1revised Essay
1revised Essay
1revised Essay
Carolina Ortegon
Oscar E. Martinez II
ENGL 1302-217
17 April, 2024
Yousfi, Ouidad; Loukil, Nadia; Béji, Rania. “Powerful CEOs and CSR performance: Empirical
evidence from France.” Management International; Montréal Vol. 26, Iss. 6, (2022): 213-
Ouidad Yousfi, Nadia Loukil, and Rania Béji’s thesis statement argues how the
connections between businesses, their environment, and their perpetual evolution have
changed leaders’ interests, precisely their qualities. The article’s purpose is to evaluate the
characteristics of CEOs and how they impact the company’s performance. To support their
thesis, the authors divided the article into sections evaluating the CEO traits and showing
evidence to reinforce their claim. The author’s preferred way of showing evidence is by
quoting other scholars who have researched the same topic related to the business industry
and providing the readers with data shown as graphs and tables with information that helps
reinforce their claims. An example of this would be, “The CEOs’ power and influence do
not stem only from their formal position, ownership, expertise, and prestige (Faccio et al.,
2016; Farag and Mallin, 2016; Bach and Smith, 2007), they could be closely related to
(Hambrick and Mason, 1984)” (214). By doing so, the authors aimed to provide external
information related to their claim, helping enhance the quality and level of clarity of their
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text. This article analyzes the behavior of CEOs and the work environment they create to
influence investors, employees, and so on. The article also emphasizes how much power a
CEO and top executives hold in terms of having a voice in corporate decisions involving
capital and the company’s reputation. They also make different claims, for example, that
“Empirical studies show that CEOs who graduated in human and social sciences do have
the skills to get involved in CSR activities, and this increases social performance (Velte,
2019; Manner, 2010)” (217). This argument means that CEOs with college degrees have a
more significant and positive impact on business performance in every aspect, such as
social responsibility, because being more educated makes people even more capable of
dealing with important decisions, such as leading a business and caring for the consumers
and employees as well as the environment. The usefulness of this article is to help me
understand how the power of a CEO can have a long-term impact on the company and the
people in it, such as investors, employees, and even consumers, as well as how their
different physical and emotional characteristics can contribute to this impact. This source
fits into my research because it will allow me to have a more extensive knowledge of the
business industry in terms of studying the CEO’s capabilities to be able to create a claim
Cédric Durand & Wiliiam Milberg (2020) “Intellectual monopoly in global value chains.” Review
of International Political Economy, 27:2, 404-429. Taylor & Francis Online. DOI:
10.1080/09692290.2019.1660703.
Cédric Durand and William Milberg’s thesis statement argues that the purpose of their
article is to evaluate how the role of intangible assets works in global value chains. The
author’s purpose is to explain the process by which big companies can increase their
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marketing power in production by using intangible capital assets instead of tangible capital
assets. The method used to provide valid evidence is to quote from authentic sources such
support the article’s claims, the authors use quotes from other articles and books that help
them reinforce their claims by showing important data and by using graphs to represent in
a more detailed way the data being analyzed and explained so the reader can have a better
understanding and see how trustworthy the data is. Furthermore, Cédric Durand and
William Milberg explain how intangibles and monopolization work nowadays; they call it
the digital age and they explain that “case studies have observed that the capture of value
added is largely detached from the flow of physical goods and mainly related to intangible
Rouvinen, Sepp€al€a, & Yl€a-Anttila, 2011; Dedrick & Kraemer, 2017)” (405). This
argument means that a big part of the market flow comes from what they call intellectual
property and how technology has improved this form of business so much more than
tangible products have. They also make different claims, for example, that it is challenging
to integrate labor and business processes that are dispersed across numerous legal systems
given the fact that “geographical distance added complexity to these coordination
requirements because remote communication and interventions are more complex and
prone to misunderstanding than collocated interaction” (Ramioul & Van Hootegem, 2015,
p. 108)” (408). This argument means that for processes across different locations in the
same company to be seamless, they must be supervised and coordinated correctly. This
process can be challenging because even if technology makes it easier for organization,
communication, and production, all of this is something not physically possible to take
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control of, and it is very easy for it to take a wrong turn if there is any misunderstanding.
