PSP Manual 03

Power System Protection Lab.
Manual
Handout no. 3
Name AWAIS AFZAL

Reg. No 2015-EE-531
Marks/Grade
EXPERIMENT # 3
Modeling of Definite Time Over-Current Relay
Objective:
At the end of this lab session students will be able to

 Understand the working of “Definite Time Over-Current Relay”.
 Implement “Definite Time Over-Current Relay” by using Matlab Simulink Libraries.
 Set the “Time Setting” of Definite Time Over-Current Relay.
 Use DTOC in power system for the protection.
 Differentiate between simple “OC Relay” and “DTOC Relay”.
Introduction:
DTOC is an over current relay that waits for a definite amount of time after the
occurrence of the fault before it generates a trip signal. It is very important for the property of
“Selectivity” of the protection system.
Laboratory Task:
Implement definite time over current relay in Matlab Simulink that protects the system in
short circuit faults. After sensing the fault, the relay should wait for a definite interval of time
before generating the trip signal to circuit breaker carrying the fault current. If the fault clears
before the specified time interval, the relay should not generate the trip signal.
Example: If the relay is set to wait for 3 cycles after the occurrence of the fault and the fault is
cleared in two cycles, the relay should not operate.
Procedure:
Step 1: Draw a simple power system having a three phase source, 3-φ breaker, three phase VI
measurement unit, 3-φ RLC series load and block of three phase fault to implement different
types of fault in system. Connect the blocks as shown in the figure.
Page 1
Power System Protection Lab. Manual
Note: In this model the block “DTOC Relay” is a subsystem that contains the components and
logic implementation of the definite time over current relay.
Set the properties of each block as mentioned below. Keep all other parameters as it is.
Total Simulation Time: 0.5 s

Solver: Ode23tb (stiff/TR-BDF2)
Note: To select the solver go to menu bar > Simulation > Configuration Parameters OR press
(Ctrl + E) and select the solver. Also set following solver options.
Relative tolerance: 1e-3 (default)

Solver reset Method: Robust
System Frequency: 50 Hz
See "Improving Simulation Performance" chapter in SimPowerSystems documentation for

additional information on how to select an appropriate integration method.
Three phase source:

Voltage (Phase to Phase): 11e3 V
Internal connection: Y grounded
Specify impedance using short-circuit level: Select this option
3 phase short circuit level: 500e6 VA
Base voltage: 11e3 V
Three-Phase Breaker:
Initial status of breakers: closed
Enable switching of all Phases
Breakers resistance Ron: 0.001
Snubbers resistance Rp: 1e6
Snubbers capacitance Cp: inf
Page 2
Three-Phase Series RLC Load:

Configuration: Y grounded
Nominal voltage: 11e3 V
Active Power (MW): 200e6 W
Inductive reactive power: 100 VAR
Capacitive reactive Power: 0 VAR
Three Phase Fault:

Ground fault: Select this option
External control of fault timing: Select this option
Initial status of fault: [0 0 0]
Timer (Fault Control):
This block has been used to control the fault timings. It is available in Simpower-
System>>Extra Library >> Control Blocks.
The Timer block generates a signal changing at specified transition times. Use this block
to generate a logical signal (0 or 1 amplitudes) and control the occurrence and duration of fault.
You can also use this block to generate a signal whose amplitude changes by steps at specified
transition times.
Time(s):
The transition times, in seconds, when the output of the block changes its value as defined by the
Amplitude parameter. The Time(s) parameter must be a vector of the same length as the vector
defined in the Amplitude parameter. The definition of the time 0 is optional. If a signal is not
specified at time 0, the output is kept at zero until the first transition time specified in the Time
vector occurs.
Amplitude:
This is a vector of signal amplitudes to be generated by the Timer block. The amplitude is kept
constant between transitions times defined in the Time(s) vector.
Set the Timer block parameters as given below.
Page 3
Time: [0 0.16 0.2 0.3 0.45]

Amplitude: [0 1 0 1 0]
Step 2:
Run the system in normal condition. This can be done by setting the amplitude of “Fault
Control Timer” to zero to deactivate the fault or by disconnecting the fault block from the system.
Measure the RMS value of the load current which is rated current of the system.
Set the “current setting” of the relay. This will be 1.4 times of the RMS value of the rated
load current. (As in lab session 1)
Note: In this case the C.B trip signal should not be generated instantaneously after the
occurrence of the fault; rather the relay should wait for a predefined amount of time before
generating the trip signal.
Step 3:
Now implement DTOC in the subsystem. Connect blocks as shown in the figure.
A counter has been connected between Relational Operators. The counter block is
available in the Signal Processing Block set >> Signal Management >> Switches & Counters.
Set theparameters of counter block as given below.
Count Direction: Up
Count Event: Free running
Count Size: User defined
Max. Count: 1e6
Initial Count: 0
Output: Count
Sample Time: 0.001
Note: In Free running mode the counter starts counting from initial value and the count is
incremented until it is reset by logic 1 at the “Rst” input. In this particular case counter will start
the count from zero and it will be incremented after every 0.001 seconds. Counting speed of
counter is determined by its sample time.
Page 4
This counter has been used to introduce delay in trip signal. The counter is activated on
the occurrence of the fault and its output is compared with (time setting) * 1000. When the output
of counter becomes greater than the “time setting” * 1000, relay gives a trip signal to the breaker.
Now complete the implementation of DTOC by setting proper relational operators, the
value of constant, initial condition of S-R Flip-Flop and proper output data-type of blocks.
Note: In case of a sample time mismatch error in “Counter” block. Change the sample time of
relational operators, connected before and after the “Counter” blocks. Set the sample time of
relational operators equal to the sample time of “Counter”.
Step 4:
Set the “time setting” of the relay in such a way that relay should give a trip signal to the
breaker if fault persist more than three cycles of current. This time can be calculated by the
knowledge of system frequency.
The time values of the Timer (Fault control) have been set in such a way that there will be
two faults in the system.
Fault-One: That persists for a time less than three cycles of current. The relay should not operate
for this fault.
Fault-Two: That persists for a time greater than 3 cycles of current. The relay should generate a
trip signal for this fault.
Check the output of definite time over current relay in following fault conditions.
4) Single Line to Ground fault

5) Double Line to Ground fault
6) 3-φ Grounded fault
Page 5
SIMULATION ON SIMULINK
Circuit Diagram
Over Current Relay
1) Single Line to Ground fault
Page 6
2) Double Line to Ground fault
Current Waveforms
3) 3-φ Grounded fault
Page 7
Voltage Waveforms
Current Waveforms
CONCLUSION
By performing this lab, I am able
 To draw circuit of Definite Time Over-Current Relay on SIMULINK

 To draw the voltage and current waveforms of Definite Time Over-Current Relay on
SIMULINK
 Uses of Definite Time Over-Current Relay
 To set time setting and pick up current setting of Definite Time Over-Current Relay
Page 8

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Power System Protection Lab.

Name AWAIS AFZAL

Modeling of Definite Time Over-Current Relay

At the end of this lab session students will be able to

Total Simulation Time: 0.5 s

Relative tolerance: 1e-3 (default)

See "Improving Simulation Performance" chapter in SimPowerSystems documentation for

Three phase source:

Three-Phase Series RLC Load:

Three Phase Fault:

Timer (Fault Control):

Set the Timer block parameters as given below.

Time: [0 0.16 0.2 0.3 0.45]

4) Single Line to Ground fault

Over Current Relay

1) Single Line to Ground fault

2) Double Line to Ground fault

3) 3-φ Grounded fault

 To draw circuit of Definite Time Over-Current Relay on SIMULINK

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