Notes On Generating Functions of Polynomials
Notes On Generating Functions of Polynomials
Notes On Generating Functions of Polynomials
HH(x)= (-)***?£?•
n(n-l)(n-2)(n-3) 4
c -f- 4_8 x
are made orthogonal for the interval (— oo, oo) by multiplying them by
the function e~ixi; and that, since
e-x!{Hn(x)}2dx=2nn\
0
are both orthogonal and normal for the interval (—00,00). The generating
function to be discussed is consequently
As Hille has remarked*, nearly everybody who has studied the properties
of Hermite polynomials has discovered t h a t |
1 4a;y
KIX v t)- cxpr '~ ( a ; 2 + y 2 ) ( 1 +' 2 ) l
exp
*(*, y, t) - v{7T{i-t*)} L 20^) J-
Extant proofs of Mehler's formula
nZo
2»n!
n-o
n-0
rf2) J
Aim r y ( + y ) ( + ) 1
VHl-« 2 )} P
L 2(l-*«) J'
this is Mehler's formula.
In view of the analysis contained in note 1, this proof of Mehler's
formula can be regarded as elementary. The second proof which I give
~ n r 0 *! L7 2 a -r!(w-2r)!jLT2 28 5!
r! (n-2a)!j'
where the summations with respect to r and s extend over such integral
values as do not give rise to negative factorials in the denominators.
Now, when | <| < p < 1 and|z| ^.A <oo, \y\ < B < oo, the expansion of
and then expanding the numerators by the multinomial theorem and the
expressions (1—t2)-N-* by the binomial theorem, is dominated by the
corresponding convergent expansion of
{N+\)
£> M\(N-M)l ml
M oo / )
(N-M)\ (M-B)\ Rl ml
NOTES ON GENERATING FUNCTIONS OF POLYNOMIALS : (2). 197
= s vvv {-)r+8{n-r-s+\)m2n+2m-*r-i8tnxn-iryn-'i3
~ n-o r t m (n+2m—2r—2s)! (s—m)\ (r—ra)! m!
_ • y y (—)r+8 2ra-2r-28 P a;n-2r y"-23 _, / — r, —s, n—r—s+l \
~n-o y 3 2
n-o rr .. (n-2r-2s)\
(n-2r-2s)\ r\ r\ a\a\ ^ ^ n + | - r - 5 , J n + l - r - « / '
ow, so long
Now, lon as n is not an integer, it follows from the formula of
Saalschiitz that
, -s, n—
r(w-2r-2s+l)
X
exp
rn-2ryn-2s n \
= 2J
r\ s\ • (n-2r)\ (n-2s)!'
and this is equivalent to Mehler's formula.
198 G. N. WATSON
HJx) = K- 1T
unexp(-u2+2ixu)du,
V' J-00
so that
2»n!
n.o
The convergence of
(2
^ ) n [ exp(-u*-v2+2Au+2Bv)dvdu
when p < 1 shows that rearrangement of the order of the summation and
the integrations is permissible. Hence, when 11\ ^.p < 1,
- exp{-K»M-y»))
0 2«w! V^ "() "
n_0
r
J_ o
* It was included in his lectures on orthogonal functions delivered in the Lent Term,
1933.
NOTES OX GENERATING FUNCTIONS OF POLYNOMIALS: (2). 190
PATRICK DU VAL*.