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    Algal Classification by Lee

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    Sunistha Naskar
    The document summarizes Robert Edward Lee's classification system for algae from 1989. It outlines four evolutionary groups that algae are divided into based on features like chloroplast structure, pigments, and flagella. Each group is further divided into divisions and classes. Key characteristics of major divisions are also compared in a table.

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    Algal Classification by Lee

    Uploaded by

    Sunistha Naskar
    78 views5 pages
    The document summarizes Robert Edward Lee's classification system for algae from 1989. It outlines four evolutionary groups that algae are divided into based on features like chloroplast structure, pigments, and flagella. Each group is further divided into divisions and classes. Key characteristics of major divisions are also compared in a table.

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    Classification of algae by Lee 1989

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    The document summarizes Robert Edward Lee's classification system for algae from 1989. It outlines four evolutionary groups that algae are divided into based on features like chloroplast structure, pigments, and flagella. Each group is further divided into divisions and classes. Key characteristics of major divisions are also compared in a table.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    78 views5 pages

    Algal Classification by Lee

    Uploaded by

    Sunistha Naskar
    The document summarizes Robert Edward Lee's classification system for algae from 1989. It outlines four evolutionary groups that algae are divided into based on features like chloroplast structure, pigments, and flagella. Each group is further divided into divisions and classes. Key characteristics of major divisions are also compared in a table.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    lOMoARcPSD|40666383

    Algal classification by Lee

    botany (Mahatma Gandhi University)

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    BOTANY (H) 1st SEMESTER


    Date : 06.12.2020

    CC 1 : PHYCOLOGY
    UNIT – 4
    Algae
    (Part 6)

    Classification of Algae by Robert Edward Lee (1989) :


    Robert Edward Lee classified the algae into four evolutionary groups, 15 divisions
    and classes based on the evolutionary features. (“Phycology” by R. E. Lee, 1989, 2nd Edn.)

    The basis of classification includes :

    a. Presence or absence of proper chloroplast,


    b. Nature of ribosomes,
    c. Content of primary photosynthetic pigment,
    d. Presence or absence of phycobilliproteins,
    e. Number of the membrane of chloroplast and its nature,
    f. Type of reserve food material,
    g. Number of flagella and their position.

    The classification is as follows –

    Group 1. Prokaryotic algae.

    The prokaryotic algae have outer plasma membrane enclosing protoplasm –

    (i) Containing photosynthetic thylakoids,


    (ii) 70s ribosomes,
    (iii)DNA fibrils not enclosed within a separated membrane,
    (iv) Chlorophyll a is the main photosynthetic pigment.

    They are further classified into –

    I. Division. Cyanophyta : Chlorophyll a; phycobiliproteins.

    II. Division. Prochlorophyta : Chlorophyll a and b; no phycobiliproteins.

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    Group 2. Eukaryotic algae with chloroplast surrounded only by the two membranes of the
    chloroplast envelope.

    They are further classified into –

    I. Division. Glaucophyta : algae that represent an intermediate position in the


    evolution of chloroplast; photosynthesis is carried out by modified
    endosymbiotic blue-green algae.

    II. Division. Rhodophyta : Chlorophyll a and b; phycobilliproteins; no


    flagellated cells; storage product is Floridean starch.

    III. Division. Chlorophyta : Chlorophyll a and b; storage product is starch.

    Group 3. Eukaryotic algae with chloroplast surrounded by one membrane of chloroplast


    endoplasmic reticulum.

    They are further classified into –

    I. Division. Euglenophyta : Chlorophyll a and b; one flagellum with a spiraled


    row of fibrillar hairs; proteinaceous pellicle in strips under the plasma
    membrane; storage product is paramylon; characteristic type of cell division.

    II. Division. Dinophyta : Chlorophyll a and c1; cell commonly divides into an
    epicone and a hypocone by a girdle; helical transverse flagellum.

    Group 4. Eukaryotic algae with chloroplast surrounded by two membranes of chloroplast


    endoplasmic reticulum.

    They are further classified into –

    I. Division. Cryptoophyta : Chlorophyll a and c; phycobilliproteins.

    II. Division. Crysophyta : Chlorophyll a and c1 and sometimes c2; fucoxanthin;


    anterior tinsel and posterior whiplash flagella; storage product chrysolaminarin
    is found in vesicles of cytoplasm.

