GEC 3 UNDERSTANDING THE SELF:  The ego mediates between desires and

FINALS reality, seeking practicality. (Balances the

(Prepared by: Meriam Kaye K. Llorente)
other 2)
LESSON 6: PSYCHOLOGICAL
 Superego enforces moral standards and acts
PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF
as the conscience. (sense of morality)
Role of Psychology in understanding oneself
 These three structures are systems and not
 Psychology is the scientific study of the physical parts of the brain.
mind and behavior.  Although each part comprises unique
 Psychologists are actively involved in features and contributes to an individual’s
studying and understanding mental behavior, they interact to form a whole.
processes, brain functions, and behavior.  Psychoanalysis is a set of theories and
 the four primary goals of psychology are therapeutic techniques that deal in part
to describe, explain, predict, and change with the unconscious mind, and which
behavior. together form a method of treatment for
 Describe – To describe human thoughts and mental disorders.
behavior.  Psychoanalysis is the treatment of someone
 Explain – to explain why these behaviors who has mental problems by asking them
occur. about their feelings and their past to try to
 Predict – to predict how, why, and when discover what may be causing their
these behaviors will occur again in the condition.
future.  Psychoanalysis aims to promote awareness
 Modify – to modify and improve behaviors of unconscious and recurrent patterns of
to better the lives of individuals and society. emotion and behavior to help a person
address the root causes of their
Who is Sigmund Freud in Psychology? psychological issues.
 Sigmund Freud, Austrian neurologist,  The unconscious mind can include
founder of psychoanalysis. repressed feelings, hidden memories, habits,
 He was the founder of psychoanalysis, a thoughts, desires, and reactions. Things we
theory of how the mind works and a method are unaware of and cannot become aware of.
of helping people in mental distress.  Thus, the unconscious mind can be seen as
the source of dreams and automatic thoughts
 Freud was born on 6 May 1856 in Freiberg,
(those that appear without any apparent
Moravia (today Příbor, Czech Republic) to
cause), the repository of forgotten memories
a family of Jewish wool merchants.
(that may still be accessible to consciousness
 Began his study of medicine at the
at some later time), and the locus of implicit
University of Vienna in 1873.
knowledge (the things that we have learned
Sigmund Freud: Psychoanalytic (Theory of so well that we do them without thinking).
Personality)  Conscious mind, the small amount of
mental activity we know about.
 Freud asserts that the human psyche  Subconscious mind, things we could be
(personality) is structured into 3 parts aware of if we wanted or tried.
(tripartite). These structures- the Id, ego,  Freud believed that during our childhood,
and superego – all develop at different certain events have great influence on how
stages is a person’s life. our personality is shaped, which carries over
 The id is part of the unconscious mind and into our adult lives.
comprises the two instincts: Eros and  Traumatic experiences can initiate strong
Thanatos. The id operates on instinctual emotions and physical reactions that can
drives and the pleasure principle. (primal persist long after the event. Children may
instincts) feel terror, helplessness, or fear, as well as
physiological reactions such as heart
 pounding, vomiting, or loss of bowel or is the immortal “essence” of our self (as a
bladder control. whole)).
 The signs of trauma in a child include  Psyche’s segregated from the mind or
obsession with death or safety and issues brain. It's a separate entity which makes
with sleeping, eating, attention, and us who we are. It influences thought
regulating emotions. patterns, opinions, values, emotions,
 Mental distress is a major public health feelings and personality.
problem which includes anxiety, depression,
LESSON 7: PSYCHOSEXUAL
and somatic symptoms such as sleeping
DEVELOPMENT
problems, fatigue, and headache.
 Freud proposed that we use defense  According to the famous psychoanalyst
mechanisms to cope with anxiety. Sigmund Freud, children go through a
 Psychoanalysis is only by having a cathartic series of psychosexual stages that lead to
{releasing, therapeutic} (i.e., healing the development of the adult personality.
experience can a person be helped and  Freud's psychosexual theory emphasizes the
"cured". importance of basic needs and biological
 Gaining insight into your feelings, forces.
behaviors, and experiences can help you  His theory described how personality
better understand the unconscious forces that developed over the course of childhood.
continue to exert an influence on your  Freud believed that personality developed
actions, your relationships, and your sense through a series of childhood stages in
of self. which the pleasure-seeking energies of the
 Psychoanalytic therapy may also help you id become focused on certain erogenous
learn techniques for coping when future areas.
problems arise.  An erogenous zone is characterized as an
area of the body that is particularly sensitive
to stimulation.
