Group No.

6
Date Submission: 20/07/2023

Submitted To: Ma'am Urwa Arqam

Subject: Citizenship
Unemployment & Terrorism:
Big Problems for Pakistan
Pakistan is facing a severe unemployment crisis.
What is Unemployment?
Unemployment is a situation where a person who is able and willing to work is
unable to find a suitable job. In other words, it's a condition where people are
without work and actively seeking employment. Unemployment can be caused
by various factors such as economic downturns, technological advancements,
and lack of skills, among others.
Types of Unemployment
Unemployment can be classified into several types based on its causes and duration. Some common types
of unemployment include:

Frictional unemployment: This type of unemployment occurs when workers are between jobs, either
because they are entering the workforce for the first time or because they have left one job and are
looking for another.
Structural unemployment: Structural unemployment occurs when there is a mismatch between the skills
and qualifications of workers and the jobs that are available. This can happen because of changes in
technology, shifts in the economy, or other factors.
Cyclical unemployment: Cyclical unemployment is caused by fluctuations in the economy, such as
recessions or depressions. During these periods, many businesses cut back on hiring or lay off workers,
which can lead to higher levels of unemployment.
Seasonal unemployment: Seasonal unemployment is caused by changes in the demand for labor based
on the time of year. For example, workers in the tourism industry may be unemployed during the off-
season.

Voluntary unemployment: This occurs when workers choose not to work, either because they are
pursuing education, caring for family members, or for other reasons.

In Pakistan, the current high levels of unemployment are due to a combination of factors, including a lack of
job opportunities, a mismatch between the skills of workers and the needs of employers, and an overall weak
economy. Understanding the different types of unemployment can help policymakers and businesses
develop better strategies to address this problem.
Causes of Unemployment
Unemployment can be caused by various factors. Some of the common causes are:

Lack of education and skills:

People who lack education and skills may have difficulty finding employment.

Technological advances: Automation and other technological advances can lead to fewer job
opportunities in some industries.
Economic conditions: Economic recessions or downturns can lead to layoffs and a decrease in job
opportunities.

Globalization: Globalization can lead to jobs being outsourced to other countries, resulting in job losses in
some industries.

Seasonal work: Some jobs are only available during certain seasons, which can result in unemployment
during the off-season.
Discrimination: Discrimination based on factors such as race, gender, or age can lead to fewer job
opportunities for certain groups of people.

Population growth: As the population grows, the number of people seeking employment may exceed the
number of available jobs.
Current Unemployment Rate in
Pakistan

23.4% Increased During COVID-19

This is the current unemployment rate in Pakistan as The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened the
of 2021. unemployment crisis, with many businesses
shutting down and job losses increasing.
Effects of Unemployment on Society
Unemployment affects not only the individual but also the society as a whole. Here are some of the effects of
unemployment on society:

Economic Impact: Unemployment creates a burden on the economy as a whole, leading to a decrease in
consumer spending, production, and economic growth.

Social Impact: Unemployment can lead to social problems such as poverty, crime, and homelessness. It
can also cause psychological distress and a loss of self-esteem for the unemployed individuals.
Political Impact: Unemployment can lead to political instability and unrest, especially in countries where
there is a high youth population and limited job opportunities.
Family Impact: Unemployment can put a strain on family relationships and lead to domestic problems
such as marital conflicts and child abuse.
Unemployment's Impact on Pakistan's
Progress
High levels of unemployment in Pakistan have been a major obstacle to the country's progress and
development. When people are unable to find work, they are unable to contribute to the economy, which can
lead to a number of negative consequences. For example, high levels of unemployment can lead to increased
poverty, reduced economic growth, and greater inequality. In addition, the lack of employment opportunities
can lead to social unrest and political instability, as people become frustrated and disenchanted with the
government and their economic prospects.

Furthermore, high levels of unemployment can have a significant impact on the mental health and well-being
of individuals and communities. People who are unemployed may experience stress, anxiety, and depression,
which can lead to a range of negative outcomes, including substance abuse, family breakdown, and poor
physical health.

Overall, reducing unemployment levels is a critical priority for Pakistan if the country is to achieve its
development goals and improve the well-being of its people.
Government Initiatives to Combat
Unemployment
China-Pakistan Economic
Corridor (CPEC)
Kamyab Jawan Program CPEC is expected to create job opportunities in
A government initiative to provide loans to young various sectors such as construction,
entrepreneurs to start their own businesses. manufacturing, and transportation.