The usefulness of this article for me is that it helps me understand how important intangible
assets are. Some examples of intangible assets are trademarks, franchises, and copyrights.
They are ideas that hold value, like a brand name. So, by understanding how intangible
assets contribute to the business world, I can make a better claim by being well-educated
in the business industry. The knowledge I get from this source is that intangible assets are
just as important as tangible assets like work equipment and capital, so I will use this article
1, pp. 36-43, March 2012 ISSN 1804-171X (Print), ISSN 1804-1728 (On-line). ProQuest.
DOI: 10.7441/joc.2012.01.03.
Škapa Stanislaw’s thesis argues that natural monopoly businesses cause several issues with
economic performance that not only employees and executives realize but customers too,
causing bigger consequences to the market. The article aims to explore how private
investors invest in natural monopoly companies and answer the question, “What brings the
investment into the natural monopoly company to investors?” (36). To support this, the
author uses a few methods, such as references and quotes from articles published by
universities and official sites that were written by other scholars in the same area of interest.
By doing this, the author hopes to not only support his claim but to prove the authenticity
of his sources. First, to understand the author’s claim, it is essential to know what a natural
monopoly is. The author does an excellent job of providing some examples, such as “…it
is possible to identify companies as natural monopolies mainly from these sectors: Oil &
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Gas Storage, Electric Utilities, Gas Utilities, Water Utilities, Power Producers, Airports,
Highways & Railways (Toll roads), Marine Ports & Services, Telecommunication” (37).
This is easily understood from a general point of view; it is logical to understand that these
types of businesses have a huge demand and are very important worldwide because they
are daily necessities such as water, transportation necessities such as gasoline, and work
necessities such as electronics. As a result, they may have high prices, inefficient
production processes, expensive facility duplication, and subpar service, all of which could
explains that “according to the Guide of the index, The NMX30 Infrastructure Global
provides liquid and tradable exposure to 30 companies around the world that provide basic
infrastructure facilities. These companies are natural monopolies with predictable and
stable cash flows due to the underlying business model (long duration of concessions,
goods and services provided, etc.)” (37). This argument means that it is easier for some
investors to choose to invest in companies with more protected market positions due to
their cost structure and high demand. The usefulness of this article is to be able to
understand that not only does a company depend on the gained profit, but they also need
investors to help them reach specific goals and make deals to do business together; how
does that happen, and some of the reasons that convince investors if a company is worth
the money or not, such as the business market power. Understanding this information is
important to me to know how to make an argument about the business industry correctly.
This source fits into my research because it helps me understand how much a company
general about how the business industry works outside the company and from a more
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public point of view that I need to be educated enough and make a claim for my future
research paper.
Johnson, Justin P., and David P. Myatt. “Multiproduct Quality Competition: Fighting Brands and
Product Line Pruning.” The American Economic Review, vol. 93, no. 3, 2003, pp. 748–74.
JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3132115.
Johnson, Justin P., and David P. Myatt’s thesis statement is that firms sell multiple products
with different levels of quality, which frequently creates an altered outcome on their
product lines when a competitor enters the market. The article aims to clarify common
tactics such as “damaged goods” and “fighting brands” along with other issues like
intertemporal price discrimination and product line pruning. The authors provide a data
model that includes upgrades and strategies used by large corporations to conduct practical
analytical work and succeed in their fields of expertise to reinforce their claims. They also
provide other types of evidence, such as quotes and comments from trustworthy sources.
