MENSURATION

1.Estimate the weight of C.I. used in manufacturing step pulley as shown in

figure. Assume density of C.I. as 7.2 gm/cc.

SOLUTION: Break up this step pulley into four following simple parts A,B,C and
D.
π 2
Part A: As volume = 4 d l

π
= 4 ×(12¿¿ 2) ×(4)¿=144 π cm3

π 2
Part B:As volume = 4 d l

π
= 4 ×(9¿¿ 2)×( 4)¿ =81 π cm3
 π 2
Part C: As volume= 4 d l

π
= 4 ×(6¿¿ 2)×( 4)¿ =36 π cm3

π 2
Part D: As volume= 4 d l

π
= 4 ×(3¿¿ 2)×(12)¿=27 π cm3

Therefore,total volume =144 π +¿ 81 π +36 π−27 π=234 π cm3

22
Hence , weight of step pulley=234× 7 × 7.2 gm=5.3 kg

2. Find out the weight of 10 M.S. spindles,the shape and size of which are
given in figure. Also calculate the weight of scrap, if they are turned out of a
M.S.rod of 25mm dia and facing and parting off allowances can be taken as
1mm and 5 mm respectively. Assume that the 15 mm length of rod is
required for grip in the chuck.Density of M.S. is 7.8 gm/cc.

Solution: Breakup this spindle into 4 parts, namely A,B,C and D.

π
Now, volume of A = 4 ×(1.5¿¿ 2)×(2.5)¿ =4.4 π cm3

π
Volume of C= 4 ×(2¿¿ 2)×(3)¿=9.4 π cm3
 π
Volume of hole D = 4 ×(1¿¿ 2)×(6.5)¿=5.1 π cm3

Volume of B =volume of frustum of cone dia 1.5 cm and 2cm and

height as 1cm
π h
= 4 ¿)× 3

π 1
= 4 ¿)× 3 =d 212.4 cm3

Therefore ,volume of finish spindle = 4.4+2.4+9.4+5.1=11.1 cm3

Therefore , weight of 10 spindle=10×11.1× 7.8 gm=866 gm
To calculate the weight of scrap,weight of M.S. rod first calculated:
Length of one spindal=65mm.
Total length of spindal=650mm.
Length required for facing 20 faces=20×1=20mm.
Length required for parting off 10 times=10×5=50mm.
Length required for holding(for last job)=15 mm.
Total length of rod required
=650+20+50+15=735mm
=73.5cm.
π
Volume of rod requied= 4 ×(2.5¿¿ 2)×(73.5)¿ =360 cm3

Weight of rod=360×7.8=2808gm.
Weight of scrap=2808-866
=1932 gm=1.932 kg

.3. calculate the weight of a ‘Lathe center’ shown in fig.10.3 given below, if
the
material weight 7.8gm/cc. Also determine the cost of material, if its rate is
Rs.20/kg.
Solution : Break up the article in 4 simple parts.
YZ
Part A: from ∆ XYZ, tan 30°= XZ

OR
1 3
=
√3 h

h = 3√ 3=5.2 cm
Height of cone A=5.2cm.
And base radius, r=3cm.
1 2 1
Now, volume of cone A=V 1= 3 π r h= 3 π ¿

Part B. 2 CIRCULAR DISCS, 1CM THICK AND 6 CM DIA.

Volume of one disc,
 π
V2 = ×(6¿¿ 2)×(1)¿ =28.25cm3
4

Part C . One circular disc, 3 cm thick and 4 cm dia.

π
Volume,V 3 = 4 ×(4 ¿¿ 2)×(3)¿=37.68cm3

Part D. Frustum of cone with diameters 4 cm and 6 cm and height 8 cm.

π h
Volume,V 3=¿ = 4 ¿)× 3

π 8
= 4 ¿)× 3 =159 cm3

Therefore,total volume of lathe center

=V 1 +2 V 2+V 3+ V 4= ( 49+2 ×28.25+37.68+ 159 )
Weight of material =302.18 × 7.8
=2.357 kg.
Hence, material cost for lathe center =2.357 × 20
=Rs.47.14.

4. calculate the number of rivets of dimensions shown in fig.which can be

manufactured from 4 kg of M.S Assume that there is no wastage of material.
Density of M.S. is 8 gm/cc.
Solution. Break up the article into simple parts A,A and B.
Volume of head A(Two in No.).
(3D-2h)
For a segment of sphere where,
H=2 cm and D=2R=5.6cms
Volume of
π
A= 6 × 4 (3×5.6-2×2)

=26.82cm3
Volume of cylindrical Part B
π
= 4 (3 ¿ ¿2 ×4 =28.26cm3

Total volume=2A + B
=2×26.82+28.26
=81.9
81.9 ×8
Weight of one rivet= 1000
=0.655kg.
No. of rivets which can be manufactured from 4 kg M.S.(Neglecting wastage)
4
= 0.655

=6(say)=6rivets

5. Estimate the volume of material required for manufacturing a

components, if as shown in fig
. 10.5 . calculate alsothe weight of 10 such components , if is madeup of M.S.

of density 8gm/cc.
Solution : Break up the component into simple parts A,B,C,D,E and f.
 π
Volume of A = 4 ׿

π
Volume of B= 3 ×h ( R 1+ R 2+ R 1 R2 )
2 2
(for frustum of cone )

π
= 3 ×2 ¿

π
Volume volume of D= 4 ׿

π
of C= 4 ׿

π
volume of E= 4 ׿

π
volume of F= ׿
4

Total volume=A+B+C+D-E-F
1 7 9 9 3
=( 2 + 6 + 8 + 4− 16 − 4 ¿ πcm3=17.2cm3.