1 2 3

Prime Minister’s Youth

Entrepreneurship Scheme
A program that provides training and guidance
to youth entrepreneurs.
Challenges in Reducing
Unemployment
1 Economic Issues 2 Political Issues 3 Social Issues
Slow economic growth, Instability, corruption, and Lack of education and
limited investment lack of political will to take skills training, gender bias,
opportunities, and a lack of action on job creation and discrimination against
government funding for job initiatives. marginalized groups.
creation programs.
Private Sector Role in Creating Job
Opportunities

Small & Medium-Sized Enterprises Corporate Sector

(SMEs) The corporate sector also has a responsibility to
SMEs play a vital role in creating job opportunities in develop and implement CSR initiatives that
Pakistan, accounting for 78% of non-agricultural contribute to job creation and economic growth.
jobs.
Possible Solutions to Tackle
Unemployment in Pakistan
1 Education & Skill Development
Investing in education and skill development programs can help create a more skilled and
employable workforce.

2 Entrepreneurship & Startups

Encouraging and supporting entrepreneurship can help create new job opportunities and
stimulate economic growth.

3 Investment in Infrastructure
Investing in infrastructure projects such as CPEC can create job opportunities in various
sectors.

4 Promotion of CSR
Creating an environment that encourages and rewards corporate social responsibility can
help create job opportunities and contribute to economic growth.
Conclusion:
Unemployment is a significant problem in Pakistan and affects millions of people across the country. It not
only leads to economic hardship for individuals and families, but also has wider social and economic
consequences for society as a whole. While the government has taken steps to address unemployment,
including through various job creation initiatives, challenges remain. In order to make meaningful progress in
reducing unemployment, it is important to address the root causes of the problem, including the need to
improve education and skills training, address social inequalities, and create an environment that is
conducive to business growth and job creation.
Terrorism
Terrorism is a serious threat to the safety and security of nations around the
world. It is the use of violence and intimidation against civilians or
governments in order to achieve political or social goals. Terrorists often target
public places or events, and their attacks can cause widespread damage,
injury, and loss of life.

In Pakistan, terrorism has been a major problem for many years. Terrorist
groups have carried out bombings, shootings, and other attacks throughout
the country, causing both physical and psychological harm to innocent people.
The government and military have taken steps to combat terrorism, but it
remains a significant challenge.
Types of Terrorism
There are many different types of terrorism, each with its own motivations, tactics, and targets. Some
common types of terrorism include:

Political terrorism: This type of terrorism is motivated by political aims, such as overthrowing a
government, gaining independence for a region, or promoting a particular ideology.
Religious terrorism: Religious terrorism is motivated by religious beliefs and aims to promote or defend a
particular faith or religious group.

Criminal terrorism: Criminal terrorism is motivated by profit or personal gain, such as drug trafficking,
human trafficking, or extortion.
State-sponsored terrorism: This type of terrorism is carried out by a government or state, either directly
or indirectly through support for terrorist groups.
Domestic terrorism: Domestic terrorism is carried out by individuals or groups within a country, often
with the aim of promoting a particular political or social agenda.

In Pakistan, various terrorist groups have been involved in different types of terrorism, including political,
religious, and criminal terrorism. Understanding the different types of terrorism can help us develop better
strategies to prevent and combat this threat.
Causes of Terrorism in Pakistan
Terrorism has been a major problem in Pakistan for many years, and there are several factors that contribute
to its prevalence. Some of the main causes of terrorism in Pakistan include:

Religious extremism: Pakistan is home to many extremist religious groups, some of which have been
involved in acts of terrorism. These groups often use religion as a justification for their violence.
Proximity to conflict zones: Pakistan shares borders with Afghanistan and India, two countries that have
experienced significant conflict in recent years. The spillover of violence from these countries has
contributed to the rise of terrorism in Pakistan.
Poor governance: Pakistan has a history of weak and corrupt governance, which has allowed extremist
groups to gain power and influence. This has made it difficult for the government to effectively combat
terrorism.
Socioeconomic conditions: Poverty, unemployment, and inequality are widespread in Pakistan,
particularly in rural areas. These conditions can create a sense of hopelessness and despair, which can
make individuals more susceptible to extremist ideologies.