    III. Division. Prymnesiophyta : Chlorophyll a, c1 and c2; fucoxanthin; two


    whiplash flagella; storage product chrysolaminarin is found in vesicles of
    cytoplasm.

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    IV. Division. Bacillariophyta : Chlorophyll a, c1 and c2; fucoxanthin; one


    posterior tinsel flagellum on sperm; storage product chrysolaminarin is found
    in vesicles of cytoplasm.

    V. Division. Xanthophyta : Eye-spot in chloroplast; Chlorophyll a and c;


    anterior tinsel and posterior whiplash flagellum.

    VI. Division. Eustigmatophyta : Eye-spot outside chloroplast; Chlorophyll a;


    anterior tinsel and posterior whiplash flagellum (commonly reduced).

    VII. Division. Raphidophyta : Chlorophyll a and c; anterior tinsel and posterior


    whiplash flagellum.

    VIII. Division. Phaeophyta : Chlorophyll a, c1 and c2; fucoxanthin; anterior tinsel


    and posterior whiplash flagellum; storage product chrysolaminarin is found in
    vesicles of cytoplasm.

    Table : First appearance of algae in the geological time scale

    Era Period Epoch Million years ago First appearance of algal fossil
    Quaternary Holocene
    Pleistocene 1.8
    Tertiary Pliocene 5.5
    Cenozoic
    Miocene 25.0 Xanthophyta
    Oligocene 36.0
    Eocene 53.5 Euglenophyta
    Palaeocene 65.0
    Mesozoic Cretaceous 135 Chrysophyta
    Jurassic 205
    Triassic 245 Bacillariophyta
    Permian 290 Prymnesiophyta
    Paleozoic
    Carboniferous 380
    Devonian 430
    Stonewarts
    Silurian 460
    (Chlorophyta)
    Ordovician 530
    Cambrian 610
    Cyanophyta
    Precambrian Proterozoic 3000 Rhodophyta
    Chlorophyta

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    Characteristics Cyanophyceae Rhodophyceae Chlorophyceae Bacillariophyceae Xanthophyceae Pheophyceae


    Cell structure Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic
    Cell wall Mainly Inner layer Mainly cellulosic Mainly silica and Cellulosic. Inner layer
    mucopeptide and cellulosic and and pectic material. pectic material. cellulosic and
    muramic acid outer pectic. outer layer
    consists of alginic
    and fusinic acid.
    Flagella Non-flagellate. Non-flagellate. Motile cells have 2, Motile cells have 1 Motile forms Motile forms
    4 or more flagella, or sometimes 2 have 2 flagella, have 2 flagella,
    whiplash type and tinsel type and unequal, 1 tinsel unequal, 1 tinsel
    anteriorly inserted. anteriorly inserted. and 1whiplash. and 1whiplash,
    laterally inserted.
    Green pigments Chlorophyll a. Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll a and
    d. b. c. and e. c.
    Other pigments c-phycocyanin r-phycocyanin, r- ɑ and β-carotene, β-carotene, β-carotene and β-carotene,
    (blue), c- phycoerythrin, ɑ and xanthophylls. xanthophylls xanthophylls. xanthophylls
    phycoerythrin and β-carotene, (fucoxanthin). (fucoxanthin).
    (red), β-carotene, xanthophylls
    myxoxanthin, (lutein,
    myxoxanthophyll. tetraxanthin etc.).
    Nature of nucleus Nuclear Nucleus well Nucleus well Nucleus well Nucleus well Nucleus well
    membrane and organized and organized and organized and organized and organized and
    nucleolus absent. chromosome chromosome chromosome chromosome chromosome
    DNA is not formed during formed during cell formed during cell formed during formed during
    associated with cell division. division. division. cell division. cell division.
    histones, thereby
    chromosomes are
    not formed.
    Stored food Cyanophycean Floridean starch. Starch and fat. Oil, volutin, Oil, lipid and Laminarin,
    starch and chrysolaminarin. lucosin. mannitol and
    cyanophycean sucrose.
    protein.

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