ملف استعداد مقابلات شخصية مختبرات النسخة النهائية
ملف استعداد مقابلات شخصية مختبرات النسخة النهائية
ملف استعداد مقابلات شخصية مختبرات النسخة النهائية
Quality in Laboratory:
if we run the test and the result is critical> rerun the sample> if still
critical>inform the supervisor> inform the doctor or the head nurse.
Numerical indication for reading the test results by it's reactivity or severity as if it
was reactive or not, or for example in vitamin D , when do we say the result is
deficiency, sufficient, or toxic.
delta check?
A delta check is a quality control tool that involves the comparison of laboratory
test results with results obtained on previous samples from the same patient. Delta
checks can be programmed into the laboratory's computer system to detect an
error
specificity?
The more specific a test is, the fewer “false-positive” results it produces.
Sensitivity?
The more sensitive a test, the fewer “false-negative” results it produces.
accuracy?
Measuring the trueness of a concentration
precision?
Measuring reproducibility of a given result or concentration.
If you have urgent sample and the reagent is expired what will you do?
Well, in this scenario if the reagent is only recently became expired and it was
stored appropriately and still performed correctly as it should, there is a practice
called (deviation from the policy) where the lab head or the lab director must sign
on a form stating it is accepted to use the reagent for this specific condition only
because the results of the reagent is performing well.
For waved test: follow manufacturer instructions , we can also run simple
precision and linearity.
For non-waved testing: Accuracy by comparison, precision (Complix and simple),
AMR or Linearity, sensitivity, carry over, reference range.
Method validation?
Validation involves performing specific clinical laboratory studies by the
manufacture or a validation institution to verify that a particular instrument,
software program, or measurement technique is working properly.
Individualized Quality Control Plan it's a tool used when we change the
manufactor control plan or the instrument itself does not use liquid control
solutions or for some particular sections like in Microbiology.
Q) what will happen if there was EDTA contamination in serum sample for
chemistery ?
The presence of EDTA may interfere with the measurement of several chemistry
analytes, resulting in either erroneously increased or decreased values.Potassium
may be increased in the presence of EDTA,. Other ions are also chelated by
EDTA, including magnesium, zinc and iron, thus decreased values may be
observed for any of these ions. EDTA can also decrease the activity of enzymes
such as alkaline phosphatase or creatine kinase, due to chelation of the required
cofactors.
Q) What should you do if you receive STAT samples without patient name?
Is the patient MRN present? (Medical Record Number) it's the most important if
it's not we have no choice but to reject the anonymous sample, and report the
incident.
• Red blood cell indices—early on, the RBCs may be a normal size and color
(normocytic, normochromic) but as the anemia progresses, the RBCs
become smaller (microcytic) and paler (hypochromic) than normal.
• Average size of RBCs (mean corpuscular volume, MCV)—
decreased
• Average amount of hemoglobin in RBCs (mean corpuscular
hemoglobin, MCH)—decreased
• Hemoglobin concentration (mean corpuscular hemoglobin
concentration, MCHC)—decreased
• Increased variation in the size of RBCs (red cell distribution width,
RDW)
Rerun Sample if still critical, inform the physician immediately ask for a read back
, document,and order confirmatory sample
What are the critical value parameters in chemistry?
Q) What would you do if you received a cbc sample in sodium citrate tube?
sodium citrate and heparin anticoagulants can be used as alternatives for testing in
case the patient sample showed platelet satellitism, as sodium citrate might resolve
the clumping of platelets.
Q) if you get HBsAg(+) and HBcAb(+), what is the diagnosis ?
Blood Bank :
Test in blood bank lab :
• ABO (BLOOD GROUP ) TEST
• Weak D Testing (Du) Testing
• direct coombs test (DCT)
• indirect coombs test (ICT)
• cross matching
• antibody identification
What is cross match?
A test we do before blood transfusion to ensure that the Donor blood is compatible
with the patient.
What are cross matching types ?
Major cross match (patient serum + donor cells)
Minor cross match (patient cells + donor serum)
Q)PCR steps ?
Step 1: Denaturation
As in DNA replication, the two strands in the DNA double helix need to be
separated.
Step 2: Annealing
Primers bind to the target DNA sequences and initiate polymerisation. This can
only occur once the temperature of the solution has been lowered.
One primer binds to each strand.
Step 3: Extension
New strands of DNA are made using the original strands as templates. A DNA
polymerase enzyme joins free DNA nucleotides together. This enzyme is often
Taq polymerase, an enzyme originally isolated from a thermophilic bacteria called
Thermus aquaticus.
Q) what is RT-PCR
A real-time polymerase chain reaction also known as quantitative Polymerase.
Histopathology
Q) what are the frozen section, and used for what ?
The frozen section procedure is a pathological laboratory procedure
to perform rapid microscopic analysis of a specimen.
what are the samples received in histopathology laboratory?
Three main types of specimen are received :
1-Larger specimens include whole organs or parts
2-Pieces of tissue rather than whole organs are removed as biopsies,
3-Fluid and very small pieces of tissue
Q) what are cytology samples and used for what ?
Common samples include pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, peritoneal fluid, and
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology.
Q) what are the situations that you can’t reject the sample? and what would you
do ?
In non replaceable sample : blood samples collected before the patient pass
away, biopsy or histopathology/cytology samples.
Microbiology