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10
English
Quarter 4 -Module 5:
Expanding
Definitions of Words
English – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 5: Expanding Definitions of Words
First Edition, 2020

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E-mail Address: [email protected]

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 10

English
Quarter 4 - Module 5:
Expanding
Definitions of Words

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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue
your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are
carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by- step as you
discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell
you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or
your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module,
you need to answer the post-test to self- check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our
facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-
based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use
a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully
before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the English 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Expanding Definitions of Words!
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict
skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in
this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve
the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your
own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of
the learning resource while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the module.
This part includes an activity that aims to check what
you already know about the lesson to take. If you get
What I Know all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip
this module.
What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the
current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to

you in various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a
problem opener, an activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson.
This aims to help you discover and understand new
What is It concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent practice to
What’s More
solidify your understanding and skills of the topic.
You may check the answers to the exercises using the
Answer Key at the end of the module.
What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to
be filled into process what you learned from the
lesson.

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 This section provides an activity which will help you
What I Can Do transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.
Assessment
This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of
mastery in achieving the learning competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to you to

enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned.
This also tends retention of learned concepts.
Answer Key
This contains answers to all activities in the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use
a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you as you
write your research report or research paper wherein you need to discuss more than just a
dictionary meaning of words. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the
order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now
using.

Competency: EN10V-IIIa-13.9 Give expanded definitions of words

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the parts of a definition;
2. determine the different techniques of expanded definition; and,
3. use a variety of techniques in expanding definitions of words.

What I Know

Task 1: Pre-test

Directions: Read each item carefully. Then, answer the questions that follow by writing
the letter of the correct answer on your separate answer sheet.

1. What technique of expanding definition explains the origin of the word itself?
A. Example B. Etymology C. History D. Negation

2. The following are the three parts of a definition except one:

A. Term to define B. Class
C. Distinguishing Characteristics D. Part of speech

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 3. The technique showing how a word has been defined throughout history is .
A. example B. etymology C. history D. negation

4. The technique using a word that creates a picture in the reader's mind so that the
reader might relate through memory of sound, sight, touch, hearing, or smell.
A. Environment sector B. Evoking the senses
C. Historical references D. Listing and describing the parts

5. - 7. In the given definition, underline the term being defined, the class, and, the
distinguishing characteristic then label each.

Physics is a science that deals with matter and energy and their interactions.

In the following definitions, tell whether each is Formal definition, Informal

definition or Expanded definition. Write your answer before the number.

8. Comic books are sequential and narrative publications consisting of

illustrations, captions, dialogs balloons and often focus on super-powered heroes.

9. Freedom also referred to as liberty or independence, is a state people

reach when they are free to think and do whatever they please.

10. Give your own definition of the word love emphasizing the three parts of it.

11-12.Give your own informal definitions of the following:

Friendship
Responsibility

13-14. Give formal definitions for each word: Success

Education

15. Give an expanded definition of “child abuse”.

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 Lesson Giving Expanded
1 Definitions

What’s In

Task 2: Define it!

Directions: Study the following words below. Then, be able to Write your answer on your answer sheet.
define them.
Algorithm
Computer memory
Reservoir rock
Influenza
Freedom
Equality
Bullying
Economic Instability
Family
Love

What’s New
Directions: Interpret the words by filling up the boxes and taking hint from the
definitions
Task 3: Box in Concepts
each item.

1) Latin Middle English: via Old French from Latin librarian ‘bookstore’,
feminine (used as a noun) of libraries relating to the books; from libre,
- libr- ‘book-

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 2) An educational institution designed to provide learning spaces and learning
environments for the teaching of students under the direction of teachers.

3) The writing slate was in use in Indian schools in the 11th century
mentioned in Alberuni’s Indica (Tarikh Al- Hind), written in the early 11th
century: They used black tablets for the children in the schools and write upon
them along the long side, not the broadside, writing with a white material from the
left to the right.

4) This can be classified as the type of time display, as well as by the

method of timekeeping.

What Is It

What is definition?

A definition is a statement of the meaning of a term (a word, phrase, or other set of symbols).

The purpose of a definition is to explain the meaning of a term which may be obscure
or difficult by the use of terms that are commonly understood and whose meanings are clear.

There are three parts in a definition, the term to define, the class and the
distinguishing characteristics.