Warning Signs and Risk Factors for Adults  Sexual infantilism: in pursuing and
(Mental distress) satisfying their libido (sexual drive), the
child might experience failure (parental
 Crying spells or bursts of anger and societal disapproval) and thus might
 Difficulty eating associate anxiety with the given erogenous
 Losing interest in daily activities zone.
 Increasing physical distress symptoms such
 To avoid anxiety, the child becomes
as headaches or stomach pains
fixated, preoccupied with the psychologic
 Fatigue
themes related to the erogenous zone in
 Feeling guilty, helpless, or hopeless
question.
 Avoiding family and friends.
 The fixation persists into adulthood and
Psychodynamics underlies the personality and
psychopathology of the individual. It may
 Also known as psychodynamic manifest as mental ailments such as
psychology, neurosis, hysteria, female hysteria, or
 is an approach to psychology that personality disorder.
emphasizes systematic study of the
psychological forces that underline human Psychosexual Stages
behavior, feelings and emotions and how
 Each stage of development is marked by
they might relate to early experience.
conflicts that can help build growth or stifle
 Psyche is a representation of our innermost
development depending upon how they are
unconscious self. Generally, Psyche has resolved.
connotations with the human Soul – (which
 If these psychosexual stages are completed instinct is directed to heterosexual
successfully, a healthy personality is the pleasure.
result. 5. Genital (11 – Adult) – the growing
1. Oral (0 – 2 years old) – Infant achieves adolescent shakes off old dependencies and
gratification through oral activities such as learns to deal maturely with the opposite
feeding, thumb sucking, and babbling. sex.
a. Mouth (pleasure) a. Genital (pleasure)
b. Trust vs. Mistrust (conflict) b. How people develop an identity or
c. Fixation; drinking, smoking, cope with role confusion. (conflict)
eating and nail biting. c. Fixation; Problems in this stage are
d. Underfed - oral passive (Trusting, carried over from earlier stages.
dependency)
What is Psychological Development?
e. Overfed – oral aggressive
(aggressive, dominating)  Psychological Development – refers to the
2. Anal (2 – 3 years old) – the child learns to development of human being’s cognitive
respond to some of the demands of society (mental actions or process of acquiring
(such as bowel and bladder control). knowledge), emotional, intellectual (ability
a. Anal (pleasure) to think and reason) and social capabilities
b. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt and functioning over the course of normal
(conflict) life span, from infancy through old age.
c. Fixation; anal-expulsive (messy,  Early experiences play a large role in
wasteful, destructive) Anal- personality development and continue to
retentive (orderly, rigid, obsessive) influence behavior later in life.
d. too harsh (over) – anal retentive  According to the famous psychoanalyst
(tidiness, obsessiveness, mean, Sigmund Freud, children go through a
stubborn series of psychosexual stages that lead to the
e. too lax (over) – anal expulsive development of the adult personality. His
(untidiness, generosity) theory described how personality developed
3. Phallic (3 – 7 years old) – the child learns over the course of childhood.
to realize the differences between males and  The psychosexual energy, or libido, was
females and becomes aware of sexuality. described as the driving force behind
a. Initiative vs. Guilt behavior.
b. Fixation; sexual deviancy or  If the other stages have been completed
confused sexual identity, possess successfully, the individual should now be
feelings of envy or inferiority on well-balanced, warm, and caring.
opposite sex.
c. Abnormal family setup – vanity, LESSON 8: ERIK ERIKSON’S
self-obsession, sexual anxiety, PERSONALITY THEORY
inadequacy, inferiority, envy Who is Erik Erikson?
4. Latency (7 – 11 years old) – The child
continues his or her development, but sexual  Erik Erikson was an ego psychologist who
urges are relatively quiet. developed one of the most popular and
a. Desires/pleasures are suppressed influential theories of development.
at this stage  Erikson was a neo-Freudian psychologist
b. Industry vs. Inferiority (conflict) who accepted many of the central tenets
c. Fixation; development of (principles) of Freudian theory but added
communication skills, and self- his own ideas and beliefs.
confidence.  The neo-Freudians were psychologists
d. Settling down in a loving whose work followed from Freud’s.
relationship – well adjusted, mature  While his theory was impacted by
able to love and be loved, sexual psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud's work,
 Erikson's theory centered on psychosocial  Each stage in Erikson’s theory is concerned
development rather than psychosexual with becoming competent in an area of
development. life.
