Unit 9

This document contains an English lesson about space exploration with various exercises including matching terms to definitions, answering questions about passages, and reporting statements. It discusses key figures in space exploration like Neil Armstrong, Yuri Gagarin, and the first Mongolian in space. Students are asked to write a biography of Neil Armstrong based on clues provided and have a conversation with a partner about topics related to space.

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Unit 9

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Unit 9

2a. Match the words to their

meanings.
1. trade route a. a journey undertaken by a group of people with a
particular purpose
2. navigator b. an attempt to achieve a goal
3. expedition c. a person who explores by sea
4. circumnavigate d. a disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin C
5. scurvy e. sail or travel all the way around
6. endeavours f. a long-distance route along which commercial goods
are transported

3а. Read the text and choose the best title.

1. Great expedition of Vasco da Gama

2. Biography of Vasco da Gama

We live in a great time for travel. In history it hasn't been easier to reach near and
far-flung places.
But, of course, the world hasn't always been so accessible, so navigable
For every trail that exists today there was once an intrepid explorer who first blazed it.

6. Match the words to their explanations.

1. apprenticeship. a. the part of a country's armed forces that is trained to operate at
sea
2. navy. b. a small flying insect that bites people and animals and sucks
their blood
3. mosquitoes. c. formed in the sea by groups of particular types of small animal
4. coral. d. a person who works for another in order to learn a trade
5. passage. e. a person whose job is to buy and sell products in large amounts
6. merchant. f. a narrow way to connect something huge

9b. . Read a magazine article and answer. Why is the route named Silk Road?
Silk Road is one of the greatest trading routes in human history, and showcased the goods,
cultures, and technologies from the far reaches of China through the cities and empires of
Central and West Asia. Historically, the Silk Road was not one but many routes that connected
east and south Asia to Europe, so named because the largest commodity traded down the
route was Chinese silk.
So, how did it all start? Zhang Qian was the pioneer of the Silk Road who opened up this
ancient trade road during the Han Dynasty.
From 139 BC to 119 BC, he went to the Western Regions twice and brought back an immense
amount of information about the Central Asia and West Asia. The Silk Road marked the
beginning of a new era with an extensive exchange of culture, economy and religion between
China and the West.
The main travellers of the Silk Road were merchants who organised various
caravans to cross the Gobi Desert. Overcoming all kinds of hardships, they transported goods
for sale between China and the West to gain great profit. From nobles to beggars and
prisoners, all kinds of people once had gone to their destinations by this world-famous Silk
Road.
When it comes to Silk Road, without any doubt, we must mention one of the most famous
travellers, Marco Polo. He was born in Venice, Italy in 1254 and he travelled on Silk Road with
his merchant father and uncle when he was 17. Along the way, he visited many great cities
and saw many sites including the holy city of Jerusalem, Persia and the Gobi Desert.
He later wrote, 'I met a lot of different types of people and had many adventures.' According to
his account, he spent over a decade by Khubilai Khan. He told many fascinating stories about
far-off places to Khubilai Khan. During the time when the Mongols ruled, merchants had higher
social status. During other dynasties merchants were considered lowly and looked down on as
parasites on the economy. He also travelled throughout China as a messenger for Khubilai
Khan. Different cultures, foods, cities, and peoples had been introduced to him before he
returned home. After he returned home, he wrote his famous book 'The Travels of Marco Polo'.
In his book, he wrote, 'I have seen many places and things that no one from Europe had ever
seen before'. He also said, 'I was fascinated by the wealth and luxury of the Chinese cities and
of Khubilai Khan's court. It was nothing like I have experienced in Europe'. It had been
translated into multiple languages and read throughout Europe within a few years. The
influence of Marco Polo on European knowledge of the East was immense.
Even Christopher Columbus was only one of those inspired by his account and began his own
great expeditions
.

9c. Read again and choose the best answer.

1. Who first discovered this Road?
a. Marco Polo b. Zhang Qian. c. Khubilai Khan
2. Why did people travel on Silk Road?
a. to do trade. b. to make war. c. to meet Mongol khans
3. How were merchants considered during the reign of Mongol Empire?
a. they were considered lowly. b. they were considered highly
c. they all had equal rights as other citizens
4. How do we know about the adventures and travels of Marco Polo?
a. From a movie 'Marco Polo'
b..From a book 'Secret History of Mongolia'
c.From a book written by him
5. What is Marco Polo known for?
a.Lled the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe
b.travelling to China and Far East
c.First European to sail from Europe to India
6. How is Christopher Columbus related to the story of Silk Road?
a.They travelled together on Silk Road
b.He had travelled on Silk Road before Marco Polo.
c.He was inspired by Polo's travel on Silk Road.
16. Look at the pictures and match the sentences.

a.Jugderdemidiin Gurragchaa was the first Mongolian and the second Asian in space,
was born on December 5, 1947.
b.When Neil Armstrong travelled into space, he took flags of all UN member countries
with him.
c.The coin commemorates the joint USSR-Mongolian spaceflight.
d.Yuri Gagarin was the first human who travelled into space.
17. In pairs, ask and answer.
a.Would you like to be an astronaut?
b.Would you like to go to the moon or travel into space?
c.How important is learning about space?
d.What is the most interesting thing you know about space?
e.What do you think of your country's involvement in space?
18. Study the acrostic poem about Neil Armstrong and write his biography.
N was born on Augusts, 1930. Stephen Armstrong is his father.
Engineering was one of his degrees. Taught aerospace.
In the United Air Force. Rode on Apollo 11.
Leaving the military, he became a test pilot, Ohio is his home state.
A famous astronaut, Name of mother is Viola Armstrong
Rocket science. Gemini 8 was his first mission
Middle name: Alden

23a. Study the sentences and choose a or b in the explanations.

Teacher: "I didn't teach the lesson yesterday."
Teacher said that he/she hadn't taught the lesson the day before.
When we report statements we ....
a. change one tense backshift. b. don't change the tenses
Teacher: "I didn't teach the lesson yesterday. "
Teacher said that he/she hadn't taught the lesson the day before.
When we report statements we
a. do not change the time. b. change the time
23b. Choose the correct answer.
1. Tom said: "I want to visit my friends this weekend."
a.Tom said he wants to visit his friends that weekend.
b.Tom said he wanted to visit his friends that weekend.
c.Tom said he wanted to visit his friends this weekend.
2. Jerry said: "I'm studying English a lot at the moment."
a.Jerry said he was studying English a lot at that moment.
b.Jerry said he was studying English a lot at the moment.
c.Jerry said I was studying English a lot at that moment.
3. Andrew said: "I was sleeping when dad called"
a.Andrew said he had been sleeping when dad had called.
b.Andrew said he was sleeping when dad had called.
c.Andrew said he had slept when dad called.
4. Jennifer said:"I am going to work in the space next year."
a.Jennifer said she was going to work in the space the following year.
b.Jennifer said she was going to work in the space next year.
c.Jennifer said she is going to work in the space the following year.