Johnson, Justin P., and David P. Myatt argue that “…fighting brands are extremely
widespread. For instance, AT&T launched Lucky Dog Telephone to help compete against
lower-priced “dial around” phone carriers. Brian Adamik of Yankee Group commented,
‘They have introduced a fighting brand in the market that goes after price-sensitive
consumers while allowing AT&T to be their premier brand in the market…’” (748). This
argument helps the readers understand that sometimes when the competition between
brands is challenging, some brands opt to release lower-quality products to catch the
consumer’s attention and win them over the brands with higher-cost products. This strategy
is shared within the business industry, as well as the one called pruning, which is explained
by the author’s writing, “incumbent firms often adjust their product lines in response to
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competition. Sometimes they remove products from the market, thereby “pruning” their
product lines. This was one response of Procter & Gamble to private-label brands in the
product line, often to include a lower-quality good called a ‘fighting brand’” (748). This
argument means that when the product’s shelf-life ends, some companies take the initiative
to either remove the product or to improve it depending on the competition and consumer
consumption. The usefulness of this article is for me to understand how competition plays
a big part when it comes to monopolies and capitalism. Every company needs a healthy
form of competition; that’s how capitalism should work in the business industry, but most
of the time, companies get too big, and there’s a disbalance, so this article will help me
understand how competition works and other aspects related to businesses. This fits into
my research because it gives me a different perspective on how the business industry works
Martin Hellwig. “Capitalism: what has gone wrong?’: Who went wrong? Capitalism? The market
Volume 37, Issue 4, Winter 2021, Pages 664– 677. Oxford Academic.
https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grab036.
Martin Hellwig’s thesis argues that something is wrong with capitalism and the economic
systems being implemented worldwide and claims that capitalism has power in the
economic and political areas by being a crucial aspect of competition. The article’s purpose
is to make an observation that in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Europe,
widespread discontent has become an important political force. To support this claim, the
author provides a great amount of information, such as references from other articles and
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books of trustworthy sources, such as universities and official sites that were written by
other scholars in the same area of interest. By doing this, he proves the authenticity of his
sources and makes it easier for his audience to believe and understand what they’re reading.
This whole article is an analysis of the different aspects that have caused discontent in
several nations. According to Martin Hellwig, there is a conflict between capitalism and
the market economy because capitalism entails the pursuit of wealth and political and
economic power, as well as the repression of competition. This is supported by the views
of French historian Fernand Braudel (665). The author also argues that “most accounts of
‘capitalism’ in the continental European sense of the word focus on exploitation and class
caused by adverse developments outside of their control…the observation that, for some
other people, the past few decades have provided extraordinary opportunities for personal
enrichment…the perception that political processes have been distorted so that the
concerns of ordinary people have been shoved aside” (666). This argument explains how
the power of the economic systems impacts society on a daily basis and at different levels.
Normal people, such as workers, are the ones suffering the most from it. In a capitalist
system, for it to work, there have to be different types of levels, such as workers,
consumers, and the ones in charge. That is why different types of classes exist, such as the
working class, the middle class, and the upper class. The government is responsible for
maintaining a balance between them; that is why sometimes they can control what the big
businesses do in order to protect the nation and keep the capital systems working correctly.
Indeed, this does not always happen, and that is why there is a lot of unhappiness between
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the working class and the middle class. That is the reason this article analyzes what went
wrong. Finally, the usefulness this article will provide is by being a well-explained analysis
of how failing to manage businesses can have big consequences, such as being on bad
terms with whole nations and people. This fits into my research because it will allow me
to have a wider knowledge of the business industry and how capitalism plays a big part in
it.