 In ego psychology, the ego can be defined  If the stage is handled well, the person will
as the part of the psyche responsible for our feel a sense of mastery, which he sometimes
sense of self and our ability to interact with referred to as ego strength or ego quality.
the outside world.  If the stage is managed poorly, the person
 His theory of psychosocial development is will emerge with a sense of inadequacy.
centered on what is known as the epigenetic  Erikson believed that humans' personalities
principle, which proposes that all people go continued to develop earlier the age of
through a series of eight stages. five, and he believed that the development
 Epigenetics is the study of how your of personality depended directly on the
behaviors and environment can cause resolution of existential crises like trust,
changes that affect the way your genes autonomy, intimacy, individuality, integrity,
work. and identity.
 An example of epigenetics: Identical twins  Erikson maintained that personality
(also called monozygotic twins) result from develops in a predetermined order through
the fertilization of a single egg by a single eight stages of psychosocial development,
sperm, with the fertilized egg then splitting from infancy to adulthood. During each
into two. stage, the person experiences a psychosocial
 Erikson's psychosocial development crisis that could positively or negatively
theory emphasizes the social nature of our affect personality development.
development rather than its sexual nature.  For Erikson (1958, 1963), these crises are
While Freud believed that personality is psychosocial because they involve the
shaped only in childhood, Erikson proposed psychological needs of the individual (i.e.,
that personality development takes place all psycho) conflicting with the needs of
through the lifespan. society (i.e., social).
 According to the theory, successful
Psychosocial Development
completion of each stage results in a healthy
 Psychosocial development describes how a personality and the acquisition of basic
person's personality develops, and how virtues.
social skills are learned from infancy  Basic virtues are characteristic strengths
through adulthood. that the ego (Personality, Character or sense
 “psycho” = individual; “social” = societal of self) can use to resolve subsequent crises.
influences  Failure to complete a stage can result in a
 Therefore, psychosocial theory represents reduced ability to complete further stages
human development as a product of the and, therefore, an unhealthier personality
interaction between individual needs and and sense of self. These stages, however,
abilities and societal expectations and can be resolved successfully at a later time.
demands.  Erikson’s theory of psychosocial
 For a concept to be psychosocial means it development is one of the best-known
relates to one’s psychological development theories of personalities in psychology.
in, and interaction with, a social  One of the main elements of Erikson’s
environment. Involving both psychological psychosocial stage theory is the
and social aspects in human development. development of ego identity.
 There are 8 stages of human development,  One of the strengths of psychosocial theory
each stage consists of unique developmental is that it provides a broad framework from
task that confronts individuals with a crisis. which to view development throughout the
entire lifespan.
 Individuals would also benefit by enhancing one's appearance, the alterations
understanding psychosocial stages, in that in the physical self will have life- altering
they could reflect on their lives and consequences in the person's personality.
determine whether or not stages have been And naturally, these consequences are
resolved successfully. negative.
 If a stage has not been resolved, then the
How to be Physically Fit, Youthful and
individual could endeavor to rectify that.
Glowing
 Psychosocial theories address patterned
changes in ego development, including self- 1. Improve sleeping habit
understanding, identity formation, social 2. Observe correct eating habit
relationships, and worldview across the life 3. Do regular exercise
span. 4. Maintain a healthy lifestyle
 According to the psychosocial theories, 5. Practice right hygiene
development is a product of the ongoing 6. Feel confident
interactions between individuals and their
social environments. Puberty

THE PHYSICAL SELF  As part of the natural course of nature,

physical changes become evident at the
 It is a shame for a man to grow old without onset of puberty.
seeing beauty and strength of which his  some changes noticed among the boys are
body is capable. – Socrates their voice gets deeper, hair starts to show
 Physical Self – the body, the concrete and on their faces. This develops into mustache,
tangible part of your self that can be seen as they progress into adulthood.
and examined. This refers to the physical  they experience rapid growth in a span of
features of our body. two to three years.
 Physical Self make up our personal  they attain body maturity when they
appearance or personal characteristics. experience ejaculation, the ejection of
 No one else but you, and you are identified semen through the penis.
as "you" because of them. They are unique  For girls, is when they experienced their
to you ONLY and no other. They make you first menstruation. It is at this stage when
different from all others. Our physical self is they become capable of reproduction.
the first aspect that is noticed in a person.