Foreign interference: Pakistan has long been the target of foreign interference, including from
neighboring countries, the US, and other Western powers. This interference has often fueled anti-Western
sentiment and contributed to the rise of extremist groups.

Addressing the root causes of terrorism in Pakistan will require a multifaceted approach that includes
improving governance, addressing socioeconomic issues, and reducing foreign interference. It will also
require a commitment to combatting extremism and promoting tolerance and understanding among
different religious and ethnic groups.
How Terrorism Affects Pakistan
Terrorism has had a devastating impact on Pakistan. It has caused loss of life, property damage, and
economic losses. The country has suffered from a range of terrorist attacks, including suicide bombings,
shootings, and bombings of public places, such as markets and schools. These attacks have targeted
civilians, government officials, and military personnel.

The number of people who have died due to terrorism in Pakistan is staggering. According to the Global
Terrorism Database, from 2001 to 2018, there were 31,741 deaths due to terrorism in Pakistan. The highest
number of deaths occurred in 2013, with 6,286 fatalities.
Current Situation of Terrorism in
Pakistan
Terrorism continues to be a major challenge for Pakistan. While the country has made significant gains in
combating terrorism in recent years, the threat still remains. The country is still affected by a range of
terrorist groups, including the Taliban, Al-Qaeda, and ISIS. These groups continue to carry out attacks on
civilians, military personnel, and government officials, and have also targeted religious minorities and other
vulnerable groups.

The Pakistani government has taken a number of steps to combat terrorism, including military operations,
intelligence sharing with other countries, and the implementation of new counterterrorism laws. However,
there are still challenges in achieving lasting peace and stability in the country, including the presence of
militant groups in neighboring Afghanistan and tensions with India.
Role of Neighbors in Regard to
Terrorism in Pakistan
Afghanistan:

The role of Pakistan's neighbors is critical in addressing terrorism in the country. Afghanistan, in particular,
has been a major source of cross-border terrorism, with several militant groups using Afghanistan as a safe
haven to launch attacks in Pakistan.

India:

India has also been accused by Pakistan of supporting terrorist organizations in the country. To effectively
combat terrorism in Pakistan, it is crucial for its neighbors to cooperate and coordinate efforts to prevent and
combat terrorism. This includes sharing intelligence, securing borders, and addressing the root causes of
terrorism in the region.
Challenges in Reducing Terrorism in
Pakistan
Reducing terrorism in Pakistan is a complex and difficult task due to several challenges. One major challenge
is the presence of extremist ideologies and militant groups that have deep roots in the country. The lack of a
strong and effective counter-terrorism strategy and intelligence infrastructure is another major challenge. In
addition, corruption, poverty, and political instability create an environment that supports the growth of
terrorist organizations. The ongoing conflict in neighboring Afghanistan also contributes to the problem.
Finally, the limited resources and capacity of law enforcement agencies and the judiciary system further
complicate the efforts to reduce terrorism in Pakistan.
Possible Solutions to Tackle Terrorism
in Pakistan
Strengthen counter-terrorism efforts: Pakistan can enhance its counter-terrorism efforts by improving
its intelligence infrastructure, increasing the capacity of law enforcement agencies, and implementing
effective policies to prevent and combat terrorism.
Promote social and economic development: Addressing the root causes of terrorism, such as poverty,
unemployment, and lack of education, can help reduce the appeal of extremist ideologies and prevent
individuals from joining terrorist organizations.
Engage in regional cooperation: Pakistan can collaborate with its neighboring countries, such as
Afghanistan and India, to address cross-border terrorism and share intelligence and resources.

Combat corruption: Corruption creates an environment that supports the growth of terrorist
organizations. Pakistan can address this issue by implementing effective anti-corruption measures and
promoting transparency and accountability in all levels of government.
Promote religious tolerance: Pakistan can promote religious tolerance and respect for diversity to
counter extremist ideologies that use religion as a justification for violence.
Conclusion:
Despite significant challenges, Pakistan has made progress in reducing terrorism in recent years. However,
the threat of terrorism remains, and continued efforts are needed to address the root causes and prevent its
resurgence. Improving economic conditions and addressing social inequalities, including unemployment, can
help to address some of the underlying drivers of terrorism. It is also important for Pakistan to continue
working with its neighbors and the international community to combat terrorism and promote peace and
stability in the region.

Thanks