HUMAN NUTRITION

MICRONUTRIENTS AS CAUSE OF DISEASES OR IMPAIRMENTS

MINERAL DEFICIENCY CAUSES EXCESS CAUSES FOOD SOURCE

IRON  Extreme fatigue  Abdominal pain  Red meat,
 Weakness pork and
 High blood sugar
 Pale skin levels poultry
 Chest pain, fast  Seafood
heartbeat or  Hyperpigmentation on
the skin  Beans
shortness of
 Dark green
breath  In females, reduced or
 Headache, leafy
absent menstruation
dizziness or vegetables,
lightheadedness  Arthritis like
 Cold hands and  Liver disease spinach
feet or cirrhosis (permanen  Dried fruit,
 Inflammation or t scarring) of the liver such as
soreness of the
 Enlargement of the raisins and
tongue
liver apricots
 Unusual
cravings for  Diabetes  Iron-
non-nutritive fortified
 Hypothyroidism
substances. cereals,
 Poor appetite  Heart disease breads and
 Pancreatitis pastas
 Peas

PHOSPHORUS  Loss of appetite  Low calcium levels  Meats and other

 Anxiety  Osteoporosis proteins such as
 Bone pain  Teeth and gum beef, chicken,
 Fragile bones problems fish, and organ
 Stiff joints  Increased risk meat like liver
 Fatigue of cardiovascular  Milk and dairy
 Irregular breathing disease foods such as
irritability  Stomach eggs, cottage
cramps and diarrhea cheese, and ice
 Numbness
 Calcification in renal and cream
 Weakness
vascular systems stroke  Beans such as
 Weight change
  In children,  Stroke navy, kidney,
decreased growth  Kidney damage soy, pinto, and
and poor bone and garbanzo
 Toxicity
tooth development.
 Interference with the  Grains such as
body's ability to use bran and wheat
calcium, magnesium, germ
iron, and zinc  Nuts and seeds
 Premature death such as
almonds,
cashews,
peanut butter,
and sunflower
seeds
MAGNESIUM  Nausea  Almonds
 Diarrhea
 Vomiting  Spinach
 Nausea and vomiting
 Weakness  Lethargy  Cashews
 Decreased  Muscle weakness  Peanuts
appetite
 Abnormal electrical  Wheat cereal or
 Numbness bread
conduction in the heart
 Tingling  Soymilk
 Low blood pressure
 Muscle cramps  Black beans
 Urine retention
 Seizures  Respiratory distress  Peanut butter
 Muscle spasticity  Cardiac arrest
 Personality
changes
 Abnormal heart
rhythms

CALCIUM  Confusion or  Excessive thirst and  Milk, cheese

memory loss frequent urination. and other dairy
 Muscle spasms foods
 Stomach pain and
 Numbness and digestive problems.  Green leafy
tingling in the vegetables,
hands, feet, and  Bone pain and muscle
such as curly
face weakness.
kale, okra and
 Depression  Anxiety and depression. spinach
 Hallucinations
 High blood pressure and  Soya drinks
 Muscle cramps
abnormal heart with added
 Weak and brittle
rhythms.
 nails calcium
 Easy fracturing of  Bread and
the bones anything made
with fortified
flour
 Fish where you
eat the bones,
such as
sardines and
pilchards

IODINE  Hypothyroidism,  Burning of the  Fish

goiter: swelling of mouth, throat, and  Eggs
the thyroid glands stomach
in the neck  Fever  Nuts

 Fatigue  Abdominal pain,  Meats

nausea, vomiting,
 Bread
 Increased and diarrhea
sensitivity to cold  Weak pulse  Dairy products
 Constipation  Coma  Seaweed
 Dry skin  Iodized table
salt
 Weight gain
 Puffy face
 Muscle weakness
 Elevated blood
cholesterol levels
 Pain or stiffness
in the muscles
and joints
 Slowed heart rate
 Thinning hair
 Depression
 Poor memory
 A heavier-than-
normal period in
menstruating
 women

