Bod DPR

Govt.
of India, New Delhi
Biomass Gasifier Based Electric Power Project (1x10 kW)

Electrification of Village Bod
District : Betul, Madhya Pradesh
Category Remote Hilly Area (40 HH)
Road from Kuppa
Prepared by:
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre
Indian Institute of Technology
Roorkee-247 667
August 2006
Govt. of India, New Delhi
Biomass Gasifier Based Electric Power Project (1x10 kW)

Electrification of Village Bod
District : Betul, Madhya Pradesh
Category Remote Hilly Area (40 HH)
Prepared by:
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre
Indian Institute of Technology
Roorkee-247 667
August 2006
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
i. Foreword
ii. Executive Summary
iii. Salient Features S1-S3
iv. Photographs P1-P4
CHAPTER – 1 BACKGROUND AND BASIC DATA
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Project Sponsor 1
1.3 Nodal Agency & Associated Organizations 1
1.4 Selection of Village for Model DPR 2
1.5 About Village Bod (Distt.-Betul, M.P.) 2
CHAPTER – 2 POWER/ENERGY REQUIREMENT AND INSTALLED

CAPACITY
2.1 General 5
2.2 Power / Energy Requirement 6
2.3 Resource Availability 7
2.4 Nodal Agency for Installation of the Plant 8
2.5 O & M Activities 8
CHAPTER – 3 BIO-MASS MANAGEMENT FOR THE PLANT
3.1 General 9
3.2 Biomass Resource 9
3.3 Requirement of Subabul Plants & the Land for Growing 9
3.4 Methodology For Continuous Availability Of Biomass 10
3.5 Biomass Management 10
3.5.1 Future Vision 11
CHAPTER – 4 CIVIL WORKS
4.1 Introduction 12
4.2 Components of Civil Works 12
4.3 Construction 12
4.4 Water Supply System and Room 13
4.5 Miscellaneous 13
4.6 Materials, Construction, Finishing, Testing and Commissioning 14
4.7 Mild Steel or Iron Work in Small Sizes and Sections 14
CHAPTER – 5 ELECTROMECHANICAL WORKS

5.1 Gasifier and Gas Engine 15
5.2 Electro-Mechanical Equipment 18
5.3 Maintenance Manual and Log Book 21
5.4 Proposed Spares 21
CHAPTER – 6 POWER DISTRIBUTION WORKS
6.1 Consumer Voltage Variation and Power Factor 22

6.2 Generator Neutral Earthing 22
6.3 Provision of ELCBs and Load Limitors 22
6.4 Lightning Protection 22
6.5 Earthing 22
6.6 Distribution Plan 23
6.7 Isolators / Fuses / ELCBs 23
6.8 Load Limiters 23
6.9 Cables 23
6.10 Type of Poles 24
6.11 House Wiring 24
6.12 Temper Proofing 25
6.13 Maintenance Manual 25
6.14 Labels and Notices 25
6.15 Line Distribution System 25
6.16 Selection of Cable 25
CHAPTER – 7 TESTING & COMMISSIONING
7.1 Testing 26
7.2 Commissioning 26
7.3 Acceptance Tests at Site 26
CHAPTER – 8 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY

8.1 General 27
8.2 Arrangement 27
CHAPTER – 9 CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME
9.1 Pre-Construction Activities 28

9.2 Construction Activities 28
9.3 Bio Mass Supply for the Plant 29
9.4 Contractual Period of O & M 29
CHAPTER – 10 ESTIMATES AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

10.1 Estimated Cost of Plant and the System 30
10.2 Funding for Construction 33
10.3 Financial Analysis 33
CHAPTER – 11 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF PLANT

11.1 General 36
11.2 Supervision and Monitoring of O & M 36
CHAPTER – 12 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND BENEFITS
12.1 General 38
12.2 Supervision and Monitoring of O & M 39
LIST OF PERSONNEL INVOLVED
DRAWINGS:
i. Maps of Village Bod (District Betul) Fig. 1.1

ii. Map of Village Bod C-336-1
iii. Plant layout of Power Generation Plant C-336-2
iv. Schematic diagram of Power Generation Plant C-336-3
v. Layout Plan and sectional Elevation of Power Generation Plant C-336-4
vi. Biomass Store Shed & Open Yard C-336-5
vii. Single Line Diagram E-336-1
FOREWORD
(This Foreword is not part of the Model DPR)
The Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources, Government of India (MNES) have identified
over 24,000 remote villages which are proposed to be electrified through small renewable energy
sources e.g. Small Hydro Power, Biomass Gasification and Solar Photovoltaic Technology, so as
to improve the well being of population living in the far flung isolated areas.
To make the Remote Village Electrification (RVE) programme successful, it is necessary that the
planning, design, execution and operation and maintenance of RVE projects is efficient and
reliable and also economical in the long run. MNES, vide letters number 13/5/2005 – 06 RVE
dated 23.12.2005 and even number dated 09.03.2006 has asked the alternate Hydro Energy Centre,
IIT, Roorkee (AHEC) to prepare model detailed project reports (DPRs) for the following four
categories :
1. Category “A – 1” Village with 40 households in the hilly area.

2. Category “A – 2” Village with 40 households in the plain area.
3. Category “B – 1” Village with 200 households in the hilly area.
4. Category “B – 2” Village with 200 households in the plain area.
The villages are to be selected from the States of Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Jharkhand and
Uttaranchal to make the DPRs more versatile and practical so that these model DPRs can be used
with slight site specific changes by even those users who may not have much technical expertise.
This Document has been prepared for RVE through Biomass gasification based electric Power
Plant for the Category “A-1” village: Bod (Block: Shahpur, Distt.: Betul, State: Madhya Pradesh)
and also to serve as a Model Document recommended for use as a guide for RVE of similar
category villages (including those ones having some variation in number of house holds) with
plant and site specific modification. Any suggestions from institutions, organizations, users and
interested individuals are welcome. Suggestions should be addressed to:
Head,
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre,
Indian Institute of Technology,
Roorkee – 247667, Uttaranchal, India.
E-mail: [email protected]
Fax: +91 – 1332 – 273517.
AHEC/ Model DPR/ Hilly 40 HH/BEP

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
With the rapid changing scenario of fast depleting conventional energy sources, the future of
conventional electric power system is getting uncertain. This has led to world wide thrust on
development and use of non-conventional energy sources for electric power generation &
use. This coupled with almost no chances of extending the electric power grids to the remote
hilly villages and particularly those located deep in the forest due to problems associated with
drawing power lines through it and their O & M, use of non-conventional energy sources
remains the only alternative for providing reliable electricity to such remote villages.
Bod (Distt. Betul, M.P.) is a hilly tribal village situated in the deep forests of Satpura range.
The habitants are poor. Only a few families own plots of agriculture land. The production of
food grains from these plots of agriculture land is low and therefore, they also have to buy the
required balance quantity of food grains from the market.
Most of the village people are below poverty line. Some of them are jobless. The Biomass
Gasifier Based Electric Power Plant (BEP) proposed for this village will be helpful for:
i. Improving the living conditions of the village people.
ii. Generating new opportunities for over all upliftment.
iii. Providing light for study and promote education amongst children promising them
better future.
iv. Providing required drinking water facility in the village.
v. Creating awareness about the renewable sources of energy and using them for
entrepreneurship like micro-cottage industries etc. there by improving economic
conditions.
vi. Saving Kerosine and forest wood presently being used for lighting.
vii. Creating environmental awareness amongst the people and help control avoidable
destruction of the forest.
The project is envisaged to be constructed in a period of 12 months from the date of signing
the contract agreement. The proposed period takes care of the adverse conditions e.g.
monsoon season, transport problems and afford required time for better construction
management and quality of works, etc.
There being almost no paying capacity of most of the villagers, a low one time contribution
of Rs. 1000 per house hold has been proposed towards initial construction of the plant
(which, though insignificant, will create a sense of belongingness thereby help make the
scheme successful and send good message to others to follow suit) and a monthly payment of
Rs. 50/- per month towards O&M (which they will be able to pay as they will have a monthly
saving on cost of kerosene). The balance cost of O & M will have to be managed by the
Nodal Agency source of funding for construction of plant & the system is proposed to be as:
i. In centive subsidy by MNES : Rs. 4.240 lacs.
ii. One time contribution by villager : Rs. 0.40 lac.
iii. Balance to be paid by Nodal Agency : Rs. 14.346 lacs.
The estimated cost of the proposed 10 kW electric power project works out to Rs. 18.986
lacs. The cost of generation works out to Rs. 18.037 per kWh & Rs. 24.049 per kWh without
subsidy at 80% and 60% LF respectively and Rs. 15.465 & Rs. 20.620 per kWh with subsidy
at 80% & 60% LF respectively which is reasonable.
SALIENT FEATURES
1.1 GENERAL
i. Name of the Project : Biomass based Project, for Bod Village
ii. Location
a. Village : Bod
b. Block : Shahpur
c. District : Betul
d. State : Madhya Pradesh
iii. Access
a. Rail : Itarasi Jn. (C R)
b. Road : 8.5 km forest road (hilly and non-
metalled) taking off to right from
village Kuppa situated at about 15
km from town of Bhonra ( located
at about 19 km before Shahpur on
Itarasi-Shahpur- Betul road.
iii. Geographical Co-ordinates
a. Latitude : Approx. 220 16’ North
b. Longitude : Approx. 770 43.5’East
iv. Climatic Conditions
a. Temperature (ºC) : 440C Max.-0.20C Min.
b. Humidity (%) : 92% Max. 31% Min.
c. Period of Rainfall : June 20 to September 15
d. Rainfall : Approx. 1177.80 mm
v. Land for Project Construction
a. At Biomass source Site : To be earmarked by State Forest Department
b. At proposed plant site near : Village.
the Village
vi. Approximate distance of
a. Biomass Source from Village : Surrounding the village:- 2 to 3 km
b. Proposed Plant site : Close to the Village.
1.2 Details of Biomass Available in the Forest in the Surrounding Area
The details are given in Table below:
Sl. Type % Availability Average Average Girth
No. Height (m) (cm)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
1. Main
i. Sagaun 68 20 95
ii. Saz 25 18 85
iii. Haldu 25 18 90
iv. Tinsa 15 15 100
v. Karai 10 15 80
vi. Leindia 10 18 65
vii. Tendu 10 25 65
viii. Bans 20 10 12
AHEC/ Model DPR/ Hilly 40 HH/BEP S-1
Sl. Type % Availability Average Average Girth
No. Height (m) (cm)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
ix. Sheesham 5 12 70
2. Proposed for
Gasifier Plant
i. Subabool To be grown by rotation on 3 To be grown 20 for use in the
year basis as per requirement to 2.5 (Approx.) plant
1.3 CIVIL STRUCTURES (Date given here are Tentative only)
Proposed Land for:

i. Biomass store shed with open yard : 5.0 m x 3.0 m
ii. Cooling Pond : 2.50 m x 2.0 m
iii. Gasifier shed : 9.0 m x 7.5 m
iv. Power Plant Building : 9.0 m x 7.0 m
v. Control Room : 3.50 m x 3.0 m
1.4 POWER HOUSE (Date given here are Tentative only)
i. Gassifier Type : Down Draft

ii. Gas Engine
a. Nos. : 1
b. Rating : 11 kW Approx. as required for
10 kW generator terminal output
c. Rated Speed : 1500 rpm
iii. Generator
a. Type & Nos. : Synchronous, 1
b. Power Output Rating : 10 kW Each, 3 Ø
c. Nominal Voltage of Generation : 415 V + 5%
d. Frequency : 50 Hz + 3%
e. Power Factor : 0.8 lag
f. Cooling : Natural / Open
1.5 POWER EVACUATION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Distribution System shall be made as per the site conditions and location of various house
holds and other user points.
a. No. of House Holds : 40
b. L.T. Distribution Line
• No. of Lines : 3
• Voltage : 230 V, 1 Ø
• Length of Line : 5 km (Approx.)
c. No. of Street Light Points : 20 (Approx.)

1.6 ESTIMATED COST OF THE PROJECT
i. Power and System Plant : Rs. 18.986 Lacs
1.7 ESTIMATED COST OF GENERATION
i. Without Subsidy
At 80% of LF : Rs. 18.037/ kWh.
At 60% of LF : Rs. 24.049/ kWh.
ii. With Subsidy

At 80% of LF : Rs. 15.465 / kWh.
At 60% of LF : Rs. 20.620 / kWh.

Photo-1 : A View of Village Bod.
Office of Van Suraksha Samiti
Photo-2 : A View of the Office of Van Suraksha Samiti. The Village

is Spread in Semi-Circular form along the Road.
Photo-3 : Another View of Village Bod.
Photo-4 : A View of The Central Part of the Village Bod.

Road from Kuppa
Photo-5 : Right Side View of the Village Bod.
Photo-6 : Well Near the Rivulet - Water Occurs (on June 07, 2006)
At About 3 m Depth from Ground Level.
P-3
Photo-7 : Primary School, Village Bod.
CHAPTER – 1
BACK GROUND AND BASIC DATA
1.1 INTRODUCTION
There is acute shortage of electric power generation in the country so much so that the
areas already connected to the power grids are subjected to frequent power cuts. The
available fuel resources being used for electricity generation are getting fast depleted.
This problem and sensitivity coupled with drawing the Electric Power lines through
deep forest, the cost involved in extending the power grids, cost and problems in O &
M of such line etc. make it almost impossible to make grid the electricity reach the
remote village Bod (Distt.Betul, M.P.).
The economic and social conditions of the inhabitants of village Bod are poor.
Electricity being one of the basic infrastructural requirements for development and
progress, the only hope in the above scenario is the use of renewable energy sources
to generate and supply electricity to the remote villages. In an effort towards this end,
this project has been conceived for immediate implementation.
1.2 PROJECT SPONSOR
MNES, GOI has come up to subsidize the cost of RVE project to a large extent. The
balance cost is to be met by the Nodal Agency and the people of the village.
1.3 NODAL AGENCY & ASSOCIATED ORGANIZATIONS
M.P. Urja Vikas Nigam , Bhopal has been assigned to carry out energy development
work through non-conventional energy sources by the Government of Madhya
Pradesh.
For remote villages located in the forest, co-operation of the Department of Forest,
M.P. is also required.
Discussions were held with the following officers and staff of the above departments:
I. M.P. Urja Vikas Nigam Ltd.
1. Sri B.P.Gupta, S.E., Bhopal
2. Sri Surendra Bajpai, E.E., Bhopal
3. Sri Y.P.Joshi, E.E., Bhopal.
4. Sri Vijay Gaikwad, E.E., Hoshangabad.
5. Sri Ram Narain Chauhan, Field Officer, Hoshangabad.
6. Sri R.K.Patil, Field Assistant, Hoshangabad.
II. M.P. Forest Department
1. Sri R,K,Dave, Addl. Principal Chief Conservator of Forest, Bhopal
2. Sri C.K.Patil, Conservator of Forest, Bhopal
3. Sri P.S.Champawat, DFO, Hoshangabad
4. Sri Pankaj Agarwal, DFO, Betul
5. Sri Baghel, SDO (F), Siwni Malwa
6. Sri Anil Misra, SDO (F), Shahpur
7. Sri MH.Khan, Range Assitt., Shahpur
8. Sri R.K.Lede, Range Assitt., Shahpur
AHEC/ Model DPR/ Hilly 40 HH/BEP 1
1.4 SELECTION OF VILLAGE FOR MODEL DPR
Reconnaissance surveys were undertaken to various remote villages located in the

Siwni Mlwa and Betul forest areas for selection of village(s) as per the suggestion by
M.P. Urja Vikas Nigam Ltd., Bhopal, gathering information and data, interaction with
the local people and the village level organizations e.g. Gram Panchayat (Sri Kali
Ram, Gram Patel & Others), Van Surksha Samiti etc and visual survey and
assessment of various aspects related to the project to be undertaken. After studies,
remote forest hilly village Bod (Distt., M.P.) has been selected for preparation of this
Model Detailed Project Report.(Fig. 1.1)
1.5 ABOUT THE VILLAGE BOD (DISTT. BETUL, M.P.)

1.5.1 Location
Bod is a remote hilly village located in the deep evergreen forest. It is connected
through 8.5 km forest road (hilly and non-metalled) taking off to right from village
Kuppa situated at about 15 km from town of Bhonra (which is located at about 52 km
from Itarsi (WCR Jn.), and 19 km before Shahpur (on Itarasi - Shahpur- Betul road).
The kuchha forest road extends further beyond the village passing through several
villages and ultimately connecting the town Siwni Malwa, about 52 km from Bod and
is suitable for transport vehicles except during the period of rainy days.
1.5.2 General Information and Basic Data
General information gathered from documents, discussions with the officers and staff,
from Sri Kali Ram, Gram Patel and the villagers is given below:
i. The Village
Bod is a small tribal hilly village (under Block – Shahpur, Tahsil – Shahpur,
District Betul M.P.) and under the Gram Panchayat Ghanwar (located 8 km by
forest road towards Siwni Malwa.
ii. The Village Organizations
Van Suraksha Samiti was formed on 12.01.1995. It comprises 118 members
(59 men and 59 women) with Sri Kishan Lal, Smt Bisania Bai Akhande, Sri
Ramesh Kumar Mahaski and Sri Ram Bhau Akhande as Chairman, Vice-
Chairman, Secretary and Joint Secretary respectively.
It falls under Gram Panchayat Ghanwar. Sri Kali Ram is Gram Patel.
iii. The Forest Cover
Bod is surrounded by forest on the North, East, and the South side and villages
Kharbar (4 km) and Dhanwar (8km) on West side.
iv. Population
There were 36 households sometime back, 9 tribals having agriculture land
and 27 landless with village population of 216 (as per record) but said to have
increased to 40 HH with population of 260 now as informed by the Gram Patel
and the villagers.
v. Economic Status
All the residents are Tribals (Adivasis), 19 families being above poverty line
and remaining below poverty line.
vi. Level of Education
The number of educated persons (mostly children) is reported to be
approximately:
a. 5th standard : 50
b. 8th standard : 40
c. 10th standard : 04

vii. Profession
It includes agriculture, collection of Tendu leaves for selling to Forest
Department, collection of Marod Falli & Amla for selling to market, casual
labour in various departments and neighboring towns.
viii. Domestic Animals
Some families keep domestic animals. There are 76 Cows, 70 Female
Buffalos, 86 Buffalos, 37 Goats in the village. The said animals are not getting
required feed and therefore, these are weak and milk production is low.
ix. Agriculture Production
There is 172.5 Ha agriculture land out of which 30 Ha is irrigated and 142.5
un-irrigated.
The agriculture production include Wheat, Paddy, Jwar, and Maize in more
quantity and Pulses, Soyabean, Buller, Kodon, Kutki in less quantity. The
produce is not sufficient to meet their own requirement and some families
have to buy food grains from market.
x. Water Availability
There are 13 rivulets – 1 bigger and 12 smaller ones, 12 kachcha wells and 1
Pakka one, 1 big stop-dam and 3 hand-pumps. There are 45 locations where
stop-dams can be built.
xi. Animal fodder
The requirement is met from the forest (about 6000 Quintals per annum) and
from agriculture (approximately 1700 Quintals per annum).
xii. Items being Sold/ Purchased by the Villagers
A weakly bazaar/ haat is held at village Dodra Mahu – about 5 km from Bod –
in which Soyabean is sold (about 5 quintals at about Rs. 8,000 /- ), and Wheat
(about 50 quintals – at Rs. 35,000/-), Pulses (about 10 Quintals – at Rs.
24,000/-) items used in cooking (at about Rs.11,000/-) and vegetables (worth
about Rs. 4,000/-) are purchased by the villagers in a year. They have to make
payment in cash.
xiii. Institutions
there is 1 Primary School, 1 Middle School (running in temporary building
and 1 Anganwadi. A new building is under construction where the Middle
School will be shifted.
xiv. Roads & Means of Transport
The village is connected by means of 8.5 km long kachcha forest road to the
village Kuppa on one side and through 52 km long kachcha forest road to the
town Siwni Malwa via Pet Tokra (25 km), Mor Ghat (13 km), Lokhat Lai (14
km).
There are 13 bicycles, 20 bullock carts, 1 motorcycle and 4 chhagde in the
village. This is insufficient and people have to walk long distances on foot.
xv. Forest Area Assigned to Bod
Bod has been assigned low-density forest area of 1038.8 Ha by the M.P.
Forest Department for their use. It has natural and unnatural forest both
extending to 1 km in the North, 2 km in the East, 1.5 km in the West and 1 km
in the South.
xvi. Lighting
The villagers get about 2 litres of Kerosine per month at subsidized rates,
which is used by them for lighting for an hour or so per day. Since the quantity
of Kerosine falls short of requirement, they also use fire wood, which they
bring from the forest, for lighting purpose..

xvii. Use of Wood
The villagers get Bamboos and Ballies (Logs) from the Forest Department and
collect 3000 head loads of wood for own use in a year. About 5 Quintals of
cow-dung (cakes) and 5 quintals of agriculture waste is also used annually for
home use.
xviii. Forest Produce in the Assigned Forest Area
The produce comprises Sagon, Haldu, Bans, and Tinsa in large number and
Ladia, Tendu and Mahua in less number. Sheesham is also available in large
number. The villagers get some income from collection of Tendu leaves
which is paid for by the Forest Department. The villagers also collect Marod
Falli (about 1 Quintal) and Amla (about 10 Quintals) annually and sell to the
market for use in Ayurvedic medicines.

CHAPTER – 2
POWER / ENERGY REQUIREMENT AND INSTALLED
CAPACITY
2.1 GENERAL
2.1.1 Vocation of Remote Electrification

The electrification of remote village is intended here to use of limited quantity of
electricity to the isolated area not connected with electrical power grid.
2.1.2 The type of use of Electricity
The use of electric power is proposed for:
i. Domestic Uses
ii. Public Lighting
iii. Drinking Water Pumping
iv. Multi-purpose Uses
v. Meet out future expansion/growth in the next 10 years’ period.
2.1.3 Use Requirement
The use of electricity is proposed to be limited to:
i. 1 kWh of electricity per household per day (up to a period of 7 hours per day say,
3 hours in the morning and 4 hours in the evening).
ii. Public lighting up to 20 points @ 18 watts (CFL) per point for up to 4 hours in
the evening.
iii. Drinking water pumping.
iv. Multipurpose uses e.g. meeting out the irrigation needs, lighting of public
buildings - school & Anganwadi, lighting of community centre, needs of agro-
based cottage industries, lighting of places of worship, battery charging, needs of
shops, clinics etc. which may come up in later get motivated/educated on
realization of benefits of electric power availability.
v. Future expansion: assumed as 20% during the period of ten years.
2.2 POWER / ENERGY REQUIREMENT
The requirement has been worked out as per the consideration above and the criteria
discussed below and summarized in Table 2.1 : typical power supply programme (Future
Vision) shown in Fig. 2.1.
i. Domestic Uses
a. Connected load per H.H- 200 watts (assumed: 2 Nos. 11 W CFLs, 1 No.
60 W Fan, any other load up to 118 W)
b. Diversity factor:
• CFL: 100% (some CFLs may fuse and some households may use more
numbers).
• Other load: 200% (Diversity factor may be higher initially but will
decrease in due course due to change in attitude and habits of the
people – particularly the younger ones).

c. Actual load per HH. : 2x11 + 178/2 =111 Watts.
d. Supply hours : 7/day (3 in morning, 4 in evening).
e. Energy consumption per H.H. / day : up to 111 x 7 Watts = 777 Watts
or say, 0.80 kWh / day.
f. Total power needed for 40 H.H. : 111 x 40 = 4440 W = 4.44 kW.
g. Total energy consumption / day for 40 H.H. = 0.80 x 40 kWh
= 32 kWh.
ii. Public Lighting
It is proposed that public lighting may be only for 4 hours in the evening initially.
The final operation and maintenance is conceived to be in the hands of the local
body of the village when public lighting and other loads will be managed by them
as per their choice, may be for more number of hours.
a. No. of light points : Up to 20.
b. Type of lighting : 18 Watts CFL.
c. Lighting hours : 4 hours in the evening.
d. Power required : Up to 18 x 20 = 360 W or 0.36 kW.
e. Energy consumption : Up to 0.36 x 4 W hrs. or 1.44 kWh.
iii. Drinking Water Pumping
a. Water requirement per HH : Up to 180 liters (Assuming 30 liters/
person and 6 persons/ house hold).
b. Total water pumping required: 180 x 40 = 7200 liters or 7.2 cu m.
c. Pumping power needed (assuming pumping height of 50 m & pump
efficiency as 60% :
9.81 x (7.2 / 3600) x 50 x 0.60 = 0.5886 kW, Say, 1 HP or 0.746 kW.
d. Pumping period : Assumed up to 1 hour.
e. Energy consumption : up to 1 x 0.746 = 0.746 kWh.
iv. Multipurpose Uses
Depending on requirement and willingness of the people, the plant can be
operated for the required number of hours between 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. The power
availability for multipurpose use will be limited to about 8 kW only. Presently,
power can be used upto 2.50 kW only and energy consumption as 2.50 x7 = 17.50
kWh
v. PH Installation Capacity
Assuming power house consumption and system @ 10 % and the future growth
@ 20 % in next 10 years, the PH installation capacity is worked out below:
a. Domestic load = 4.44kW
b. Public Lighting = 0.36 kW
c. Drinking Water Pumping = 0.746 kW
d. Multipurpose Use = 2.50kW
e. Future Growth = 0.2 x 4.44
= 0.888 kW
Sub-Total (a to e) = 8.934 kW
f. P.H. consumption/system losses = 0.1 x (8.934)
= 0.8934 kW
Total = 9.8274 kW
Say = 10 kW

vi. Energy Consumption per Day
a. Domestic load = 32.00 kWh
b. Public lighting = 1.44 kWh
c. Water pumping = 0.746 kWh
d. PH consumption = 6.2538 kWh
e. Multiple Use = 17.50
Total = 57.9398 kWh
Say, = 58 kWh
The consumption in respect of multipurpose uses has not been considered here as the
same may take some time to come up. However, depending upon the number of hours of
running of this load additional energy consumption will be there.
The proposed daily use requirement of power and energy consumption is summarized in
Table 2.1 below:
Table : 2.1 – Proposed Daily Use Requirement
Sl. Use Daily Use requirement of
No. Power (kW) Energy (kWh)
1 2 3 4
1. Domestic Use 4.44 32.00
2. Public Lighting 0.36 1.44
3. Drinking Water Pumping (Hilly Region) 0.746 0.746
4. Multipurpose Use: assumed 7 hour working & 2.50 17.50
Diversity Factor of 200%
Sub Total (Item 1 to 4) 8.046 51.686
5. Future Expansion @20% 0.888 Not added.
6. PH Consumption, Losses etc. @ 10% 0.8934 6.2538
Total 9.8274 57.9398
Say 10.00 58.00
2.3 RESOURCE AVAILABILITY
2.3.1 Biomass
i. The above remote electrification scheme requires a suitable, continuous and

reliable source of Biomass.
ii. The biomass source should be within about 2 to 3 km each from the main part of
the village to be electrified.
2.3.2 Access
i. It should have a simple workable access or possibility of making such access at

low cost.
ii. The area should be safe for the people to work at site.
iii. There should be availability of suitable raw material for construction of civil
works.

2.3.3 Operation and Maintenance
i. Availability of local persons/persons from nearby area having reasonable reading
and writing skills, suitable intellectual capacity and willingness to work as
operator/ maintenance staff.
ii. Required facility to provide an on situ training to the above persons.
iii. Required tools and plants, gadgets, safety equipment, etc. as required for
maintaining the micro-hydro plant and distribution system.
iv. Availability of spare parts for successful operation of the system for 10 years
period.
2.3.4 Availability of Monetary Resource
The scheme is to be funded:
i. Partially by the MNES,
ii. By initial lump sum contribution by the village people
iii. The rest by the Nodal Agency.
2.4 NODAL AGENCY FOR INSTALLTION OF THE PLANT
Supervision, Planning, Designing, Processing the purchase case, Placement of order,

Supervising construction, Liaison etc. is to be carried out by the nodal agency i.e. the
M.P. Urja Vikas Nigam Ltd., Bhopal
2.5 O & M ACTIVITIES
The management, operation and maintenance of the plant (including distribution system)
is to be carried out by the contractor for initial 5 years period and thereafter by the Van
Suraksha Samiti and the other villagers of the village Bod.

INDEX
10 DL- Domestic Load Lighting,
Power House Consumption & System Losses (PC & SL)
9 Fan, Radio, T.V. etc.
Future Load Growth (FG) DW- Drinking water pumping
ment (kW)
8
Category -'A' (40 House Holds)
MU- Multipurpose uses

(cottage industries,
7
Agricultural value-
adding industries, Loads
6
Power Requirem
of community centre,
School, Clinics, Shops
5
BC & AN Domestic Load Multipurpose Uses (MU) Domestic Load (DL) BC & AN etc.)
(Future Vision) (DL) (Future Vision) (Future BC- DC Battery Charging
4
Vision) AN Agricultural Needs eg.
Water Pumping for
8(a)
3
Irrigation
PC- Power house
2
& SL Consumption & System
losses
1
DW FG - Future Load Growth
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Note:
Day Time (hr) To enable Power supply
as per requirement
shown in the figure
arrangement for
additional Biomass etc.
will have to be made.
Fig. 2.1:- Typical Power Supply Programme (Future Vision)-Timings are Adjustable on Seasonal Basis and
other Requirements, if any.
CHAPTER – 3
BIOMASS MANAGEMENT FOR THE PLANT
3.1 GENERAL
The Biomass based electric power plant is tentatively proposed to be located on one side
of the land having building of Anganwadi. This has been proposed keeping in view of the
various related aspects e.g. availability of non- agricultural land in the vicinity of the
village, cost of the distribution system, ease of operation and maintenance, ease of
approach, safety of the plant, nearness for supply of Biomass, nearness to the office of the
Van Suraksha Samiti for supervision etc.
3.2 BIOMASS RESOURCE
3.2.1 The State Forest Department maintains the forest surrounding the village Bod through
own staff and the Van Suraksha Samiti formed of the village people by them. The Forest
Department also guides and helps the people in the various forest based activities/ needs.
3.2.2 The matter of availability of biomass continuously on daily basis for running of the
proposed Biomass Gassifier Power Plant was discussed with the Forest Department
officers at Sioni Malwa, Shahpur etc. on 06.06.06 and 07.06.06, wherein, following were
present:
At Siwni Malwa At Shahpur
1. Sri Baghel, SDO Forest, M. P. 1. Sri Anil Misra, SDO Forest, M. P.

2. Sri Y. S. Jadaun, Consulting Engineer, 2. Sri M.H.Khan, Range Asstt. , M. P.
AHEC, IIT, Roorkee
3. Sri Vijay Saini, Senior Research 3. Sri R.K.Lade, Range Asstt., M. P.
Fellow AHEC, IIT, Roorkee
4. Sri Y. S. Jadaun, Consulting Engineer,
AHEC, IIT, Roorkee
5. Sri Vijay Saini, Senior Research
Fellow, AHEC, IIT, Roorkee
After discussion, it was decided that use of Subabul plant shall be very much suitable in
this region for running of the plant for which planned plantation of Subabul shall be
good. While the plant would shall be used for the Gassifier, the leaves, which are favorite
of domestic animals, shall be made use of as animal feed and this will encourage the
villagers to help wood management and supply to the plant.
3.3 REQUIREMENT OF SUBABUL PLNTS & THE LAND FOR GROWING

The requirement of the biomass has been worked out below:
i. Energy consumption per day on 8 hours working basis: 80 kWh.

ii. Biomass consumption / kWh of electricity : 1.5 kg.
iii. Daily requirement of Subabul : 80 x 1.5 = 120 kg.
iv. Size of Subabul log to be used : Girth : 20 cm,
Length : 2.5 m.
v. Approximate weight of 1 log : 10 kg.
vi. Number of logs required per day : 12.
vii. Number of trees required per year : 12 x 365 = 4380
viii. Spacing required between the plants : 2 x 2 m.
ix. Area required for growing 4380 Subabul plants : 17520 sq. m.
for use in one year Say : 1.8 Ha.
3.4 METHODOLOGY FOR CONTINUOUS AVAILABILITY OF BIOMASS
3.4.1 Area Required for Plantation and Nursery

It was informed that it will require 4 years period for the Subabul plants to grow to the
size needed for above use. It was suggested that 3 separate areas of the size 1.8 Ha. each
will be ear marked on 3 sides of the village and close to it and a small area will be ear
marked for the nursery. The first area will be used to supply the logs for the first year and
so on and the plantation of the 3 areas will be utilized by rotation on yearly basis. Fresh
plantation shall be made in the 3 areas on space availability basis.
3.4.2 The Management will be carried out as follows:
i. The plantation shall be done by the villagers managed through the Van Suraksha Samiti
of the village in a manner that continuous supply of biomass shall be afforded for the
Gassifier plant as per the requirement.
ii. The households will manage the supply of the biomass to the Gassifier plant by rotation.
The arrangement of the transport will be through carts as the distance will not be much.
iii. Collection of biomass will be made in advance and stocked in the sheds meant for it so as
to ensure reliability.
iv. The nursery will also be managed by the people of the village where the seeds will be
sown as per the requirement, plants shall be grown and maintained for about a year and
then transplanted in the earmarked areas.
v. Arrangement of seeds, manure etc will be managed by the Forest Department / Nodal
agency.
vi. A tube-well will be made for watering the plants in the nursery.
vii. Watering will not be needed in the 3 areas ear marked for the plantation as the Subabul
plant will grow on the rain water during monsoon period and seepage water through the
surrounding hills during the remaining period.
viii. The growth rate of the plant being very good, sufficient amount of biomass shall be
available from the said plantation for continuous, successful and reliable working of the
Gassifier plant.
3.5 BIOMASS MANAGEMENT

The management of the Biomass is proposed to be done by the Van Suraksha Samiti of
the village and the villagers with the help of the M. P. Urja Nigam and under the

guidance of the M. P. Forest Department finally i.e. after the expiry of the 5 years
operation and maintenance contractual period.
3.6 FUTURE VISION
More land area will be required depending upon the number of working shifts of 8 hours
or so each. This has not been taken in to consideration at the present. Arrangement will
have to be made for the extra land needed for such working and the management of the
Biomass etc. accordingly as and when so required in future.

CHAPTER - 4
CIVIL WORKS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
The civil structures related to the Biomass based Electric Power Plant (BEP)are
proposed to comprise:
i. Biomass Store shed with Open yard.
ii. Cooling Pond.
iii. Gasifier shed.
iv. Power House Building.
v. Control Room.
vi. Water supply System (including room).
vii. Construction of boundary wall, fencing etc.
viii. Any other facility as may be required.
4.2 COMPONENTS OF CIVIL WORKS
The main structures are described below. Any other structure required is also to be
made. The dimensions stated are approximate and tentative only.
4.2.1 Biomass Store Shed with Open Yard
A 5.0 m x 3.0 m store shed is required. It is proposed to have CGI sheet wall on
wooden frame & CGI sheet cover on tubular truss. An open yard for drying of
biomass is proposed to be located near the shed. (Drg. No. AHEC/C-340 – 5)
4.2.2 Cooling Pond
A 2.0 m x 1.50 m cooling pond is proposed to be constructed in open area having CGI
sheet roofing on tubular truss (Drg. No. AHEC/C-340 – 2)
4.2.3 Gasifier Shed
A gasifier shed of size 3.0 m x 2.5 m having CGI sheet roofing on tubular truss but
without surrounding walls is proposed to be constructed for housing the biomass
gasifier of the plant. (Drg. No. AHEC/C-340 – 3)
4.2.4 Power House Building
A power house building of size 3.0 m x 2.0 m is recommended to be constructed to
house the gas engines, the generators and their auxiliaries. This building may be
constructed with 250 mm thick stone or brick walls and covered with CGI sheet (Drg.
No. AHEC/C-340 – 4)
4.2.5 Control Room
The control room may have a size of 3.0 m x 3.0 m and located by the side of the P.H.
building, It may be constructed with 250 mm thick brick walls and RCC roofing.
(Drg. No. AHEC/C-340 – 4)
4.2.6 Any Other Building / Structure : As may be required.
4.3 CONSTRUCTION
i. Minimum clear height of the sheds and buildings is to be as below:
a. Biomass Store : 3.60 m
b. Gasifier shed : 5.00 m
c. P. H. Building : 4.57 m
d. Control Room : 3.60 m
ii. The foundation bed of the generator shall be at least 200mm above the floor
level and have provision for grouting of bolts, studs and anti-vibration
dampers. Arrangement shall be made for water proofing and foam layer to
damp vibrations.
iii. The foundation shall be located at least 300 mm away from the column
footings and plinth beam to avoid transmission of vibrations caused by the
generating sets.
iv. Adequate arrangement for proper ventilation shall be provided. It shall include
exhaust fans and smoke exhaust pipe located in a manner to ensure removal of
smoke in direction away from the building.
v. The control room shall be made of good quality mosaic with best quality
white cement and marble chips.
vi. Inside brick wall shall be plastered and white wash distempered.
vii. Windows/ventilators shall be fixed to ensure natural lighting inside the
buildings.
viii. Proper equipment fitting facility shall be provided.
ix. Proper lighting arrangement shall be made both inside and outside the
buildings / sheds and approach road.
x. The construction is to be done as per the Approved drawings.
xi. The structural design shall be done based on soil test, stability and safety etc.
xii. The construction is to be carried out as per the National Building Code of
India, unless otherwise approved.
xiii. Foundation for holding and grouting the gasifier etc. shall be made in 1:2:4
RCC or as Approved.
xiv. Any other arrangement required as per site condition shall be made to ensure
proper functioning of the plant and the system.
4.4 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM AND ROOM
4.4.1 Setting up of water supply system