What is an expanded definition?

An expanded definition is one or more paragraphs that attempt to explain a complex

term. Some terms maybe so important in your writing or

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report. There may be so much confusion about them or they may be so difficult to understand
that an expanded discussion is important for the success of your report. It starts with a full
definition of a term that is one sentence definition and then expands to at least one paragraph
long or more.

Full definition of a term

EXPANDED DEFINITION

Here is an example of a full definition:

Pattern I

Carbohydrates are a food group including sugars, starches, and cellulose.

Terms Class Distinguishing

Characteristics

In this particular definition, we actually follow a certain pattern (that is: the term to
define, the general class to which the term belongs and the distinguishing
characteristics which separates the term from the other member of the same class.

Pattern II

A food group including sugars, starches, and cellulose are carbohydrates.

Class Distinguishing Terms

Characteristics

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Full definition

Carbohydrates are a food group including sugars, starches, and cellulose.

Carbohydrates can also be defined chemically as neutral compounds of carbo, hydrogen and
oxygen. The body breaks down most sugars and starches into glucose, a simple sugar that the
body can use to feed its cells. Dietary intake of complex carbohydrates can lower blood
cholesterols when they are substituted for saturated fat.

Expanded Definition

One of the first things to do when you write an expanded definition is to compose the
formal sentence definition of the term you are writing about. An extended definition is a
piece of writing that consists of one or more paragraphs whose purpose is to define a
particular term.

The structure of an extended definition

A one-paragraph extended definition may begin with a sentence definition which acts
as a topic sentence, followed by a supporting part that explains, describes, or develops the
main idea given in the topic sentence.

Ways of using expanded definitions:

1. Expanding by Giving an Example
2. Expanding by Comparing and Contrasting
3. Expanding by Describing a Process

Three Types of Definitions

Formal Definitions

A formal definition consists of three parts: the term, the part of

speech to which it belongs, such as a noun or a verb, and all the traits or characteristics that
are specific to that term. The dictionary is filled with formal definitions, but it is not the only
place where you will find them. Writers often include formal definitions when they are
writing about something that may be unfamiliar to their readers. In textbooks, you may find
the formal definition of terms listed at the beginning, at the end of a chapter, or in the
glossary, which is a mini-dictionary of terms relevant to that text.

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Formal definition example:
Term: freedom
Part of speech: noun
Definition: The power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants
without hindrance or restraint.

Example: Freedom is the power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants without hindrance
or restraint.

Informal Definitions

In an informal definition, the writer uses known words or examples to explain an

unknown term. These definitions may be synonyms or antonyms introduced by or, in other
words, or like.

Informal definition example:

Freedom, also referred to as liberty or independence, is a state people reach
when they are free to think and do whatever they please.

Expanded/Extended Definitions

Extended definitions generally have components of both informal and formal

definitions. However, as the name suggests, the author uses a number of other techniques to
define a word, concept, or phrase, including the following:

1. Listing and describing the parts: identifying smaller, more familiar pieces
of an idea to point to the definition of the bigger concept.
2. Etymology: sharing a word's origin.
3. Examples or anecdotes: telling a story or example that illustrates the term.
4. Negation: defining a term by explaining what the concept is not.
5. Evoking the senses: using a word that creates a picture in the reader's
mind so that the reader might relate through memory of sound, sight, touch,
hearing, or smell.
6. Environment or sector: pointing out how and where something is used.
7. Ramifications: showing how the term or concept affects people or objects.
8. Historical references: showing how a word has been defined
throughout history.

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 What’s More

Task 4: Read to Achieve!

A. Directions: Read the expanded definition of freedom comprehensively and identify
the techniques used by the author in every expansion given.

To our colonial forefathers, freedom meant having a voice in their government.

The Revolutionary War was a last resort against an empire that continued to tax its
colonists without the representation of the colonists in Parliament. Since the United States
won the right to rule itself, our country has been referred to as "the land of the free and
the home of the brave." True freedom means the ability to think, feel, say, or act however
one chooses. It is a state where the bars of bondage do not exist. Unfortunately, the
widening gap between the haves and have nots means that some are now shackled by
their lack of education. Americans can attain real freedom when everyone has the same
educational opportunities.

