
A memory slot, memory socket, or RAM slot allows RAM (computer memory) to
be inserted into the computer. Most motherboards have two to four memory slots,
which determine the type of RAM used with the computer. The most common RAM
types are SDRAM and DDR for desktop computers
and SODIMM for laptop computers, each having various types and speeds. The
picture below is an example of what memory slots may look like inside a desktop
computer. In this picture, there are three open and available slots for three memory
sticks.
 CPU slot
A CPU socket uses a series of pins to connect a CPU’s processor to the

PC’s motherboard. If a CPU is connected via a CPU socket, it is not soldered and
can therefore be replaced. CPU sockets are more common with desktop gaming
PCs than they are on laptops.
When buying a motherboard, finding the best motherboard isn't just about making
sure it has the features you want. Step one is making sure the motherboard has the
right CPU socket (and a supported chipset) for your CPU model.
Even if you have the best CPU, it won't work with just any CPU socket. Intel has
different socket types for its mainstream CPUs versus its high-end desktop (HEDT)
ones, as does AMD.
 PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) slot
Peripheral Component Interconnect is a local computer bus for connecting hardware

to a computer. It supports all the functions of a processor bus. PCI is usually been
called Conventional PCI to distinguish it from its successor PCI Express (PCIe, PCI-e
or PCI-E).PCI Express is a high-speed serial computer expansion bus standard
designed to replace the older PCI, PCI-X and AGP bus standard. It is a general-use
motherboard interface for the graphics card, SSDs, hard drixxves, Wi-Fi as well as
Ethernet hardware connections.
 I/O port
Input/output ports are the connections between the CPU and peripheral devices on a
motherboard. There are two complementary methods to perform input and output
processes: memory-mapped I/O (MMIO) and port-mapped I/O (PMIO). Alternatively,
you can use dedicated I/O processors, called channels on mainframe computers,
which execute their own instructions
 AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) slot
AGP was designed as a high-speed point-to-point channel for connecting a video card
(graphics card) to a computer system. Primarily, it was used to assist in the
acceleration of 3D computer graphics. AGP is originally designed to be a descendant
of the PCI series of connections for video cards. Yet, it was replaced by the PCIe slots.
The AGP channel is 32-bits wide and runs at 66 MHz, which is a total bandwidth of
266 MBps and much greater than the PCI bandwidth (up to 133 MBps). AGP also
supports two optional faster modes, with a throughput of 533 MBps and 1.07 GBps. It
also allows 3-D textures to be stored in main memory rather than video memory.AGP
is available in three different versions, the original AGP version mentioned
above, AGP 2.0 that was introduced in May 1998, and AGP 3.0 (AGP 8x) that was
introduced in November 2000. AGP 2.0 added 4x signaling and was capable of
operating at 1.5V, and AGP 3.0 was capable of double the transfer speeds.
 ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) slot
ISA is the 16-bit internal bus of IMB PC/AT and similar computers that are based on
Intel 80286 and its immediate successors during the 1980s. It was backward
compatible with the 8-bit bus of the 8088-based IBM PC largely.There once was an
attempt to extend ISA into a 32-bit bus, called Extended Industry Standard
Architecture (EISA). The attempt wasn’t very successful and the EISA was largely
replaced by the later VESA Local Bus and the PCI bus.
 Parallel port
A parallel port is a kind of interface for attaching peripherals on desktops. The name
of this kind of port is derived from the way the data is sent. That is, the parallel ports
send multiple bits of data at the same time. Serial interfaces, on the contrary, send bits
one data at once. To achieve parallel data transfer, there are multiple data lines in the
parallel port cables. The parallel port cable is larger than the cable of a contemporary
serial port, which only has one data line within.
 FDC (Floppy-Disk Controller)
FDC is a special-purpose chip and associated disk controller circuitry. It controls and
directs reading from and writing to a computer’s floppy disk drive (FDD).
 IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) controller
The devices used for connecting IDE, Ethernet, FireWire, USB and other systems can
be called host adapter. So, the IDE controller refers to the host adapter. A host adapter,
also called a host controller or a host bus adapter (HBA), connects a computer (acting
as the host system) to other network and storage devices.
 CMOS (Complementary Metal-oxide-semiconductor)
CMOS battery, also called memory battery, clock battery or real-time clock (RTC), is
generally a CR2032 lithium coin cell. The lifespan of the CMOS battery is estimated
to be three years when the power supply unit (PSU) is unplugged or switch off.
 Power supply connector
A power supply provides the necessary electrical power to let the computer to work. It
takes standard 110-Volt AC (Alternative Current) power to DC (Direct Current)
power of 12 Volt, 5 Volt, 3.3 Volt, etc.
 DIP (Dual In-line Package) switch
A DIP switch is a manual electric switch packaged with others in a standard dual in-
line package. The term may refer to an individual switch or the whole unit. The DIP
switch is designed to be used on a printed circuit board (motherboard) together with
other electronic motherboard components. It is usually used to customize the
behavior of an electronic device for specific situations.
 Jumper
A jumper is a short length of conductor that is used to close, open or bypass part of an
electronic circuit. Typically, jumpers are used to set up or configure printed circuit
boards like the motherboard.
 Heat sink/heatsink (cooling system)
A heat sink is a passive heat exchanger that transfers the heat generated by parts
of motherboard into a fluid medium like liquid or air. The fluid medium will
dissipate away from the device. Thus, the temperature of the device is kept
within a tolerable range. On the motherboard, the heatsink is usually used to
cool CPU, GPU (graphics processing unit), chipsets and RAM modules.

Assignment CS by ABRAR

Uploaded by

Assignment CS by ABRAR

Uploaded by

ASSIGNMENT CS-305

Submitted By Muhammad Abrar

 CPU (Central Processing Unit) chip

A CPU socket uses a series of pins to connect a CPU’s processor to the

Peripheral Component Interconnect is a local computer bus for connecting hardware

 AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) slot

 ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) slot

 FDC (Floppy-Disk Controller)

 DIP (Dual In-line Package) switch

 Heat sink/heatsink (cooling system)

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