i. Installation of a 1 HP submersible type motor-pump unit, the motor being of
Siemens /NGEF / Cromton / Jyoti / Kirloskar make operable on 230 V, 50 Hz,
0.8 PF AC supply.
ii. Boring and installation of tube well.
iii. Water piping system including bends, sockets, valves, clamps, civil works etc.
iv. Room for the above system.
4.4.2 Boring etc.
Boring of tube well up to required depth and of required diameter by water jet system
through any type of soil strata and including scaffolding, lowering of pipes, strainers,
blind pipes including bucket washing, T&P etc.
4.4.3 Storage Tank
Making a 3000 litres PVC water storage tank of Sintex /Palton or equivalent
Approved make to be installed on a fabricated platform of height of 6.0 m.
4.5 MISCELLANEOUS
4.5.1 Gate
The main gate is proposed to be 4 m (wide) x 1.80 m (high) comprising 2 panels made
of MS angle frame and rods with guide Track etc. supported on 2 numbers 400 mm x
400 mm RCC pillars on both sides.
4.5.2 Fencing
Pre-cast RCC posts, 2 m high with 0.3 m bend at the top, is to be erected and chain
link fencing (50 mm x 50 mm x 8 SWG size) fixed with the RCC posts by means of
galvanized clips to a grid of horizontal strands of galvanized high tensile spring 12
SWG steel wire.
4.5.3 General Facilities
Drinking water supply system, Toilets etc. are to shall be provided in the P.H.
building etc. as Approved.
4.5.4 Approach Road
Suitable approach road shall be provided for the required services.
4.5.6 Environmental Provisions
Necessary provisions are to be made as per the requirement of environmental rules
and regulations in force.
4.6 MATERIALS, CONSTRUCTION, FINISHING, TESTING AND

COMMISSIONING
These are recommended to be as per the relevant Indian Standards and the
construction etc. in accordance with approved drawings.
4.7 MILD STEEL OR IRON WORK IN SMALL SIZES AND SECTIONS
4.7.1 General
The materials to be used and fabrication and construction method should supplying
and fixing mild steel or iron work in small sizes and sections such as holding down
bolts, holdfasts, tie rods, gratings etc. be as per relevant Indian Standards.
4.7.2 Main Shell of the Gasifier
Main shell of the Gasifier is recommended to be made of stainless steel and Critical
sections of the nozzles and throats in the reaction zone from SS-310. Other structural
sections / components e.g. support structure, load taking cones, feeder door, hopper
top, etc. should be made of sufficiently thick MS plates with effective processing and
painting.
4.7.3 Painting
Steel work is to shall be thoroughly cleaned of rust, loose scales, dust etc. as per latest
edition of IS: 1477-part-I and given one coat of red oxide paint conforming to IS:
2074 applied as per IS: 1477-part-II. Over surface inaccessible after placing in
position, two coats of red oxide paint should be applied.

CHAPTER -5
POWER GENERATION EQUIPMENT
5.1 GASIFIER AND GAS ENGINE
5.1.1 Type of Gasifier

Various designs and types of gassifiers are available, the mains types being:
i. Down Draught or Co-Current
ii. Updraft or Counter-Current
iii. Cross Draught
iv. Fluidized Bed System.
The down draught type of gasifiers are in majority use (about 75%) in the world due to the
advantages associated with it e.g. simplicity, high charcoal burn out & internal heat
exchange leading to low gas exit temperature and high equipment efficiency, possibility of
producing almost tar free gas suitable for use in engines.
Down draught type gasifier (Fig. 5.1) is recommended for the plant.
5.1.2 Capacity of Gasifier
The capacity of the gasifier should be suitable for supply of adequate amount of fuel gas to
the gas engines to generate required shaft power corresponding to terminal output of 2 Units
of 5kW each synchronous generators.
5.1.3 Process
i. The biomass is fed through the feed door and stored in the hopper. Limited and
controlled amount of air for partial combustion enters through air nozzles. The throat
(or hearth) ensures relatively clean and good quality gas production. The reactor
holds charcoal for reduction of partial combustion products while allowing the ash
the escape through perforated sheet provided in reactor. It is then turn taken out
through manual ash collection cone after one shift of 8 hours of operation.
ii. The gas passes through the annulus area of reactor from upper portion of the
perforated sheet. The gas outlet is connected with the various downstream system
viz venture scrubber, water junction box, fine filter, safety filter, flare with valve and
gas control valve. Gas produced in gasifier is scrubbed and cooled in scrubber with
re-circulating cooling water in cooling pond with the help of DC scrubber pump.
iii. Gas is separated from water in water junction box and introduced in fine filter and a
safety fabric filter.
iv. Cool and clean gas and air is then sucked into the engine through a gas train
consisting of piping and valves arrangement.
v. The gasifier is started with a battery or auxiliary genset, which initially provide
auxiliaries power to DC scrubber pump, to start the gasifier system
vi. The producer gas then starts engine on gas mode.
vii. Governor linked control butterfly is provided to vary the gas quantity as per
electrical load on the generator, keeping frequency within limits.
viii. Engine gasifier control panel provides for all switching, indications and safety of
operation.
ix. An electric driven biomass cutter and engine hot exhaust based wood pieces drying
arrangement is also provided to make the system self-sufficient.
5.1.4 Bio-mass Feeding Mode and Frequency
The biomass is proposed to be fed manually on hourly basis.

5.15 Woody Biomass Fuel Size
The following size of the biomass fuel is to be used:
i. Maximum diameter and length : 75 mm and 100 mm respectively.
ii. Minimum diameter and length : 10 mm and 10 mm respectively.
5.16 Ash Removal
The ash is recommended to be removed continuously through proper control and water seal.
5.1.5 Starting Up
Starting up should be through DC Battery, which initially will provide auxiliary power to
DC scrubber pump to start gasifier system.
5.1.6 Reduction Bed Control
Automatic system control is proposed to be used to ensure reasonable constant rate of gas
flow and gasifier pressure drop without manual intervention for extended period.
5.1.7 Gasification Temperature and Temperature at Gasifier Outlet
These will be in the range of 1050C – 11000C and 3000C – 5000C approximately.
5.1.8 Gas Cleaning and Cooling System
Following is recommended for use:
i. Life of filter material : Minimum 1000 Hours
ii. Type of filter material : Non-woven fabric filter
iii. Cleaning interval : Minimum 50 Hours
iv. Max. permissible tar content : 50 mgm /m³
v. Max. permissible particulate content : 50 mgm /m³
vi. Gas quality : > 4.5 MJ/ m³
vii. Cooling system : Gas temp. at the engine inlet should
not exceed ambient temp. ± 5 ºC or 40
ºC, whichever is less
5.1.9 Blower
i. The blower should be of suitable rating and quantity as per the Standard
Specifications followed.
ii. The body and the impeller shall be made of SS-316 having thickness not less
than 2.5 mm and 2 mm respectively and suitable for the required flow rate and
pressure.
iii. The blower is required to be suitable for regulating the gas flow and its flaring as
and when necessary.
5.1.10 Pumps
Pumps of suitable rating and quality as per the Standard Specifications to be followed and
having preferably rotational speed of 1500 rpm should be provided for:
i. Cleaning and cooling of the producer gas, separately for each gasifier unit.
ii. Cleaning of ash pond(s).
5.1.11 Gasifier Control Panels
Control panels of suitable dimensions, quality material and thickness mounted with
protection equipment for required degree of protection and necessary indicators related to
the operation of vibrators, motors, blowers, pumps etc and sensing devices e.g. temperature
etc. as per relevant Standards are to be provided at appropriate locations as per Approved
drawings.
5.1.12 Technical Specifications
5.1.14.1Gas Engine (With Auxiliaries)
i. Rating
2 Nos. gas engines are recommended for installation, each engine rated for
approximately 5.5 kW but not less than the power corresponding to 5 kW generator
terminal output
.
ii. Access
a. Sufficient access space should be provided for easy inspection and dismantling
of the Gas Engine in- situ.
b. Access must be allowed to all sides of the gas engine and also the space to
dismantle it, for lubrication and O&M work.
iii. Balancing
Gas Engines should be statically and dynamically balanced before commissioning.
5.1.14.2 Gas Engine/Generator Base Frame
i. Gas Engine and the Generator is proposed to be mounted on a single steel base
frame fabricated from angle iron or channel, which should be set into or fixed to the
P.H. floor (separate fixing should be avoided in order to avoid tension stresses
occurring in the concrete floor). If the Gas Engine and the Generator are closely
coupled (i.e. their own frames are rigidly connected to each other), then the base
frame may be omitted.
ii. The Gas Engine and the Generator are proposed be fixed securely to the base frame
in a workshop before installation so that correct positioning may be achieved. This
shall avoid problems of bearing alignment and belt tensions during operations.
5.1.14.3Bearings
i. Position
The Gas Engine is proposed to be centrally mounted.
ii. Service Life
A 5 years’ service life may be acceptable for the bearings.
iii. Alignment
Bearings must be properly aligned. There should not be more than 2 bearings on one
shaft.
iv. Housing
With the bearing housing open, the housing should be 1/3rd full of clean grease.
v. Commissioning test
a. The bearing must turn freely and should not rattle. It should be possible to check
with a feeler gauge that the rolling element clearance is within the tolerances
recommended by the manufacturer.
b. There should be no heating of the bearing housing when the turbine has run for
some minutes.
c. The temperature of the bearing should not be over 60 ˚C when the gas engine has
run for 2 hours.
5.1.14.4Pressure Gauges / Other Instruments
i. Pressure Gauges
A pressure gauge is recommended to be provided in the P.H. to read the pressure of
Gas just before it enters the Gas Engine. It should have scale to read approximately
half- scale at gross head.
ii. Other Instruments
Other instruments of Standard make and quality should to be provided as per
requirement at appropriate locations.
5.1.14.5Safety Guards
All moving parts should be shielded by a strong and durable wire mesh. The size of
the wire mesh should be small enough to prevent the entry of hands and arms of the
children. The guards should be electrically earthed and kept permanently secured by
locks.

