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Carl Gustav Jung

Carl Gustav Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist who founded analytical psychology. Some key aspects of Jung's theories include the collective unconscious and archetypes which are shared among all humans. Jung also introduced the concepts of introversion and extroversion as well as complexes. While Jung's theories provided a broad framework and added new dimensions, his concepts like the collective unconscious are difficult to empirically test and his theories have been criticized for their lack of parsimony and consistency.

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93 views

Carl Gustav Jung

Carl Gustav Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist who founded analytical psychology. Some key aspects of Jung's theories include the collective unconscious and archetypes which are shared among all humans. Jung also introduced the concepts of introversion and extroversion as well as complexes. While Jung's theories provided a broad framework and added new dimensions, his concepts like the collective unconscious are difficult to empirically test and his theories have been criticized for their lack of parsimony and consistency.

Uploaded by

Rain Riene
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Carl Gustav Jung

I- Biography
A. Early Life
 Swiss psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung was born July 26, 1875, in Kesswil, Switzerland.
The only son of a Protestant clergyman, Jung was a quiet, observant child who packed a
certain loneliness in his single-child status. However, perhaps as a result of that isolation,
he spent hours observing the roles of the adults around him, something that no doubt
shaped his later career and work.
 Jung's youth was additionally impacted by the complexities of his folks. His dad, Paul,
built up a weak faith in the force of religion as he became more seasoned. Jung's mom,
Emilie, was spooky by psychological maladjustment and, when her kid was only three,
left the family to live briefly in a psychiatric hospital.
 Just like the case with his dad and numerous other male family members, it was normal
that Jung would enter the pastorate. All things being equal, Jung, who started perusing
reasoning broadly in his teenagers, avoided what was already the norm and went to the
University of Basel. There, he was presented to various fields of study, including science,
fossil science, religion and paleontology, before at last choosing medication.
 He was lucky in joining the staff of the Burghölzli Asylum of the University of Zürich at
a time (1900) when it was under the course of Eugen Bleuler, whose mental interests had
started what are currently viewed as old style investigations of psychological sickness. At
Burghölzli, Jung started, with exceptional achievement, to apply affiliation tests started
by before specialists.
 He considered, particularly, patients' impossible to miss and unreasonable reactions to
upgrade words and found that they were brought about by sincerely charged bunches of
affiliations retained from awareness as a result of their obnoxious, improper (to them),
and habitually sexual substance. He utilized the now celebrated term complex to depict
such conditions.

B. Career Beginnings
 Jung began his professional career in 1900 as an assistant to Eugen Bleuler (1857–
1939) at the psychiatric clinic of the University of Zurich. During these years of his
internship, Jung, with a few associates, worked out the so-called association
experiment.
 This is a method of testing used to reveal affectively significant groups of ideas in the
unconscious area of the psyche (the mind). These groups or "complexes" as Jung
called them, would have a control over the affected person, and would encourage
anxieties and inappropriate emotions.
 While going to the University of Zurich, Jung chipped away at the staff at Burgholzli
Asylum, where he went under the direction of Eugene Bleuler, a spearheading analyst
who laid the basis for what is presently viewed as classical studies of mental illness.
 At the medical clinic, Jung saw how various words inspired enthusiastic reactions
from patients, which he accepted addressed subliminal relationship around corrupt or
sexual substance. These perceptions drove the route for Jung to build up the
expression "complex" to depict the conditions.

C. Later years and death


 Jung became a full professor of medical psychology at the University of Basel in 1943,
but resigned after a heart attack the next year to lead a more private life. He became ill
again in 1952.
 In 1961, Jung wrote his last work, a contribution to Man and His Symbols entitled
"Approaching the Unconscious" (published posthumously in 1964). Jung died on 6 June
1961 at Küsnacht after a short illness. He had been beset by circulatory diseases.

E. Life Relations to his Theories


 Concepts of archetype and the collective unconscious has come from Jung’s own inner
experiences which, he admittedly found difficult to communicate others, so that
acceptance of these concepts rests more on faith than on empirical evidence.
 He discovered similarities between his personal experience and the practices associated
with totems in indigenous cultures, such as the collection of soul-stones near Arlesheim
or the tjurungas of Australia. He concluded that his intuitive ceremonial act was an
unconscious ritual, which he had practiced in a way that was strikingly similar to those in
distant locations which he, as a young boy, knew nothing about.
 Although Jung’s journey into the unconscious was dangerous and painful, it was also
necessary and fruitful. By using dream interpretation and active imagination to force
himself through his underground journey, Jung eventually was able to create his unique
theory of personality.
 His observations about symbols, archetypes, and the collective unconscious were
inspired, in part, by these early experiences combined with his later research.

II- Theories
A. Theory of the Unconscious
 According to Jung, the collective unconscious is made up of a collection of knowledge
and imagery that every person is born with and is shared by all human beings due to
ancestral experience.
 Though humans may not know what thoughts and images are in their collective
unconscious, it is thought that in moments of crisis the psyche can tap into the collective
unconscious.
 According to Jung, the ego represents the conscious mind as it comprises the thoughts,
memories, and emotions a person is aware of. The ego is largely responsible for feelings
of identity and continuity.
 Jung (1933) outlined an important feature of the personal unconscious called complexes.
A complex is a collection of thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and memories that focus on a
single concept.

III- Critique of Jung


 First, a useful theory must generate testable hypotheses and descriptive research
 Second, it must have the capacity for either verification or falsification. Jung theory like
Freud’s is nearly impossible to either verify or falsify. The collective unconscious, the
core of Jung’s theory, remains a difficult concept to test empirically.
 Third, a useful theory should organize observations into a meaningful framework.
Analytical psychology is unique because it adds a new dimension to personality theory,
namely the collective unconscious. Those aspects of human personality dealing with the
occult, the mysterious, and the parapsychological are not touched on by most other
personality theories. Jung is the only modern personality theorist to make a serious
attempt to include such a broad scope of human activity within a single theoretical
framework. Jung’s theory a moderate rating on its ability to organize knowledge.
 The fourth criterion of a useful theory is its practically. The concept of a collective
unconscious does not easily lend itself to empirical research, but it may have some
usefulness in helping people understand cultural myths and adjust to life’s traumas.
Overall, Jung’s theory only a low rating in practically.
 Jung's theory of personality recognize two basic attitudes the introverted and extroverted.
The theory of her is described as low in internal consistency. He generally used the same
term to describe the same concept as regression and introverted as the same process. The
expanded term of progression and extraverted are induration and self-realization that are
not clearly differentiate unlike introverted and regression.
 Final criterion of a useful theory is parsimony. Jung’s psychology is not simple, but
neither in human personality, it because it is more cumbersome than necessary, we can
give it only a low rating on parsimony. The law of parsimony states, “When two theories
are equally useful, the simpler one is preferred. “In fact, of course, no two are ever equal,
but Jung’s theory, while adding dimension to human personality not greatly dealt with by
others, is probably more complex than necessary.

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