1. The phrase, “to our colonial forefathers,” gives clue as to what technique is
used by the author for the definition of the word, “freedom”.
A. example C. historical reference
B. negation D. listing parts

2. Since the United States won the right to rule itself, our country has been referred to as
"the land of the free and the home of the brave." What technique is used in the
underlined and quoted expanded definition for freedom?
A. example C. historical reference
B. negation D. listing parts

3. “True freedom means the ability to think, feel, say, or act however one
chooses.” What technique do the underlined words show us?
A. example C. historical reference
B. negation D. listing parts

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4. “It is a state where the bars of bondage do not exist.” What word in this
definition tells us that the technique used by the auth is negation?
A. bars B. bondage C. exist D. not

5. “Unfortunately, the widening gap between the haves and have nots means
that some are now shackled by their lack of education. “
The word “shackled” creates a picture on the reader’s mind. What
technique is used in this expanded definition?

A. example C. historical reference

B. evoking the senses D. listing parts

B. Directions: Read the following definitions comprehensively and tell whether each
one is formal, informal, or extended definition. The term being defined appears as
bold.

6. When my friend Katrice was young, she disobeyed her parents near Christmas. I don't
recall the crime, but I do recall the consequence. When she woke up on Christmas
morning, there were no presents for her under the tree from "Santa Claus." To make
matters worse, she had to watch her younger siblings open all their presents in front of
her. Santa did not come for Katrice that year because she was on the "naughty list."
While her parents may well still stand by their decision, Katrice maintains that she
was the victim of cruel and unusual punishment. I tend to agree, as it seems that the
consequences were too drastic for any child, no matter how naughty she may have
been.

Answer:

7. Many prisoners of war have been victims of cruel and unusual punishment; people
were shocked and horrified when they learned of the water torture, temperature
extremes, and sensory overloads that the prisoners were subjected to.
Answer:

8. The Cornell University Law School website defines cruel and unusual punishment
(noun) as "punishment that is extremely excessive in relation to the crime, shocking to
ordinary sensibilities, or equivalent to torture."
Answer:

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 C. In this particular definition, we actually follow a certain pattern (that is: the term to
define, the general class to which the term belongs and the distinguishing
characteristics which separates the term from the other member of the same class.
Rewrite the following patterns to come up with a full definition of words or terms.

Global warming refers to climate change that causes an

increase in the average temperature of the lower atmosphere.

9. Term being defined: Global warming

General Class: climate change
Distinguishing Characteristics: causes an increase in the average temperature of
the lower atmosphere.

Answer -Full definition: .

Distinguishing Characteristics: causes an increase in the average

temperature of the lower atmosphere.

10. In this definition, identify the three parts by identifying the term to define, the class,
and the distinguishing characteristics. Copy the definition on your answer sheet and
label the three parts by underlining each.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly

discovered coronavirus.

What I Have Learned

Task 5: Complete Me!

1) An expanded definition is one or more paragraphs that attempt to explain a term.

2) There are three ways of expanding definitions; expanding by giving

; expanding by , and, expanding by
.

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 3) The three types of definitions are ,
, and .

4) In an informal definition, the writer uses known words or examples to explain an

term. These definitions may be synonyms or antonyms introduced by or, in other words,
or like.

5) Expanded/Extended definitions generally have informal

of both and formal
definitions.

6. The following are the techniques the author use to define a word, concept, or phrase:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

What I Can Do
Task 6

Directions: Give expanded definitions of the following words using any of the techniques
discussed. These are again, the techniques in giving definitions for your guide:
1. Listing and describing the parts
2. Etymology
3. Examples or anecdotes
4. Negation
5. Evoking the senses
6. Environment or sector
7. Ramifications
8. Historical references

Here are the words to be given expanded definitions. Please refer to the expanded definition used
in the “What’s More” activity about our colonial forefathers.
A. Pandemic
B. Racism

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 Assessment

Task 7: Validate Information

A. Directions: Read each item carefully. Then, answer the questions that follow by
writing the letter of the correct answer on your separate answer sheet.

1. What technique of expanding definition explains the origin of the word itself?
A. Etymology B. Example C. History D. Negation

2. What technique of expanding definition shows how the topic differs by explaining
what the concept is not.
A. Etymology B. Example C. History D. Negation

3. It is the use of words that create a picture in the reader's mind so that the reader might
relate through memory of sound, sight, touch, hearing, or smell.
A. example C. historical reference
B. evoking the senses D. listing parts

4. Definition that generally has components of both informal and formal definitions.
A. Expanded Definition C. Informal Definition
B. Formal Definition D. Shortened Definition

B. Directions: Read the following definitions, then identify whether each one is a
formal, informal, or extended definition. The term being defined has been written in
bold.

