Force - A Push or A Pull: Pulling, Lifting, Stretching, Twisting and Pressing

Force -A Push or a Pull
When a push or pull is applied to an object it is

called force.
Aforce can change the state of an object from rest

to motion or vice versa.
The direction in which the object is pushed or pulled

is called the direction of the force.
We use forces in everyday actions like pushing,

pulling, lifting, stretching, twisting and pressing.
Forces are due to an Interaction
Interaction of one object with another object results

in a force between the two objects. At least two
objects must interact for a force to come into play.
If both the objects are capable of applying force on

each other, then the interaction between them can
be 'pushing' or 'pulling'.
Exploring Forces
Force has magnitude as well as direction.
The strength of a force is expressed by its

magnitude. When two forces act on an object, then
either the forces act in the same direction or in
opposite direction.
When two forces act in the same direction, the net
resultant force on an object is the sum of these two
forces.
When two forces act in opposite directions the

resultant force is the difference between these two
forces. The force has a magnitude that describes its
strength.
The force always has a direction in which it is

applied and a measure of its strength or magnitude.
The effects of a force may alter when the direction

of the magnitude of the force is changed.
The effect of more than one force being applied on
an object is calculated by evaluating the net force
acting on that object.
If two forces are actingupon each other having

equal magnitudes (strength) and in opposite
directions then the net force acting on the object
will be zero.
Force can bringdifferent effects to an object's

position, size and shape.
F=m >X a
F= Force
m= mass of object
a =acceleration
The Sl unit of force is Newton (N).

A Force can Change the State of Motior
An object is said to be in motion if it is movingat a

certain speed in a particular direction.
If the object is at rest, it means that it is not

changingits position with respect to an observing
point. Hence it has zero speed.
When the object starts moving it means that its

position is being changed with respect to an
observation point.
Inorder to move an object from one place to

another, a force is required to bring that object in
motion.
Force pushing truck
Forcecan Change the Shape of an
Object
Aforce on an object may change its shape.

Example -When we press a rubber ball with our
hands, its shape changes.
The shape of the dough changes on pressing with a

rollingpin to make chapattis as force is applied to it.
The shape of a toothpaste tube changes when we

squeeze it because we apply force while squeezing
it.
Contact Forces
On the basis of the nature of the interaction

between two or more objects, forces can be
classified as:
" Contact forces

" Non-contact forces
Contact forces Non-contact forces
These kinds of These kinds of forces are

forces are applied applied when the objects do
only when two or not come in contact with
more objects come each other and yet are
in contact with each exerting a force upon each
other. other.
Example: Muscular Example: Magnetic Force,

Force, Frictional Gravitational Force,
Force Electrostatic Force
Contact Forces: A force that can be exerted by an
object on another object only through physical
touching iscalled a contact force.
Muscular force and frictional force are examples of

contact forces.
Muscular force: The force that comes into play

because of the action of muscles is called muscular
force.
For example:
"Human beings use muscular force in order to

walk.
" The expansion and contraction of the lungs
are because of muscular force.
FrictionalForce: It is the force that is exerted by the

surface over an object whenever the object moves
on the surface.
Air Resistance: Whenever an object moves or flies
in the air, it experiences a force called air
resistance.
Thrust
Air resistance
Gravity
Non-contact Forces
Non-contact Forces: A force that can be exerted by

an object on another object even from a distance is
called a non-contact force. Examples of non
contact forces are magnetic force, electrostatic
force, and gravitational force.
Magnetic Force:
" The force exerted by any magnetic object is

called magnetic force.
We know that like magnetic poles always
repel each other, that is, they push each other
away.
" Also,opposite magnetic poles always attract
each other, that is,they pull each other
towards themselves.
Green Arrows Indicate Magnetic Forces
Attraction Repulsion Rotation

Electrostatic Force
Repulsion Repulsion Neutral Attraction
The force exerted by acharged particle is

called electrostatic force.
" We know that like charges always repel or
push each other away.
" Similarly,opposite charges always attract or
pulleach other towards themselves.
Gravitational force: The pull exerted by objects

possessing mass is called gravitational force. The
gravitational force between the sun and the earth
holds the earth in its orbit around the
Gravitational force is also called the force of gravity

or gravity that acts upon all the objects that are
present on or near the arth's surface.

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Force -A Push or a Pull

When a push or pull is applied to an object it is

Aforce can change the state of an object from rest

The direction in which the object is pushed or pulled

We use forces in everyday actions like pushing,

Interaction of one object with another object results

If both the objects are capable of applying force on

Force has magnitude as well as direction.

The strength of a force is expressed by its

When two forces act in opposite directions the

The force always has a direction in which it is

The effects of a force may alter when the direction

If two forces are actingupon each other having

Force can bringdifferent effects to an object's

The Sl unit of force is Newton (N).

An object is said to be in motion if it is movingat a

If the object is at rest, it means that it is not

When the object starts moving it means that its

Inorder to move an object from one place to

Aforce on an object may change its shape.

The shape of the dough changes on pressing with a

The shape of a toothpaste tube changes when we

On the basis of the nature of the interaction

" Contact forces

Contact forces Non-contact forces

These kinds of These kinds of forces are

Example: Muscular Example: Magnetic Force,

Muscular force and frictional force are examples of

Muscular force: The force that comes into play

"Human beings use muscular force in order to

FrictionalForce: It is the force that is exerted by the

Non-contact Forces: A force that can be exerted by

" The force exerted by any magnetic object is

Green Arrows Indicate Magnetic Forces

Attraction Repulsion Rotation

Repulsion Repulsion Neutral Attraction

The force exerted by acharged particle is

Gravitational force: The pull exerted by objects

Gravitational force is also called the force of gravity

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