 As such, many would like to enhance their
physical appearance, their God-given looks.
And that is commendable. They entitled to
that.
 We also need to respect and pay particular
attention to our whole body and being. it is
God's gift to us, with all its natural
features.
 We give value to our physical self because it
is the seat of all other selves. material /
economic self, spiritual self, political self,
sexual self and digital self. As such, we keep
it physically healthy, clean, neat and
beautiful inside out.
 Today, undergoing the procedures.
especially when performed by famous
names in the industry, has become a status
symbol. While there is nothing wrong with
 Related to the study of the Self, it is during and currently applicable to one's attitudes
the late adolescence stage when children, and dispositions.
notice further the changes in their physical  Self Esteem- refers to how much you
self. They become more conscious of how appreciate, value and like yourself. Your
they look, rather than the other aspects of the self-concept affects your self-esteem. what
Self. Sometimes, they are able to adapt to you hear from other people, their influences
the changes, but there are others who find and beliefs, including those of your family,
these changes difficult to accept. contribute to the formation of self-concept
 changes in the Self are affected by the For instance, one may look at
surrounding. Thus, their perception of himself/herself, and may form either
themselves is not only affected by these positive or negative self-esteem of himself
changes in their body, but also by what herself. If one's attitude towards his/her
people say about them, the culture and the physical self is positive, his /her self- esteem
environment where they grew up. is also positive.
 Self-Identity - how you introduce yourself.  With self-confidence, one will be able to
Personal self-identity. examples: stating your express himself herself freely. Thus, people
name, profession, age, birth order, with high self-esteem can establish better
affiliations and etc. work relationship than those with low self-
 Self-Image- refers to the idea one has of esteem, none at all.
his /her abilities, appearance and personality.  It becomes necessary then that one builds his
what do you see? How do you look? What he confidence or self-esteem. This calls for
skills are you capable of doing? All these tell reflection, self-evaluation and self-
of your self- image, the idea that you have knowledge. The philosophy, "know thyself,"
about yourself. and thyself be true," re-affirms this call.
 Self-Concept- a collection and construction Aware of. who he/she is, he she can start
of an individual's thoughts, feelings and liking or appreciating himself/herself. What
beliefs that he/she holds about he/she thinks of himself herself is much
himself/herself and the responses of others more important than what another think of
about him/her. It is active, dynamic and him her.
adaptive. Self-concept differs from self-
Factors Affecting Growth and Development
awareness which refers to the extent to
which self-knowledge is defined, consistent  Heredity is the transmission of physical
characteristics from parents to children
 through their genes. it influences all aspects nurturing and showing good role modelling,
of physical appearance such as height, raising a well-adjusted child is not far
weight, body structures, the color of the eye, behind. The parent's socio-economic status
the texture of the hair and even intelligence is another factor. It can determine many
and aptitudes, Diseases are also passed things about the child's early development,
through the genes, such as diabetes, heart like, I how he views the world, what, how
disease, obesity and more. These genetic much and how often he eats in a day, the
factors can adversely affect the growth of a type of early childhood education he went
child. to, his overall health, or how others view
 Nutrition becomes a vital factor in a child's him. What happens in a child's life between
overall development. Prior to birth, a the ages of two through five, impacts his
mother's diet and overall health plays a role later success or failure in life.
in the child's development. The other is
THE SEXUAL SELF
gender. It plays a factor in cognitive
maturation in that the boys tend to develop  Our
and learn differently from girls. Research sexual
suggests that boys have lower level of self-
school readiness than girls. comprises
 Intelligence, specifically in emotion, means a complex
honestly evaluating and paying attention to set of
how you feel. When you feel a certain schemes
emotion, you do your best to understand and that
explain it. You are aware of how your allows us
actions and emotion impact not only to
yourself, but, other people, as well. understand and express ourselves as sexual
 Environment is observed that a well- beings. We hold self-schemas that pertain to
nurtured child does better than a deprived our sex, gender, sexual orientation, and
one and the environment that they are sexual expression/responses.
constantly immersed in contributes to this.  Sex refers to the biological and
For instance, a good school and a loving physiological characteristics that define men
family, build in them strong social and and women and that constitutes the sex
interpersonal skills, while excelling in categories of male and female. It is
academics and extra- curricular activities. It sometimes, referred to as biological or
is different for children who are raised in assigned sex as it is based on what a person
stressful environment, such as poverty and is endowed by nature or at birth.
broken families.