Martínez, Pucheta, M. C., & Gallego-Álvarez, I. (2023). “Firm innovation as a business strategy
of CEO power: Does national culture matter?.” Business Strategy and the Environment, 1–
influence of the chief executive officer’s power on innovation. The article’s purpose is to
increase the evidence supporting the idea that innovation as a business strategy is impacted
by CEO power and to discuss the moderating function that national culture plays in the
connection between innovation and CEO power. To reinforce their claims, the authors
based their research on the Thomson Reuters database as the primary source of
information. The Thomson Reuters database is designed with the strategist, economist, and
research communities in mind. This database aims to provide the most extensive historical
financial database with time-series content available worldwide. On the other hand, the
authors also used another method to provide evidence, such as using an estimator that
enables the researcher to account for unforeseen estimation errors. To understand the
author’s claim, it is important to know why the chief executive officer position in a
importance is due to the fact that CEOs must marshal their firm to generate wealth and
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maximize future stakeholder opportunities” (1). This argument means that for a company
to reach its full potential in performance, there must be a leader, which in this case is the
CEO, who effectively controls and executes difficult decisions, making him responsible
for the company’s success. In addition, the authors claim that “…CEOs often have power
over members of the board, thanks to structural and socio-psychological mechanisms with
al.,2015)” (2). This statement helps the readers understand that reaching the CEO level can
strategies, and knowing how to control their partners, etc. This information also emphasizes
that the position of CEO usually exists because of the system’s structure, for example,
being chosen by the board or from family heritage. The usefulness this article will provide
for me is allowing me to understand the positive impact that a CEO can have on a company;
this is important because my research is about the business industry, so learning how a
CEO should act to have a successful outcome would be beneficial for the research paper.
This also fits into my research because it will allow me to have a more comprehensive
Lee, J.Y., Ha, Y.J., Wei, Y. and Sarala, R.M. (2023) “CEO Narcissism and Global Performance
Taking and Business Group Affiliation.” British Journal of Management, Vol. 34, 512–
Lee, J.Y., Ha, Y.J., Wei, Y. and Sarala, R. M’s thesis statement is an evaluation of the
To support their claims, the authors test a mediation model on data from 149 South Korean
multinational enterprises from 2006 to 2016 (512). The author also used a few other
methods, such as references and quotes from articles published by universities and official
sites that other scholars wrote in the same area of interest. Lee, J.Y., Ha, Y.J., Wei, Y. and
Sarala, R.M explain what narcissism in a CEO is by first explaining the two types of
narcissism, for example, “grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism – have common
and fragile self-esteem, but has hidden feeling of grandiosity” (513). This statement
provides readers with a well-explained definition of the two types of characteristics a CEO
can have. Having a narcissistic CEO can impact the company’s performance by affecting
the board members, employees, and other important positions like the company’s
management department, which responds to the CEO. Being in the CEO position
automatically grants the person almost unlimited power and influence that, if not regulated,
can grow to potentially affect the company, and have bad consequences, such as
disagreements and bad business negotiations. Having a narcissistic CEO is sometimes very
common; even if a person has not reached the CEO position, they start acting in a
narcissistic manner; for example, in a lot of cases, managers abuse power over employees
at a minimum salary level. The feeling of power, entitlement, and superiority is familiar
among high-ranked-level jobs; it could be related to money, social status, etc. The
usefulness of this article is that it helps me understand what could happen when CEOs get
too powerful and fail to manage their companies properly, affecting global performance.
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This source fits into my research by adding more knowledge and widening my point of
view of the business industry and the relationship between CEOs and employees.
Katja Seim and Joel Waldfogel. “Public Monopoly and Economic Efficiency: Evidence from the
Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board's Entry Decisions.” The American Economic Review
Vol. 103, No. 2 (APRIL 2013), pp. 831-862 (32 pages). JSTOR.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/23469684.