5.1.14.6Spare Parts
A set of recommended spare parts in respect of gasifier and gas engine for five
years’ successful operation should be provided.
5.1.14.7 Tools
i. Set of Tools
A set of tools is recommended to be provided. The set should include tools to test
alignment and case tolerances e.g. string, steel rule, measuring tape, square, feeler
gauge, dial gauge, sprit level etc.
ii. Tool Display Board
Tool locations should be silhouetted on a tool display board so as to immediately
make it apparent if a tool is in use or missing.
iii. Lifting hoists
Suitable lifting hoists be provided in the power house.
iv. Re-chargeable Lantern
A re-chargeable battery-powered lantern is proposed to be provided in the power
house.
5.1.14.8Type Tests
The type tests should be performed as per the relevant Standards followed. The
equipment offered should with stand these tests successfully or as per the
recommendations / methodology of Gasifier Action Research Projects (GARP)
carried out under the Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (MNES), Govt.
of India.
5.2 ELECTRO-MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
5.2.1 Type of Generator

Single phase, A.C. Synchronous generators are recommended to be provided.
5.2.2 Technical Specification
5.2.2.1 Generator (with Auxiliaries)
i. Nos. and Power Rating
2 Nos. synchronous generators, each rated at 5 kW terminal output, are to be
provided.
ii. Nominal Voltage of Generation, Frequency, and Power factor
a. The nominal voltage of generation with no load on the generator terminals
should be between 100% and 110% of 230 volts.
b. The operating frequency should be between 48.5 and 51.5 Hz.
c. The power factor rating is recommended to be 0.8 when an ELC is in use
except where all loads and the ELC present unity power factor.
d. Voltage regulation of ± 3% is proposed to be provided.
iii. Excitation System
Brush-less excitation system is recommended to be provided.
iv. Run-away Speed With-Stand Capability of Generator
The generator should be capable to continuously with-stand the run- away speed of
gas engine.
5.2.2.2 Protection System
i. Over Current and Earth Fault Protection
a. Over Current Protection
Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) or Molded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB)
of suitable rating should be used for the purpose. These should be placed as
close to the generator terminals as possible.

b. Earth Fault Protection
An earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB), also known as Residual current
device (RCD), of suitable rating is recommended to be provided as close to
the generator terminals as possible.
c. Ratings of above Protection
The maximum rating of the above protections should not be more than 10 %
of the current rating of the generator.
d. Location
The over current and the earth fault protection may be placed in the same
box with each one clearly labeled but the mounting should not be on the
generator body (so as to avoid vibration damage). These should be placed at
least 1m above the floor level and as close to the generator as possible with
properly fixed and sealed conduit protecting the cable to the generator.
The ELCB should be connected to the generator and then the over current
trip should be connected to the ELCB.
ii. Voltage and Frequency Trips
These are proposed to be provided to protect consumer loads from un-acceptable
voltages and frequency conditions. Over Voltage, Under Voltage, Over Frequency
and Under Frequency Trips are recommended to be provided:
5.2.2.3 Lightning Protection
To protect the power house and the consumers, lightning arrestors are proposed to be
provided on each phase as below:
i. 1 arrestor on the first pole out side the P.H. and 1 arrestor per km of distribution line,
ii. An additional arrestor, if a consumer is more than 500 m away from the arrestor.
5.2.2.4 Instrumentation
i. Placement
These, except the kWh meter, may be included on the controller box. The height
should be at the eye level or 1.5 m above the floor level.
ii. Meters
Voltmeter, Ammeter, Frequency meter, Wattmeter, Ballast meter (in ELC system, 3
ballast meters- 1 per phase) shall be provided.
5.2.2.5 Controllers, Governors and Flow Regulators
An Electronic Load Controller (ELC) or a combined electronic and flow governor
should be provided. The controller must be located in the P.H. together with the ballast
to ensure that the ballast is never disconnected.
5.2.2.6 Consumer Isolation Switch
A switch, rated at current equal to or higher than that of O/C trip, should be provided in the
P.H. to isolate the distribution system from the generator.
5.2.2.7D.C. Battery and Charging Dynamo
2 Sets (1 for each Unit) of Ni- Cad , 48 V, 50 Ah (approx.) D.C. Batteries with automatic
charging dynamo are proposed to be provided.
5.2.2.8 Earthing
i. The following should be effectively earthed:
a. The neutral of the generator.
b. All the metal casings of the electrical equipment etc.
ii. Precaution should be taken to prevent corrosion due to electrochemical effects,
which can be done by using copper conductor/ electrode for earthing, avoiding bi-
metal joints, or by maintaining air and water exclusion from bi-metal joints.
iii. ELCB (RCD) should be used for electrical safety.

iv. The earth conductor (connection from the earth terminal to the earth electrode)
should have a minimum cross-sectional area of not less than 25 sq. mm. A
permanent level “Safety Electrical Connection – DO NOT REMOVE” should be
provided.
5.2.2.9 Lighting
i. The P.H. is proposed be provided with adequate safe illumination: minimum 10
watts / sq. m. of floor area, if incandescent, or 3 watts / sq. m., if fluorescent.
ii. A battery-charged type lantern (emergency light) should be provided on display
board.
iii. A weather proof HPSV flood light should be provided out side, above the door, on
suitable fixtures providing 20 Lux illumination.
iv. Street lighting/Road should be provided with 20 Lux illumination using Approved
type lighting equipment & fixure (s).
5.2.2.10Conduits and Cables
i. Strong conduits, physically secured to all enclosures by means of threaded
connectors, should be used to protect all cables.
ii. The conduits should be sealed to the enclosure entrances.
iii. Since the cable inside the conduit from generator to over current- trip / ELCB box is
not protected from over currents and earth faults, adequate physical strength of
conduit should be ensured,
iv. The current carrying capacities of the cables, after taking in to account the de-rating
required for use of conduit and multiple cables, should not be less than 140% of the
rating of the over current protection device(s),
v. If the cables are felt over- warm on touching, it is an indication of these being under-
sized. The cables should be doubled or replaced in such cases.
5.2.2.11 Sockets
Two or more sockets (outlets) should be provided for use of electrical appliances. The
sockets should be placed at least 1 m above the floor.
5.2.2.12 Shielding
i. Cables and their connections to Units is proposed to be shielded both by conduit and
by their insulation. The connections should be with in the closed casings.
ii. All live surfaces and points should be fully and reliably shielded from human
contact.
iii. Door interlock isolators should hall be provided on control gear with voltages above
50 V so as to ensure safe working.
5.2.2.13 Hazards and Safety Provisions
The producer gas being a mixture of Carbon Monoxide, Hydrogen, Methane etc., toxic,
explosion and fire hazards are associated with it. Proper design, construction, operational
methodology etc. should be used to safe guard against the hazards e.g. :
i. To avoid gas leakage during start and closing operation.
ii. To avoid air leakage into cooled gasifier still containing gas.
iii. To avoid penetration during refueling.
iv. To avoid air leakage into the gas system.
v. Taking up precautions against:
a. Flames through gasifier.
b. High surface temperature.
c. Spark during refueling.
d. Providing suitable, adequate and approved fire protection equipment/system
for indoor and outdoor installations comprising;
* Foam Type Fire Extinguishers
* Carbon-Di-Oxide Type Fire Extinguishers
• Sand and water bucket Type Fire Extinguishers (including
a pit of adequate size located centrally and filled with dry sand).
5.2.2.14Safety Guards
Appropriate and approved safety guards are recommended to be provided.
5.2.2.15Tools
i. Required number and type of tools should be provided as per Operator’s Manual.
ii. The tools should be suitably located on tool display board.
5.3 MAINTENANCE MANUAL AND LOG BOOK
Three (3) copies of maintenance manual should be provided. A logbook, in the format as
per the Maintenance-Training Manual, should be provided.
5.4 PROPOSED SPARES
Following spares are recommended to be provided in the power house:

i. Instruments (Voltmeter, Ammeter, Pressure gauge,etc.), AVR, Digital Multi-meter,
Emergency rechargeable lights. etc.
ii. Lubricants like multipurpose grease and oils in dust free containers.
iii. Bearings, Bolts and nuts.
iv. Fuses, MCBs and ELCBs.
v. Cable connectors.
vi. Lightning arrestors.
vii. Ballast heaters.
viii. Rubber washers for the flange joints.
ix. Two lengths of penstock.
x. V-belts and couplings.
xi. A set of open-ended spanners, Flat and cross-head screwdrivers, Grease gun,
Bearing puller.
xii. Tool rack to neatly place the tools
xiii. Special tools like chain-pulleys, etc.
xiv. Spares required for the gasifier system.
xv. Spares required for the gas engine.

CHAPTER - 6
POWER EVACUATION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
6.1 CONSUMER VOLTAGE VARIATION AND POWER FACTOR
The consumer voltage shall be within ± 10% of 230 V and the P.F. shall not below 0.8
lag.
6.2 GENERATOR NEUTRAL EARTHING
The neutral of the generator and all the exposed bodies of the system are proposed to be
earthed.
6.3 PROVISION OF ELCBs AND LOAD LIMITORS
ELCBs (also known as RCDs) are to be provided as required. MCBs of proper size (0.5A
for 100 W and 1.0 A for 200 W) are recommended to be installed at the load points.
6.4 LIGHTNING PROTECTION
Suitable LAs are to be provided. The earth electrode resistance is recommended to be less
than 1Ω.
6.5 EARTHING
i. Earthing in the powerhouse should be as per the specifications of the Earth
Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB).
ii. It is not compulsory to draw an earth line in the distribution circuit.
iii. Earthing is proposed to be done as per the REC (Rural Electrification
Corporation) standard and in line with Indian Electricity Rules.
iv. No earthing is required other than the powerhouse earthing where consumer loads
are simple appliances e.g. lights, double insulated non-metal items like radios but
where the consumer loads may include metal appliances irons, water heaters etc
and earth connection must be installed for each consumer likely to use such loads.
6.6 DISTRIBUTION PLAN
i. LT distribution links are to be drawn as per the requirement keeping in mind the
location of house holds, their density, requirement of public (street) lighting, cost
of line, O & M requirement etc.
ii. A distribution diagram should be provided showing key line distribution
information:
a. Position of lightning arresters.
b. Voltage at powerhouse.
c. Positions of isolation switches and ELCBs.
d. Cross-sectional areas and the materials of the conductors.
e. Number of phases for each section.
f. Cable lengths.
g. Maximum load demands at the load centers (in Amp.).

h. Minimum expected voltages at all nodes and load centers.
iii. Load distribution design so as to enable proper balancing of load on all the links.
6.7 ISOLATORS / FUSES / ELCBs
i. All the consumer circuits should be provided with isolation switches and fuses or
MCBs and labeled in local language. A well-illustrated electrical book-let is to be
provided for each house hold.
ii. If the number of consumers is large, isolation switches shall be provided to cluster
of consumers.
iii. Where the number of consumers is large and spurious triggering of a single ELCB
in the power house poses a problem, it is recommended that clusters are protected
by ELCBs. These can be located in side the power house or out side in water
proof housing. In the later case, it is recommended that the power house is also
fitted with an ELCB having reduced sensitivity and response time.
iv. The earth faults are required to be located with out undue delay. This can be
provided by an ELCB. If the P.H. ELCB trips, the first step is to isolate the P.H.
and then restart the generator. If the P.H. ELCB stays un-tripped, the fault is in
the distribution system. Then isolate clusters of consumers or all individual
consumers. Progressive switching in of consumers will reveal the location of
fault.
v. It is recommended to install a single ELCB of 150 m A rating or less at the P.H.
to protect each circuit. A single 30 m A ELCB is recommended for the load points
using loads more than 1 kW.
6.8 LOAD LIMITERS
MCBs of appropriate size (0.5 A for 100W and 1 A for 200 W) are recommended to be at
load points and PVC insulated cables of 1mm sq. for house wiring for maximum load of
less than 200 W.
6.9 CABLES
i. Aluminium, copper, ACSR and high strength aluminium alloy overhead cables
are recommended for use (under ground cables, being costly, may not be used).
ii. Minimum ground clearances for overhead lines are 5.8m across motorable roads,
5.5m by the side of motorable roads and 3 m over open ground. The minimum
horizontal top clearance is 1.5 m.
iv. In heavily vegetated or forested areas, insulated cables are recommended for use.
v. Sags and tensions of cables, size of poles, types of insulators etc. are to be used as
per the REC construction Standards.
vi. Selection of conductors shall be as per the REC construction standards.
vii. The spacing shall be 300mm between conductors for a vertical arrangement of
overhead lines and the neutral conductor shall be at the lowest.
viii. The joints must be durable, strong, adequate for their purpose and visible. Bi-
metallic clamps should be used for joints, which connect dissimilar metals.

6.10 TYPE OF POLES
6.10.1 Materials
This could be hard wood, reinforced or pre-stressed concrete or galvanized pipe. The
wooden poles should be treated / painted and the steel poles painted for longer life. If
care for safety can be ensured, the trees may be used for laying the cables.
6.10.2 Height of Poles

i. 7m high poles for insulated cable network, up to 10 sq. mm cable size.
ii. For cable size of 10 sq. mm and up to 35 sq. mm, 9 poles are to be used.
iii. For un-insulated cables and bundled cables, the height of poles should be 9 m and
13 m respectively.
6.10.3 Span of Poles
Following span is recommended for distribution system for houses. The span length for
the distribution line running cross country may be taken as 60 to 90 m as per the site
requirement. The span length may be higher for the line through hilly areas.
i. For single phase system:
a. Up to 16 sq. mm insulated wire : 2 core, maximum span should be of 30 m.
b. Above 16 sq. mm and up to 35 sq. mm: maximum span should be 25 m.
ii. For three phase system:
REC national Standards shall be followed for span and length for AAC or ACSR
bare conductors.
6.10.4 Insulators
i. For bare cables, LT insulators are recommended for use.
ii. For insulated cables, nylon bobbins or telecom insulators may be used as partial
insulators.
iii. The connections are to be carried out as per REC Standards.
6.10.5 Stays
Stays must be used at the first and the last poles of the straight lines and also at any turns.
6.10.5 Span and Sag

Span and sag shall be provided as the REC Standards.
6.11 HOUSE WIRING
i. MCBs shall be used as load limiters as incoming protection device (0.5A for 100
W and 1 A for 200 W). Appropriate MCBs are to be installed as the main
incomers for other loads.
ii. One circuit with 1 sq. mm cable can be used for installations up to 1kW. The wire
shall be of 600 V grade insulation.
iii. Standard switches designed for 230 V AC shall be used.
v. Conduits shall be used wherever mechanical protection is needed and the wires
can be clipped onto the wooden parts for running on the roof section.

6.12 TEMPER PROOFING
Individual units, e.g. controller box, shall be provided with temper proofing or be sealed
to ensure assess by the specialist service technicians only.
6.13 MAINTENANCE MANUAL
Maintenance manual should be provided and kept in place for use during O & M of PH.
6.14 LABELS AND NOTICES
i. Al electrical components; particularly switches, protection trips, circuit breakers,

fuses etc.; shall carry labels describing their functions.
ii. H.V. winding labels shall be placed on all cabinet doors, terminal covers etc.
iii. A circuit diagram shall be provided in each individual unit such as the controller.
iv. A block diagram showing overall electrical lay out shall be provided in the P.H.
and it shall be durable and accessible.
v. An illustrated notice, in local language, shall be provided to warn the people of
the danger of electrocution. It shall be durable, within easy view and contain
practical information on preventing and coping with electrocution and electric
shock.
6.15 LINE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
i. Generator neutral earthing and all the exposed metal bodies of the installation
shall be earthed at the installation.
ii. Use of ELCBs: residual current devices (RCD) shall be provided.
iii. Size and class of wire: the wire shall be 600 V grade. Appropriate size of the
cable shall be provided taking into consideration voltage drop requirement and
length of the circuit – 1 sq. mm cable can be used for circuit length of 30 m (with
voltage drop provision of 4 % from the origin of the installation)
6.16 SELECTION OF CABLE
Selection of cables should be made keeping in view the basic requirements, cost
effectiveness and the environmental etc.