 (Geographical Influence) Living in an 
exciting community that has parks, libraries G
and community centers for group activities
and sports, all play a role in how much a
child is involved. Unlike those who have
nowhere to go to play, nor have the
opportunity to be with some other children
to go outside often and spend time playing
video games at home, instead of being with
other children and interacting with them.
The world one lives has cultural factors that
help shape the child's thoughts. attitudes and
behavior. Like, in a happy family where the ender, on the other hand, refers to the
father and the mother are loving and attitudes, feelings and behaviors that a given
 culture associates with a person's biological
sex.
 Gender identity is an internal awareness of
where the individual belongs in the feminine
and masculine categories.
 Sexual orientation refers to the direction of
one's sexual and romantic interests.

THE MATERIAL SELF

 The term "material self" refers to our
physical selves as well as the actual places,
things, or things that we identify as "My"
or "Mine."
 It can also refer to our possessions since
every part of an object we own combines
our most significant interests and our innate
preferences.
 The body self, which refers to our physical
body and all of its parts.
 The extra-corporeal self, which is our
extended self and includes all of the people,
places, and things that we consider to be
OURS (Rosenberg, 1979).
Essential Parts of The Material Self
1. our body is of prime importance to us. the message beyond the object itself and about
body needs to be taken care of because if our the person using it.
body is not well, our other selves will suffer.
2. Clothing protects our body from extreme Attachment to our Possessions
temperature. They enhance our physical  Why are some people attached to their
appearance. the first impression of people possessions? Have you noticed how a child
about us is based on the clothes we wear, the is in rage when deprived of the things they
brand, the color and our accessories. own? Piaget found out that it is part of
3. The source of life, the single, the most human nature to develop a sense of
important influence on a child's life. It is ownership and attachment to things one
also signifying love and hopes; it gives the values. This is called endowment fact.
members a sense of purpose and goal. As  For example, we value the award or any
communicated within the family every reward, in recognition of something we have
member strives to live a life in accord with done. So, we would want to keep it. As a
what the family aspire to achieve. child, we keep the things that we received
4. Our home is a source of life it is where our from a significant other, as something
heart is. It is also our sanctuary where we special and memorable. We are also attached
can relax, rest, enjoy life with friends and to family heirloom because of its sense of
family. It is our home where we could be our history and connectedness with someone
real selves, it is our safest refuge, and it is a dear to us in the past. Added to these, we
symbol of our security. keep memorabilia that we received from
Material Possession significant people whom we value, admire
and idolize in our life.
 Material Possession are the physical items
and belongings we hold on to. The Spiritual Self
 We live in a fast-paced society where  The spiritual self is another dimension of
shopping malls abound and sales are held the self. It is personal to each of us. We pay
the whole year round, offering all sorts of more attention to other selves, like physical
items at a much-discounted price. Most and material, the spiritual self is the least
people are willing to submit themselves to explored. That is because we focus more on
these allurements. and they become our physical realities, rather than on the
materialistic. Commercialism and spiritual.
consumerism have successfully created in  The word inspiration keeps us going, living
us the desire to acquire more, to update and a more positive life and motivates us to
upgrade our gadgets, and to buy more to move on. The word soul goes to heaven or
keep up with the trends. hell when we die, and our body will be
 In the process of acquiring material buried or cremated and this idea is purported
possessions, smart consumers consider their by Bob Mangroo.
capacity to buy and their economic self-  The terms spirituality and religiosity are
sufficiency. According to Roland Barthes often times used interchangeably but one is
(1915–1988), a French critical theorist, the distinct from the other. Let us clarify this
first thing to observe is the relationship that distinction.
people have with objects. According to him,
 Spirituality is a universal human experience
a sign has two elements: the signifier,
that encompasses various aspects of life.
referring to its physical form, and the
Some view it as a sacred, transcendent
signified, referring to one’s mental concept
experience, while others view it as an
about the object and its effect on him. He
awareness of being alive and how one lives
also said that an object, such as signs or
their life. Some view their spiritual life as
things, could be decoded to convey a
deeply connected to their association with a
church, temple, mosque, organization, or
 person, where they see their worth and real  The first aspect is spirituality emphasizes
value in life. Others see their life value as a the idea of meaning and purposes that go
personal relationship with their God, beyond physical realities of life. The idea
realizing that they are nothing without God. helps us understand why we go through
Some view their spiritual life as alive in art difficult situations and why such happen to
or profession, as seen in retired teachers who us. It makes us realize that things happen for
find joy and fulfillment in teaching. a reason and they have a purpose. Having
 These individuals view spirituality this in mind, we become more enlightened
according to how they adjust to their and inspired and more appreciative of the
experiences and relationships. Spirituality experience.