5. Bullying is a verb that describes the act of forcing someone to do something he or she
does not want to do. Typically, the bully uses physical power or influence to
intimidate the person being bullied.

Answer:

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6. Once upon a time, bullying in schools only referred to the students who forced the
smaller students to give up their lunch money or the ones who beat them up after
school. In recent years, many schools have cracked down on bullying and have strict
zero-tolerance policies. In fact, a student was recently disciplined for biting a Pop-
Tart into the shape of gun. However, now harassment is often happening online. Real
bullies hide behind social media technology, like Facebook, posting embarrassing
pictures and videos of their classmates and setting up fake relationships to lead on and
shame others, an act known as catfishing.

Answer:

7. Bullying occurs when someone uses his or her power or prestige to intimidate and
terrorize another person. At times, the bully pushes someone around to get something
specific from that person, but at other times, the bully simply is mean just to watch the
other person squirm. Tormenting anyone for any reason is inappropriate and should
not be tolerated.

Answer:

8. Identify the technique in giving expanded definition used in the underlined phrase of
the following paragraph:

Parents can help their children be successful in school by encouraging them.

Children usually enjoy playing games instead of studying their boring lessons, so
parents have to take the responsibility to monitor their studying and to remind them to
their work at home after school. Parents should also encourage their children to study
by buying story books with pictures, or they can buy text books that help children
learn to spell.

A. example C. historical reference

B. evoking the senses D. listing parts

C. Directions: Give an expanded definition for each term below. Take note of the
ways on how to expand a definition using different techniques. (3 points each)

9-11. Coronavirus

12-14. Vaccine

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 Additional Activities
Task 8

Directions: Make a list of important terminologies possibly used on a research work or

research paper with corresponding definitions. In doing so, it helps prepare yourself for your
next scholarly endeavor.

Let us remember:
An expanded definition is one or more paragraphs that attempt to explain a complex
term.

Ways of Expanding definitions:

. Expanding by giving examples
. Expanding by comparing and contrasting
. Expanding by describing a process

Techniques in expanding definitions:

1. Listing and describing parts
2. Etymology
3. Examples or anecdotes
4. Negation
5. Evoking senses
6. Environment or sector
7. Historical references

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 Answer Key
Pre-Test
1. B
2. D
3. C
4. B
5, 6, 7. Physics is a science that deals with matter and energy and their interactions.
Term Class Distinguishing characteristic
8.Formal definition
9.Informal Definition
10.Any given definition emphasizing the three parts, the term, the class, and the distinguishing
characteristic
11-12. Any given informal definitions 13-
14.Any given formal definitions 15.Any
given expanded definition
What’s More
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. D
5. B
6. Expanded
7. Informal definition
8. Formal definition
9. Global warming refers to climate change that causes an increase in the average temperature of
the lower atmosphere.
10. Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus.
Term Class Distinguishing characteristic
What I Have Learned
1. complex
2. example, comparing and contrasting, and describing a process
3. formal, informal, expanded definition
4. explain
5. component
6. Listing and describing parts
Etymology
Examples or anecdote
Negation
Evoking the senses
Environment or sector
Ramifications Historical
references
Assessment
1. A 9-11. Any given expanded definitions
2. D 12-14. Any given expanded definitions
3. B
4. A
5. Formal
6. Expanded
7. Informal
8. D.

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References
Celebrating Diversity through World Literature
www.google.com
http://content.nroc.org/DevelopmentalEnglish/unit05/Foundations/identifying-
types-of-definitions.html.Retrieved June 16, 2021.

https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1.Retrieved June16,
2021.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/physics Retrieve June 18, 2021
https://www.slideshare.net/SarahJeanReyes1/formal-and-infomal-
definitons.Retrieve June 18, 2021
https://slideplayer.com/slide/4385155/.Retrieved June 18, 2021

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education – Region V
Office Address:Department of Education – Carcar City Division
Learning Resources Management Section
P. Nellas St., Poblacion III, Carcar City, Cebu
Telefax:(032) 487-8495
E-mail Address: