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Key vocabulary
• lawyer- იურისტი • attorney- ადვოკატი (In USA) {ზოგადი} There are two types of lawyer who practise in England. They are called barristers and solicitors. In the USA and most other countries a lawyer is simply known as an attorney at law, or an attorney. • qualified- კვალიფიცირებული • litigation- სამართალწარმოება • right of audience- აუდიტორიის უფლება • practise- პრაქტიკა, ვარჯიში • judge- მოსამართლე • legal practice- სამართლებრივი პრაქტიკა • advocacy- ადვოკატირება • appear- გამოჩენა • barristers- ადვოკატთა • training contract- სასწავლო ხელშეკრულება • partnership- პარტნიორობა • pleading a case- საქმის აღძვრა • solicitors- ადვოკატების Most law students in England become solicitors. When they finish their university studies they do a one year legal practice course and then a two-year training contract with a law firm. After that, they are qualified solicitors. each solicitor usually chooses to specialise in one particular area. They represent their clients both in and out of court. • law firm- იურიდიული ფირმა • acting for- მოქმედი (საქმის წარმართვა სასამართლოზე) • represent- წარმოდგენს • specialise- სპეციალიზაცია • clients- კლიენტები • Claim- სარჩელი (filling a claim, issuing a claim, starting proceedings) • Claimant- მოსარჩელე (plaintiff until 1999 in UK but In USA they still use it)
criminal law - the law that punishes acts against a person or against property that people consider to be harmful to the whole community. The state prosecutes criminals. civil law - the law concerning the rights and duties of private individuals and companies rather than criminal matters. a matter - a subject or situation, e.g. a criminal matter, a civil matter. a will - a legal document in which a person gives details of what they want to happen to their property after their death. to steal (stole) - to take something that belongs to someone else with the intention of keeping it. to be in dispute - to have a serious disagreement with another person. (დავაში ყოფნა) a party to a court case - the claimant or the defendant. to owe money to someone - to have to pay someone for something that they have done for you or given to you. legal costs - the court fees and payment for the lawyer who is acting for you. a procedure - a decided way of doing something. to prosecute - to take legal action against someone in the criminal court.
To issue a claim means to- start a claim in the civil court.
a) To pay a fee means to- pay the court an amount of money for issuing the claim. b) To serve a claim upon someone means to- send the claim to the defendant's address and make sure that he or she receives it. c) To respond to a claim means to- confirm that you have received the claim and to say what you will do next. d) To hear a case means to- listen to the details of the claim and listen to what the claimant and the defendant say about their dispute. e) To find in favour of someone means to- decide that this person has won the case. f) To give a judgment means to- officially announce the result of the case. The judge may give the reasons for the decision. g) To make an order means to- officially state what someone has to do, and how and when he or she must do it. h) A bailiff is a person who- can legally take a person's property when that person does not pay money that he or she owes.
Key vocabulary • law of tort- სამართალდარღვევის კანონი • injured person- დაშავებული პირი • allegations- ბრალდებები • carelessness- გაუფრთხილებლობა • committed- ჩადენილი • negligence- დაუდევრობა • tort- სამართალდარღვევა • to sue- ჩივილი • no win-no fee- თუ გამარჯვება არა გადასახადიც არა • damages- ზიანის ანაზღაურება (კომპეტენცია) • grounds- საფუძველი • breach- დარღვევა • deliberately- განძრახ • compensation- კომპესაცია • drafting- შედგენა • based in- the place where you live or do most of your work.
to deal with someone or something – to do business with someone or to take
the correct action in an area of work. legal – allowed by the law. valid – legally correct and acceptable. to draft a document - to write a document. to have a right – (in intellectual property law) to have a legal interest in something; it is yours. robber – a person who steals money or property using or threatening to use violence. a divorce – the legal ending of a marriage. to merge – (in company law) when two companies join together to form one. to be based somewhere – to be established somewhere as the main place where you work or live. goods – things that are produced so that they can be sold. fund – an amount of money that a person or organisation keeps to pay for something in particular.
unfair dismissal- უსამართლო გათავისუფლება
lease of land and buildings- მიწის იჯარა და შენობები lease -იჯარა formation of a business- ბიზნესის ფორმირება landlord- მემამულე maternity leave- დეკრეტული შვებულება discriminate- დისკრიმინაცია tenant- მოიჯარე capital- კაპიტალი sick pay- ავადმყოფობის ანაზღაურება insolvent- გადახდისუუნარო conveyancing- გადაცემა (მაგ: უძრავი ქონების) redundancy- ზედმეტობა partnership- პარტნიორობა merger- შერწყმა real estate- უძრავი ქონება
ownership – to have ownership of a property means that the property belongs
to you. You are the owner of the property. assets – things that a person or company owns. debts – sums of money that you owe. rent – the money that someone pays, usually every month, to use a flat, a house or an office that belongs to someone else. fixed – something that is fixed is certain and cannot be changed.
important areas of law:
law of contract- ხელშეკრულების სამართალი/ კანონი company law- კომპანიის სამართალი land law- მიწის სამართალი law of tort- დელიქტური სამართალი law of equity and trusts- სამართლიანობისა და ნდობის კანონი employment law- შრომის სამართალი family law- საოჯახო სამართალი immigration law- საიმიგრაციო კანონი intellectual property law- ინტელექტუალური საკუთრების სამართალი criminal law- სისხლის სამართალი
THE IMPORTANCE OF COLLOCATION
to draft a contract Good collocation: to honour a contract to breach a contract
to write a contract Bad collocation: to respect a contract to infringe a contract
Collocation bank to draft a contract to honour a contract to breach a contract to qualify as a lawyer to act for a client to sit as a judge to gain some experience to issue a claim to take an exam to make a will a breach of contract to be made redundant to pass information to suffer a loss to set up a business to run a business to draft an agreement to claim damages
Preposition bank an attorney at law ‘My daughter is an attorney at law in Atlanta.’ to work on something ‘I’m currently working on a merger agreement.’ to send a cheque for an amount of money ‘Please send a cheque for £2000.’ subject to something ‘The goods are for sale at this price subject to availability.’ to be known as something ‘They are known as barristers.’ to qualify as something ‘She qualified as a lawyer two years ago.’ to go into partnership with someone ‘He is going to go into partnership with his brother.’ to specialise in something ‘Tom specialises in commercial litigation.’ to work in a business ‘He works in a law firm but she works in a bank.’ to preside over a case ‘The insurance case has started and Judge Mortimer is presiding over it.’ to import goods from another country ‘She imported her car from Belgium.’ to import goods into a country ‘She imported her car into England.’ to take care over/with something ‘Please take care over/with that document because it is very important.’ to deal with something or someone ‘Could you please deal with Mr Jones for me as I am busy this morning?’ to pass information between two people or among a group of people ‘Once the confidential information had passed between the two of them, it was known among the whole group in the office in just a few days.’ to be married to someone ‘She has been married to Peter for seven years.’ to be on full pay ‘The company suspended him from work on full pay.’
A Simple Guide for Drafting of Conveyances in India : Forms of Conveyances and Instruments executed in the Indian sub-continent along with Notes and Tips
A Simple Guide for Drafting of Conveyances in India : Forms of Conveyances and Instruments executed in the Indian sub-continent along with Notes and Tips
