LECTURE-12

Dr. Madhumita Mohanty

1
 Incident
Command
System
(ICS)
 Incident Command System (ICS)

• ICS is a management system to organise various emergency functions systematically while

responding to any disaster.

• It has incident management teams with an incident commander and officers trained in different

aspects of incident management, such as logistics, operations, planning, safety, media

management, etc.

• It keeps such teams in each District by training the District level functionaries.

• Uses technologies and contemporary systems of planning and execution

Incident Command System (ICS)
Approach for relief and rehabilitation

• Assistance to victims of disaster for rehabilitation in States and ensuring their social safety

and security.

• Relief must be prompt, adequate and of approved standards.

• Guidelines defining minimum standards of relief will be prepared by NDMA.

Setting up of Temporary Relief Camps
• DDMAs identify locations to set up temporary camps.
• Agencies to supply the necessary stores are identified in the predisaster phase.
• Use of premises of educational institutions to set up relief camps must be discouraged.
• Temporary relief camps will have adequate provision of drinking water and bathing,
sanitation and essential health care facilities.
• Special task forces from amongst the disaster affected families will be set up to provide
food through community kitchens, and provide education through the restoration of
schools and anganwadis.
• Efficient governance systems like entitlement cards, laminated identification cards etc., will
be developed as a part of uniform humanitarian governance practices through the
respective DDMAs.
Management of Relief Supplies
• Ensuring minimum standards of relief and speedy management of supplies are important
features of relief operations.
• SOPs will be put in place for ensuring the procurement, packaging, transportation, storage
and distribution of relief items, in an organised manner.
• Affected community and local authorities need to work together to manage the relief
camps.
• Guidelines will be evolved to manage the donations received in cash or kind to ensure
transparency and accountability.
Review of Standards of Relief
• In most States, existing standards of relief need to be reviewed to address the

contemporary needs of communities affected by disasters.

• The SDMAs may review the Relief Codes/manuals and prepare DM Codes for prescribing

the norms, standards and criteria for the provision of relief in conformity with the

guidelines of NDMA.
Temporary Livelihood Options and Socio-Economic Rehabilitation

• In the aftermath of any major disaster, generally a demand always arises to generate

temporary livelihood options for the affected community and the State Governments

should recognise this aspect in their DM planning process.

• Any such option must ensure that the assets, infrastructure and amenities created

are hazard resistant, durable, sustainable, and cost-efficient.

Provision of Intermediate Shelters
• In the case of devastating disasters, where extreme weather conditions can be life
threatening or when the period of stay in temporary shelters is likely to be long and
uncertain, construction of intermediate shelters with suitable sanitary facilities will be
undertaken to ensure a reasonable quality of life to the affected people.
• The design of such shelters will be eco-friendly and in consonance with local culture.
• It would be desirable for SDMAs to plan during periods of normalcy, the layout of
intermediate shelters which is cost-effective and as per local needs with multi-use
potential.
Approach for reconstruction and recovery
• Incorporating disaster resilient features to ‘build back better’ will be the guiding
principle.
• The appropriate choice of technology and project impact assessment needs to be
carried out to establish that the projects contemplated do not create any side effects on
the physical, socio-cultural or economic environment of the communities in the affected
areas or in their neighbourhood.
• Systems for providing psychosocial support and trauma counselling need to be
developed for implementation during the reconstruction and recovery phase.
Owner Driven Reconstruction
• Reconstruction plans and designing of houses need to be a participatory process involving

the government, affected community, NGOs and the corporate sector.

• After the planning process is over, while owner driven construction is a preferred option,

participation of the NGOs and corporate sector will be encouraged.

• Reconstruction programmes will be within the confines and the qualitative specifications

laid down by the Government.

Speedy Reconstruction
• Essential services, social infrastructure and intermediate shelters/camps will be
established in the shortest possible time.
• For permanent reconstruction, ideally, the work including the construction of houses
must be completed within two to three years.
• Central Ministries/Departments concerned and the State Governments should create
dedicated project teams to speed up the reconstruction process.
• Contingency plans for reconstruction in highly disaster prone areas need to be drawn out
during the period of normalcy.
Linking Recovery with Safe Development
• Efforts will be made to support and enhance the viability of livelihood systems, education,

health care facilities, care of the elderly, women and children, etc.

• Other aspects warranting attention will be roads, housing, drinking water sources,

provision for sanitary facilities, availability of credit, supply of agricultural inputs, upgradation

of technologies in the on-farm and off-farm activities, storage, processing, marketing, etc.
Livelihood Restoration
• State governments will have to lay emphasis on the restoration of permanent

livelihood of those affected by disasters and special attention to the needs of artisans,

farmers and people belonging to marginalised and vulnerable sections.