VITAMIN DEFICIENCY CAUSES EXCESS CAUSES FOOD SOURCE

B1  Loss of appetite.  Digestive distress  Beef liver
 Fatigue. may be  Black beans,
 Irritability. experienced cooked
 Reduced reflexes.  Stomach pain
 Tingling sensation in  Lentils, cooked
 Arrhythmia
arms and legs.  Eye irritation  Macadamia
 Muscle weakness.  Vomiting nuts, raw
 Blurry vision. .
 Diarrhea  Edamame,
 Nausea and vomiting.
 Allergic reactions cooked
 Changes in heart rate
may be
 Shortness of breath  Pork loin,
experienced
 Delirium cooked
 Asparagus
 Fortified
breakfast
cereal
B2  Angular cheilitis, or  Urine turning a  Dairy products
cracks at the corners yellow-orange  Asparagus
of the mouth color  Artichokes
 Cracked lips  Increased urine  Avocados
 Dry skin  Diarrhea  Cayenne
 Inflammation of the  Damage to the  Currants
lining of the mouth liver  Fortified
 Inflammation of the cereals
tongue  Kelp
 Mouth ulcers  Lima beans,
 Red lips navy beans,
 Sore throat and peas
 Scrotal dermatitis  Molasses
 Fluid in mucous  Mushrooms
membranes  Nuts
 Iron-deficiency  Parsley
anemia  Pumpkins
 Eyes may be sensitive  Rosehips
to bright light, and  Sage
they may be itchy,
 watery, or bloodshot  Sweet
potatoes
 Cruciferous
vegetables,
such as
broccoli,
Brussels
spinach, and
watercress
 Whole-grain
breads,
enriched
breads, and
wheat bran
 Yeast extract
B3  Fatigue  Severe skin  Yeast
 Indigestion flushing  Meat
 Nausea combined with  Fish
dizziness  Milk
 Vomiting
 Rapid  Eggs
 Diarrhea
heartbeat  Green
 Mouth sores vegetables
 Swollen bright red  Itching
 Cereal grains
tongue  Nausea and
vomiting
 Poor circulation
 Abdominal
 Depressed mood
pain
 Scaly skin that is
 Diarrhea
highly sensitive to the
 Gout
sun

B12  Anemia  mild diarrhea  Fish

 Pale yellow tinge to  Meat
 itching
the skin  Poultry
 A sore and red tongue  skin rash  Eggs
(glossitis)  headache  Dairy products
 Mouth ulcers  Fortified
 Pins and needles  dizziness
breakfast
(paraesthesia)  nausea cereals
 Changes in the way  Fortified
 vomiting
that you walk and nutritional
move around  pulmonary edema yeasts
 Disturbed vision and congestive
 Irritability heart failure early
  Depression in treatment
 Changes in the way  vein thrombosis
you think, feel and
behave  sensation of
 A decline in your swelling
mental abilities, such  polycythemia vera
as memory, (rare, slow
understanding and growing blood
judgement (dementia) cancer)

A  Dry skin  Drowsiness  Liver

 Dry eyes  Irritability
 Fish and fish
 Night blindness  Abdominal pain
oils
 Nausea
 Infertility and trouble
 Vomiting  Milk
conceiving
 Increased  Eggs
 Delayed growth
pressure on the
 Throat and chest brain  Dark fruits
infections  Swelling of the  Leafy, green
 Poor wound healing bones vegetables
 Acne and breakouts  Bone pain
 Orange and
 Poor appetite
yellow
 Dizziness
vegetables
 Nausea and
(sweet
vomiting
potatoes,
 Sensitivity to
carrots)
sunlight
 Dry, rough skin  Tomato
 Itchy or peeling products
skin  Some
 Cracked vegetable oils
fingernails
 Skin cracks at the  Fortified foods
corners of your (which have
mouth added
 Mouth ulcers vitamins) like
 Yellowed skin cereal
(jaundice)  Sugar
 Hair loss
 Respiratory
infection
 Confusion
D  Fatigue.  Hypercalcemia,  Oily fish
 Salmon
  Bone pain. elevated  Sardines
 Muscle weakness,  Appetite loss  Herring
muscle aches, or  Constipation mackerel
 Red meat
muscle cramps.  Depression
 Liver
 Mood Headaches
changes, depression.  Memory problems  Egg yolks
 Heart disease and Thirst  Fortified foods
high blood pressure.  Tiredness – such as
 Diabetes. some fat
 Infections and spreads and
breakfast
immune system
cereals
disorders.
 Falls in older people.
 Some types of cancer,
such as colon,
prostate and breast
cancers.
 Multiple sclerosis.

