Lab 2

Electronics Engineering Lab
Lab Report 2
4th SEMESTER
Lab Instructor: Sir Khayam Ahmed
Session: ME-14 Section: B Group No:1
Submitted by
Name CMS
Zain Ahmed 428451
Sher Nawaz 411357
Zahid Hussain 409003
Zubaid Ahmed 405056
Nauman Kashif 407964
Saqlain Abbas 406458
School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

Comparison of different temperature sensing devices
➢ Objective:
This experiment aims to compare the accuracy and operation of various temperature sensing
devices: mercury thermometer, alcohol thermometer, bimetallic thermometer, vapor
pressure thermometer, thermocouple, and resistance temperature detector (RTD).
➢ Apparatus:
• Mercury thermometer
• Alcohol thermometer
• Bimetallic thermometer
• Vapor pressure thermometer
• Thermocouple (K type) Thermistor Mercuric thermometer
• Resistance temperature dependent (RTD)
• Thermistor
Bimetallic thermometer
Vapor pressure thermometer
Thermocouple
➢ Theory:
There are many temperature devices that are used to measure temperature, but the
important thing is to know about how these devices measure temperature. What is the
principle of their work.
Temperature sensing devices operate based on various physical principles. These principles
can be summarized as follows:
Thermal Expansion: Liquids (mercury, alcohol) and bimetallic strips expand at different rates
with temperature changes. This change in physical dimension is used to indicate temperature.
Vapor Pressure: As temperature increases, the vapor pressure of a contained liquid increases.
This pressure change is measured to determine temperature. The vapor pressure
thermometer is based on this principle.
See beck Effect: When two dissimilar metals are joined and a temperature difference exists
between their ends, a voltage is generated proportional to the temperature difference.
Thermocouple (K type) is based on this principle.
Resistance Temperature Dependence: The electrical resistance of specific materials (like
platinum) changes predictably with temperature. This change in resistance is measured to
determine temperature. The thermistor and some resistance dependent temperature sensor
such as LM35 are also based on such principle.
➢ Methodology:
1. Turn the main switch of the temperature measurement bench on.

2. Let all the sensors stay at ambient conditions for a while and note down the readings.
3. After this dip all devices in cold water and note down its temperature.
4. Now boil some water in a kettle and dip the sensing element of each device in the boiling
water and note down its temperature as well.
5. Compare readings by different temperature.
➢ Experimental data/Observation:
Sensing Device Temperature

Room (oC) Cold water (oC) Boiling Water (oC)
Resistance Temperature 19 17 97.3
Detector (RTD)
Thermistor 19 17.2 97.2
Thermocouple 18.4 14.3 100.4
Mercury Thermometer 22 18.5 100
Alcoholic Thermometer 23 16 102
Bimetallic 24 20.3 100
Thermometer
Vapor Press. 23.5 19.3 98.5
Thermometer
Discussion of results:
Temperature of cold water, hot water and atmosphere is measured using different devices and
each device show temperature with some error because of some factors that effect their
temperature measuring capabilities. It's important to consider the inherent accuracy
limitations of each device. Mercury and alcohol thermometers are generally less accurate than
RTDs or thermocouples. Bimetallic thermometers and vapor pressure thermometers may also
have lower inherent accuracy. Thermistors, while offering high sensitivity and fast response
times, often have lower accuracy compared to RTDs.
Factors affecting the observed deviations could include:
Inherent accuracy of each device as mentioned above.
Response times: Some devices may take longer to reach thermal equilibrium, leading to
potential discrepancies during readings.
Resolution: Some devices might have lower resolution, meaning they may not be able to
detect smaller temperature changes as precisely.
Environmental factors: Ambient temperature fluctuations or improper immersion of the
sensor could introduce errors.
➢ Conclusion:
In this experiment temperature is measured using different devices. Based on the
observations and analysis, discuss which device generally exhibited the highest accuracy and
which factors might influence the choice of a specific sensor for different applications.
Consider mentioning the trade-offs between factors like accuracy, response time, operating
range, and cost when selecting a temperature sensor.

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Electronics Engineering Lab

Lab Instructor: Sir Khayam Ahmed

Session: ME-14 Section: B Group No:1

School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

1. Turn the main switch of the temperature measurement bench on.

Sensing Device Temperature

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