Approach to capacity development will include:
• Training for developing community based DM systems for their
specific needs in view of the regional diversities and multi-hazard vulnerabilities.
• Conceptualisation of community based DM systems at the National level through a
consultative process State and Local level authorities in charge of implementation.
• Identification of knowledge –based institutions with proven performance.
• Promotion of International and Regional cooperation.
• Capacity analysis of different disaster response groups at State/ District/Local levels.
• Adoption of traditional and global best practices and technologies.
• Laying emphasis on table-top exercises, simulations, mock drills and development of skills
to test the plans.
National Priorities
• In the field of capacity development, priority will be given to training of DM officials,

functionaries, trainers and elected representatives and communities.

• DM training and orientation of professionals like doctors, engineers, and architects will be

given due importance.

• Further, expansion of DM training in educational institutions at all levels including schools,

with orientation towards practical requirements will be given due weightage.

Institutional Capacity Development
• The NIDM will play an important role in developing and facilitating the implementation
of the National training schedule for DM.
• It will also be the nodal institution for Regional and International cooperation for training.
There are a number of renowned institutes in various States, which are imparting training
in DM.
• These will be strengthened with financial assistance and such efforts will be replicated by
States/UTs.
• Also, the DM cells in all Administrative Training Institutes, Police Academies, State
Institutes of Rural Development, the four Paramilitary Training Centres of the NDRF and
the National Training Academy will contribute most significantly in developing DM related
skills.
• The capacity of existing institutes needs to be upgraded in accordance with Regional and
Local requirements.
Training of Communities
• Building the capacity of communities, as they are the first responders to disasters, is
a significant part of the capacity development process.
• It will include awareness, orientation and developing skills of communities and community
leaders.
• Assistance from NDRF, Civil Defence and NGOs/other voluntary organisations such as the
Red Cross and Self-Help Groups will be encouraged.
• The overall responsibility to give impetus to leadership and motivation will rest with
local authorities, PRIs (Panchayati Raj Institutions) and ULBs (Urban Local Bodies) under the
overall guidance of State and District authorities.
Professional Technical Education
• The curricula of graduate and postgraduate level courses in architecture, engineering,
earth sciences and medicine will be reviewed by the competent authorities to include
contemporary knowledge related to DM in their respective specialised fields.
• The role of the NCC and Boy Scouts may also be included in schools and colleges for
disaster management related work.
• MHRD will encourage the development of DM as a distinct academic discipline, in the
universities and institutes of technical excellence.
DM Education in Schools
• The introduction of the subject of DM, by the MHRD, in the curriculum through the CBSE,
will be extended to all schools through their Secondary Education Boards.
• State Governments will also ensure the inclusion of disaster management curriculum
through State School Boards.
• The education content will inculcate skill based training, psychological resilience and
qualities of leadership.
• The role of the NCC and Boy Scouts may also be included in schools and colleges for
disaster management related work.
• Disaster education will aim at developing a culture of preparedness and safety, besides
implementing school DM plans.
Training of Artisans
• The upgradation of the skills of artisans is another crucial component of the capacity
building process.
• The Central Ministries and Departments concerned will ensure the availability of resources
for sustainable programmes to train artisans.
• The States will be encouraged to promote this activity vigorously.
• The guidance of IITs and NITs will be sought to plan these programmes.
• The implementation will be assisted by Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) and other
Central, Regional and State Vocational Training Institutes.
• To ensure widespread participation, these programmes will be made available.
• Private builders, contractors and NGOs are expected to play a significant role in utilising
trained artisans
Training of Other Groups
• Other professional groups such as paramedics, social workers, plumbers, sanitary fitters
and safety auditors also play a very important role in community based DM.
• These groups will also be provided training through suitable programmes.
Licensing and Certification
• Testing the skills of professionals becomes important to ensure disaster resilient
construction in the built environment.
• The BIS will be requested to develop uniform codes and specifications with the help of
professional bodies.
• The State Governments will develop a scheme to ensure that only adequately qualified
professionals practice within its territory.
• The State Governments will also enforce their own registration benchmarks to uphold
desirable standards commensurate with their risk profile.
Knowledge Dissemination through Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK)
• A rich legacy of technical knowledge and experience has been handed down right from
ancient times by way of tried and tested practices in facing disasters in different parts of
India.
• A concerted effort will be made to catalogue this precious heritage, validate the products
through contemporary systems and disseminate the results to appropriate destinations
and affected communities with a view to adding value to their DM effort.
India Disaster Resource Network (IDRN)
• The existing framework of IDRN needs to be further expanded to include the resources of
various agencies, domains and disciplines at the National level.
• The relevant information will be placed in the public domain for easy retrieval, usage and
online updation.
India Disaster Knowledge Network (IDKN)

• In acknowledgment of the need for a knowledge sharing platform on DM, and to facilitate

interaction and dialogue with related areas of expertise, the India Disaster Knowledge

Network Portal has been set up.

• The portal will serve as a tool to collect, collate and disseminate information related to DM.

• It will connect all Government Departments, statutory agencies, research

organisations/institutions and humanitarian organisations to share collectively and

individually their knowledge and technical expertise.

THANK YOU