E  Difficulty with walking  Bleeding  Nuts and

or coordination  Muscle weakness seeds, such as
fatigue almonds,
 Muscle pain or
 Nausea peanuts
weakness
 Diarrhea
 Whole grains
 Visual disturbances
 Vegetable-
 General unwellness
based oils,
especially
olive and
sunflower
 Leafy
vegetables
 Eggs
 Fortified
cereals
 Kiwi
 Mango

K  Easy bruising  Jaundice  Green leafy

 Oozing from nose or  Hyperbilirubinemia vegetables
 Broccoli
 gums hemolytic anemia  Spinach
 Excessive bleeding  Kernicterus in  Vegetable oils
from wounds, infants  Cereal grain
 Kale
punctures, and
injection or surgical
sites
 Heavy menstrual
periods
 Bleeding from the
gastrointestinal (GI)
tract
 Blood in the urine
and/or stool
 Increased prothrombin
time

C  Rough, bumpy skin  Diarrhea.  Citrus fruit,

 Corkscrew-shaped  Nausea. such as
body hair  Vomiting. oranges and
 Bright red hair orange juice
 Heartburn.
follicles
 Spoon-shaped  Abdominal  Peppers
fingernails with red cramps.  Strawberries
spots or lines  Headache.
 Blackcurrants
 Dry, damaged skin  Insomnia.
 Easy bruising  Flatulence  Broccoli
 Slowly healing
 Brussels
wounds
sprouts
 Painful, swollen
joints  Potatoes
 Weak bones
 Bleeding gums and
tooth loss
 Poor immunity
 Fatigue
 Poor mood
 Weight gain

Ácido fólico  Tiredness, fatigue and  Abdominal cramps  Spinach

lethargy  Diarrhea  Nuts
 Muscle weakness  Rash  Beans
 Neurological signs,  Sleep disorders,  Fortified foods
such as a feeling of  Irritability such as
 pins and needles,  Confusion breads,
tingling, or burning,  Nausea pastas, and
 Psychological  Stomach upset cereals
problems, such as behavior changes
depression, confusion,  Skin reactions
memory problems,  Seizures
problems of  Gas
judgement and
understanding
 nausea
 vomiting
 abdominal pain
 weight loss
 diarrhea
 Headache and
dizziness
 Pallor
 Shortness of breath

1. WHAT IS SCURBY? DESCRIBE AND EXPLAIN.

Scurvy is the name given to vitamin C deficiency, or lack of ascorbic acid. Since vitamin C
is needed for the production of collagen, which is a key element for the structure and
support of connective tissues, the symptoms associated with scurvy are skin problems,
gum disease, as well as anemia and weakness.
2. WHAT IS BERI BERI? DESCRIBE AND EXPLAIN
It manifests with the deficiency of vitamin B, known as thiamine. There are two types of
beriberi, wet beriberi and dry beriberi. Wet beriberi affects the heart and circulatory
system. In extreme cases, wet beriberi can cause heart failure. Dry beriberi damages the
nerves and can lead to decreased muscle strength and eventually, muscle paralysis.
3. WHAT IS GOITER? DECRIBE AND EXPLAIN
Goiter is an enlargement and inflammation of the thyroid gland in the neck. The most
common cause of goiter is iodine deficiency, since iodine is essential for the production of
thyroid hormones, which help the thyroid gland do its function, control body temperature,
influence heart rate and regulate production of proteins. Apart from the swelling, the
symptoms are hoarseness and difficulty breathing and swallowing.
4. IS A POOR DIET THE ONLY CAUSE FOR MINERALS OR VITAMINS
DEFICIENCIES?
No, one can have a rich diet and still don’t absorb the minerals and vitamins necessary
due to how the food is cooked.