Katja Seim and Joel Waldfogel’s thesis statement is the analysis of a spatial model of
product demand to evaluate the impact of retailing controlled by the government. The
article’s purpose is also to explain that the best way to justify the current government
system is to combine profit sharing with profit maximization. To support this claim, the
author uses examples and very limited evidence showing how the government is biased in
terms of influencing the market. The authors also use quotes from other articles and books
from trustworthy sources that help them reinforce their claims. Katja Seim and Joel
Waldfogel argue that “private action can result in an insufficient entry when benefits cover
costs, but revenue does not, and private entry can lead to excessive entry when revenue
covers the cost of an additional outlet even though the incremental social benefit does not”
(831). This argument aims to explain how “private action” in this case the government
interference is needed when a company’s revenue is not enough to keep providing the same
product and services at the same price due to not gaining enough profit to continue at float.
regulate big businesses or provide support to small businesses. This article aims to provide
evidence for the excessive government intervention to benefit itself. The usefulness of this
article is very important to me because I honestly think the government has a lot of say in
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everything good or bad that happens in the world, so understanding how the government
impacts the big industries can be essential in the future for my research paper and to have
Ze Yea, Abbas Hassana, Hussain Talibb, Jiao Hea. “Analyzing the Differentiation Strategies Of
34481803025Z.
Ze Yea, Abbas Hassana, Hussain Talibb, and Jiao Hea’s thesis statement is to analyze the
competition strategies of the two big companies in Pakistan. The article’s purpose is to
examine the differentiating tactics employed by Pakistani businesses in their rivalry with
one another, with particular emphasis on Unilever Pakistan and Engro Corporation. To
support this, the authors provide the data from two competing companies in the ice cream
sector that were evaluated. They conducted a survey and tested it on 100 consumers, asking
what they preferred, and a lot of them chose things like quality over price, taste, etc. This
process allows the researchers to have different perspectives that help them support a
hypothesis of their own and create a backed-up claim. Ze Yea, Abbas Hassana, Hussain
Talibb, and Jiao Hea argue that “…differentiation plays a vital role in the business
determine the need of differentiation and how the companies compete to create
companies use different marketing strategies, such as releasing products that fulfill
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consumer wants and needs. This process allows companies to fight other brands in the
market and hopefully win in terms of competition and getting public consumption. This
article also explains how consumers, by recognition, choose to buy from a specific brand,
so brands aim to create this reputation and build future consumer loyalty. The usefulness
of this source is that it helps me understand how brands work; a lot of consumers choose
quality just by looking at the brand and good history, so that is why it is important to
Helen Wei Hu, Lin Cui and Preet S Aulakh. “State capitalism and performance persistence of business
group-affiliated firms.” Journal of International Business Studies Vol. 50, No. 2 (March 2019),
Helen Wei Hu, Lin Cui, and Preet S Aulakh’s thesis statement argues that different countries
have different institutional environment components, such as how the state views organizations
and the political environment in which these interactions take place. These differences have an
impact on how business groups allocate their resources and how long their affiliated firms’
superior performance lasts. To support this, the authors provide a hypothesis backed up by other
trustworthy sources, methods, and useful data in the form of graphs. The authors also show
evidence by quoting other scholars who have researched the same topic related to the business
industry and providing the readers with data shown as graphs and tables with information that
helps reinforce their claims. Helen Wei Hu, Lin Cui, and Preet S Aulakh argue that “varying
power dependency between organizations and institutions can lead to different organizational
neo-institutional theorists to more self-serving strategies reflecting active agency” (194). This
argument means that it is common for companies to choose business strategies in which they
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benefit. In a capitalistic system, businesses always try to grow and conquer everything they can.
The business industry is a harsh industry that is always looking for ways to innovate and win
over every other business, so this article aims to analyze how capitalism and business behave
together and what the different strategies big companies use to become monopolies. The authors
also claim that “political economists have highlighted the varying role of the state in the
economic governance of countries. States can vary in their overarching postures toward national
nature” (195). This statement means that politics plays a big role in the business industry and
how it works. An example of this, as mentioned before, is that the government usually has a
right to intervene in businesses if needed, which makes the business industry a very complex
industry that has worldwide impacts. The usefulness of this article is that it helps me understand
the strategies that big companies use, how they incorporate them, the results, and the role of
me because it will help me be more educated on the topic to create my research paper.