10× 17.2× 8
Hence ,weight of 10 such articles = 1000
=1.376kg

10.6. Estimate the volume of material required for manufacturing 100 pieces
of shaft as shown in fig. 10.6. The shafts are made of m.s. weight 8gm/cc and
costs Re. 1 per kg. Calculate also the material cost for such shafts.
Solution : Break up the article into parts A,B,C,D and E.
π
Volume of A= 4 ¿

π
Volume of B= 3 ×h ( R 1+ R 2+ R 1 R2 )
2 2

π
×2 ¿
3
π
Volume of C= 4 ׿

π
Volume of D= 4 ׿

π
Volume of E= 4 ׿

Total volume = Volume of A + Volume of B + Volume of C + Volume of D +

Volume of E
=0.7854+3.667+4.39+2.65+0.686
=12.1784cm³
Volume for 100 shafts = 1217.84 cm³.
Weight of 100 shafts = 1217.84× =9.74 kg
Cost of material =9.74×1=Rs.9.74

10.7.An iron wedge has been made by forging out of 3cm diameter round bar.
The length and breadth of the base of the wedge being 4.5 cm and 2.5 cm
respectively,the length of wedge at other and being 4 cm and the height 12cm.
If the density of metal remains unchanged after forging, what length of bar is
required for making the wedge?

Solution : the wedges is like the frustum of pyramid.

h
Volume of pyramid= 3 (a 1+ a2 + √ a1 a2)

Here h=12
a 1=2.5 ×4.5=11.25 cm2

a 2=2.5 ×4=10 cm2

12
Vol. = 3 (11.25+ 10+ √11.25 ×10)=127.4cm3

Let l cm length of bar is required.

π
Then 4 ׿

127.4 × 4
l= 9π
=18 cm

therefore,length of bar required = 18cm

8. A wedge guide shown in figure estimate its volume

Solution: Break up the component into simple parts A,B,C and D.
20+10
Volume of trapezium A= 2
× 10× 3.5=525 cm 3

12+ 10
Volume of trapezium B= 2
×3 × 3.5=115.5 cm3

π
Volume of hollow cylindrical portion C = 4 ׿

=28.26cm3
Volume of fillets D:
Total number of fillets on both the sides of both hollow cylindrical portion D=4
×2=8

Total volume of 8 fillets = 0.215 R2 ×thickness ×8

=0.215 ×(3.25)2 ×1 × 8
=28.26cm3
Total volume of component =2A+B+2C+D
=2×525+ 115.5+2 ×28.26+ 18.2=1240.22 cm3

1) Estimate the volume of material required for manufacturing 100 pieces

of shaft as shown in figure below. The shafts are made of m.s. weight
8gm/cc and costs Re. 1 per kg. Calculate also the material cost for such
shafts.
Solution : Break up the article into parts A,B,C,D and E.
π
Volume of A= 4 ¿

π
Volume of B= 3 ×h ( R 1+ R 2+ R 1 R2 )
2 2

π
×2 ¿
3
π
Volume of C= 4 ׿

π
Volume of D= 4 ׿

π
Volume of E= 4 ׿

Total volume = Volume of A + Volume of B + Volume of C + Volume of D +

Volume of E
=0.7854+3.667+4.39+2.65+0.686
=12.1784cm³
Volume for 100 shafts = 1217.84 cm³.
Weight of 100 shafts = 1217.84× =9.74 kg
Cost of material =9.74×1=Rs.9.74

I. A factory has total overheads of Rs. 6 lacs, while the prime cost is Rs.
10.0 lacs. Find out the on-cost of the two products by percentage on
 prime cost method, if product first has Rs. 100 as direct material and Rs.
200 as direct labour cost, while product second has Rs. 150 as direct
labour and Rs. 150 as direct material cost.

Solution.
total overheads
Percentage on prime cost¿ x 100
Prime cost

6
¿ x 100 = 60% of prime cost
10

1st Product
Prime cost 100 + 200 Rs. 300
6
On-cost = 300 x = Rs.180 Ans.
100
I. A factory has total overheads of Rs. 6 lacs, while the prime cost is Rs.
10.0 lacs. Find out the on-cost of the two products by percentage on
prime cost method, if product first has Rs. 100 as direct material and Rs.
200 as direct labour cost, while product second has Rs. 150 as direct
labour and Rs. 150 as direct material cost.
 Solution.
total overheads
Percentage on prime cost¿ x 100
Prime cost

6
¿ x 100 = 60% of prime cost
10

1st Product
Prime cost 100 + 200 Rs. 300
6
On-cost = 300 x = Rs.180 Ans.
II. 100

Factory overheads of a certain concern for the year 1970-71 were Rs.8.0
lacs and total direct wages paid to the labour during the above period were
Rs. 32.0 lacs, find out the percentage on-cost by percentage on direct
labour cost method
Solution.
total overheads
Percentage on prime cost¿ x 100
Prime cost
III.

A foundry department of a factory producing water meter body had Rs. 5.0
lacs as total overheads while the material cost was Rs. 25.0 la
the percentage on-cost.
Solution
total overheads
Percentage on cost = x 100
total direct material cost