may be connected to larger questions about  The second is spirality allows us to build
life and identity, such as whether one is a connections to other people, nature and to
good person, why they face difficulties, and the sacred and divine Our spirituality sto
whether they are worth their sacrifices. sitopine priveaude it practice the appropriate
 To Christina Puchalski (2014), MD, behavior towards others. Sunality makes us
Director, Division of the South Wales kind comoderate of outs, it encourages us to
Institute for Spirituality & Health, live out the gift of the Spirit in us, namely
spirituality is the aspect of humanity that prudence, kindness, counsel, fortitude
refers to the way individuals seek and wisdom, piety and fear of the Lord. All these
express meaning and purpose of the way are a reflection of our core values.
they experience their connectedness to the  The third aspect of spirituality that we can
moment, the self, to others, to nature and to deduce is that spirituality suggests
the significant or sacred. sacredness and transcendence. It is the
 To Beauregard and O'Leary, (2007), quality of being concerned with the human
spirituality is any experience that is thought spirit of soul. It is a broad concept that
to bring the experiences into contact with the includes a sense of connection to something
Divine. But it is not just ANY experience bigger than us.
that feels meaningful, it is one that is  According to Sherkat (2015), Religion is a
beyond the ordinary: one that puts some trait that both individuals and groups
meaning into one's life. exhibit that demonstrates different aspects of
 Another definition of spirituality refers to their supernatural beliefs. It describes the
the dimension that is in harmony with the ways in which people and social groups act
universe and strives for answers about the in a way that is connected to a greater being.
infinite that comes into focus when a person It is a phrase used to characterize the level to
faces emotional stress (Murray & Zenter, which religion enters different areas of
2015) public life and impacts societies. Generally
 Spirituality is not innate in us, meaning, speaking, it has to do with the degree to
we were not born with it. It is developed and which a specific religious concept integrates
acquired through our personal. into a traditions belief system and customs,
environmental and/or social exposures and wherein agreement exists regarding what is
experiences. Our spirituality is often times accepted as true.
expressed through our religious practices  Religiosity is defined by Sherkat (2015) as
which explains why it is sometimes a characteristic of individuals and
confused with religiosity. While spirituality collectivities that display various features of
may incorporate elements of religion, beliefs about the supernatural. It refers to
spirituality is not the same as religiosity. how individuals and social groups engage in
a behavior related to the Higher Beings.
The definitions reveal the aspects of Macayan, et al, (2018) said religiosity refers
spirituality to adherence to a belief system and practices
associated with a tradition in which there is
 agreement about what is believed and  In school, mental health wellbeing may be
practiced. imbibed by the students by their teachers
 This includes proscriptions of a particular and from vision, mission, goals and the core
church, like manner of dressing when values of school.
attending church activities, obligatory
contributions for the support of their church,
observance of feasts and rituals, even in the
choice of hairstyle, and foods to be eaten or
not eaten.
 Religiosity is communal, where people
express their beliefs and values, their
commitment and conservatism and even,
their skepticism in communities.
 We see distinctions between spirituality and
religiosity. Spirituality answers questions
that are related to your inner consciousness.
Religiosity on the other hand leads to
questions that help you with your practices
in your religion.
 We are aware that different churches have
different ways of expressing their beliefs
and values in participating in religious
communities.
 The practice of religion can even be seen
outside of church—places like schools,
workplace, even prisons and platforms like
the media.
 Through these, we are taking part in the
community and establishing relationships
with people who have the same values as
you.
 Our spirituality supports us in leading
focused, balanced lives that promote mental
health and wellbeing. Living this style of life
makes us conscious of the decisions,
attitudes, and deeds we commit to. We lead
modest, balanced lives. Our spiritual journey
will lead us to prioritize the fundamentals
and necessary over the sacred and
transcendent. We can live more peacefully
and reach our full potential in such a state.
 Spirituality is part of our natural process of
self-development. In home, children can
imbibe spirituality from their parents by the
positive and nurturing relationship
experienced from them and through social
orientation parents provide them with to
serve as a solid foundation of their healthy
spiritual life.
Psychosocial Stages
Psychosexual Stages (Illustration to better understand)