CHAPTER – 7
TESTING AND COMMISSIONING
7.1 TESTING
Testing of equipment and works are recommended to be carried out as per the
relevant I.S./ I.E.C. / any other equivalent Standards/recommendations of the Gasifier
Action Research Projects (GARP) under MNES, Govt. of India.
7.2 COMMISSIONING
After the erection and testing of the equipment/works as per above, commissioning of
the plant and works should be carried out to ensure activities of functional testing of
the complete system after erection and testing, including tuning or adjustment of the
equipment for optimum performance and demonstrating to the Purchaser that the
equipment performance meets the requirements of the specifications.
7.3 ACCEPTANCE TESTS AT SITE
It is proposed to carry out tests to obtain the guaranteed out put and efficiency at the
site as per the recommendations of the standards.

CHAPTER – 8
PROJECT IMPLIMENTATION STRATAGY
8.1 GENERAL
A three-tier arrangement is proposed for project implementation as discussed below.
8.2 ARRANGEMENT
8.2.1 Nodal Agency
M.P. Urja Vikas Nigam Ltd., Bhopal will be the nodal agency. The nodal agency is
proposed to have the following functions:
i. Obtaining project approval form MNES, Government of India.
ii. Receiving funds from MNES and disbursement thereof as required.
iii. Coordination with the M.P. Forest Department at various levels.
iv. Arrangement of land for installation of the plant & the system and for the
plantation of Subabool.
v. Preparation of Bid document as per the model specifications to be issued by
the MNES, floating tender, receiving Bids & processing it, placing order,
checking design, drawings etc., overall supervision of the project
implementation, testing & commissioning etc.
vi.. Overall coordination for project implementation and its Operation and
Maintenance during 5 year’s contractual period and there-after.
vii. Arrangement for funding of project etc.
8.2.2 M.P. Forest Department
Following functions are proposed to be carried put by the M.P. Forest Department:
i. Motivation and formation of Village Energy Committee (VEC) or motivating
the existing Van Suraksha Samiti to serve as or make VEC.
ii. Creating awareness and interest amongst the villagers.
iii. Providing 4 plots,1 for the Nursery, 3 for growing Subabul, and 1 plot for
location of the gasifier & the power plant.
iv. Monitoring and coordination as required for project success.
8.2.3 Village Energy Committee
The VEC is proposed to carry out the following functions:
i. Motivation and creating interest amongst the villagers for success of the
project.
ii. Collection of initial contribution from the villagers towards installation of the
Plant and the System.
iii. Collection of monthly payment from the users.
iv. Arrangement for plantation for continuous availability of Biomass (in
cooperation and coordination with the M.P. Forest Department):
a. Preparation of ground, sowing the seeds, watering, fertilizer input, use of
pesticide if required etc.
b. Transplantation in the plots ear-marked for Subabul plantation.
c. Watering, routine after-care.
d. Watch and ward.
e. Annual cleaning of the area.
f. Harvesting by rotation.
g. Supplying of the plants logs to the Biomass store shed.
v. Arrangement and supervision of the record.
vi. Arrangement / appointment of manager, operators etc. for running of the plant
and system as required.
vii. Operation of Bank Account.
CHAPTER – 9
CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME
9.1 PRE-CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
Pre-construction activities, viz: preparation of bid-document, purchase of bid-

document by prospective bidders, study and submission of bid will take some time. It
will be followed by opening of bid, its finalization, and placement of order and
signing of contract. A period of 3 months is considered sufficient for these activities
and provided in the Bar Chart.
9.2 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES / PERIOD
9.2.1 Construction Activities

Construction activities have been shown in the Bar Chart (Fig. 9.1). The period for
various construction activities have been taken as below:
Days
i. Contractors mobilization 15
ii. Survey & Investigation 15
iii. Preparation of Drawings & Documents & Submission 30
iv. Checking of Drawings, Documents & Approval 30
v. Construction of Civil Works 60
vi. Manufacture & Supply of Equipment, Material F.O.R. Site 75
vii. Installation of Gasifier System 30
viii. Installation of Generator & Auxiliaries 15
ix. Installation of Control, Protection & Metering System 15
x. Installation of Distribution System 30
xi. Installation of House Wiring & Meters (Where necessary) 30
xii. Testing & Commissioning
a. Generating Unit 15
b. Others Works 15
xiii. Trial Run 30
Considering the over lapping periods of the various activities, the total period of
construction will be 12 months only.
9.2.2 Period of Trial Run

Trial run period of 30 days has been considered to ensure safe and reliable operation
of the plant as it has been noticed that at times the plant is erected & commissioned
but then it goes out of operation for some reason or the other and then, the plant
remains idle for a considerable period before being put back on operation.
The place being remote, located deep in the forest and connected through kachcha
forest road which becomes problematic during monsoons and rainy days, some period
is likely to be lost causing delays. Some time margin has been considered for the
same. However, the contractor may finish the whole work in lesser period if possible.
The O & M will start after successful commissioning and operational trial of the
plant and the system.

9.3 BIOMASS SUPPLY FOR THE PLANT
The Subabool plantation is going to take some time and additional period is required
for the growth to the size enough for use. It is proposed that plantation be made
immediately after the survey and investigation work is over. During the period of
initial run of the plant, part supply may be taken from the Subabool plots and balance
from the forest. Thereafter, the Subabool plots will have sufficient quantity of
Subabool and no Biomass will be required to be taken from the forest.
9.4 CONTRACTUAL PERIOD OF O & M
The O & M is proposed to be carried out by the contractor for initial 5 years and
thereafter the plant will be run by the villagers.

CHAPTER -10
ESTIMATE AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
10.1 COST OF THE PLANT AND SYSTEM
The cost of the civil works, plant and the system, is shown in Tables – 10.2, 10.3,
10.4, 10.5 & 10.6 the over all cost estimate in Table – 10.1.
TABLE 10.1 : COST ESTIMATE
Sl. Items Cost

No. (Rs. in Lacs)
1 2 3
I Works
A Preliminary
0.250
B Land (as per Table 10.2) 0.00
C Civil Works (as per Table 10.3) 3.643
J Power Plant System (as per Table 10.4) 8.000
H Distribution System (as per Table 10.5) 5.600
K Buildings 0.000
M Plantation (Subabul Plantation for Biomass) 0.940
O Miscellaneous 0.000
Total I – Woks 18.433
I Establishment (2% of I works excluding Buildings) 0.369
II Suspense Nil
III Receipts and recoveries (-) Nil
IV Indirect Charges (1% of I – works for Audits Accounts) 0.184
Total Project Cost 18.986
AHEC/ Model DPR/Hilly 40 HH/BEP 30

TABLE – 10.2: COST OF LAND
Sl. Item Unit Qty. Rate Amount
No. (Rs. (Rs. Lacs)
Lacs)
1 2 3 4 5 6
1. Land for Biomass Sq. m 300 0.001 0.00
Power Plant To be provide by villagers
2. Land for Subabul Ha 5.4 0.200 0.00
Plantation To be provide by van samiti
and forest department
Total 0.00
TABLE – 10.3: COST OF CIVIL WORKS

No. (Rs. Lacs) (Rs. Lacs)
1 2 3 4 5 6
1. 5.0 m x 3.0 m Biomass store shed with open Sq. m 15 0.05 0.750
yard (5.0 m x 4.0 m)
2. Gasifier Shed with foundation of gassifier unit Sq. m 7.5 0.015 0.113
3.0 m x 2.5 m gasifier shed (as per drg.)
3. 3.0 m x 2.0 m power house building (As per Sq. m 6 0.08 0.480
drg.)
4. 3.50 m x 3.0 m control room (as per drg.) Sq. m 10.5 0.08 0.840
5. Toilet (1.5m X 3.0m) Sq. m 4.5 0.10 0.360
6. Water Supply System LS 0.500
7. Over head water storage (3000 l, PVC Tank) at LS - - 0.200
a height of 6 m on fabricated platform
8. Approach Road LS 0.200
9. Cooling Pond LS - - 0.100
10. Miscellaneous works 2.0 m x 1.50 m x 1.50 m LS 0.100
Total 3.643

TABLE – 10.4: COST OF THE PLANT
1 2 3 4 5 6
1. Woody biomass gassifier along with 100% Set 1 6.20 6.200
producer gas based engine along with
generator to give net generator terminal
output 10 kW along with basic Gassifier
accessories & auxiliaries with a double
valve assembly for online ash charcoal
removal system, Gassifier & engine control
panel along with Ampere, volt, frequency
and kWh meter as well as load panel for
load distribution, and complete gas piping
along with valves from gassifier to gas
engine.
2. Wood drying arrangement (Based on Set 1 0.105 0.105
Engine Exhaust)
3. Cooling System Complete pump, piping etc. LS - - 0.250
4. Biomass Cutter No. 1 0.17 0.170
5. Moisture Meter No. 1 0.05 0.050
6. Earthing Kit Set 1 0.115 0.115
7. Chain Pulley Block Set 1 0.115 0.115
8. Miscellaneous LS - - 0.500
9. Installation, Commissioning Training of LS - - 0.500
staff including Service Tax
Total 8.000
TABLE – 10.5: COST OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

1 2 3 4 5 6
1. L T Distribution Line, km 5 1.00 5.00
2. Service Connections Nos. 40 0.01 0.40
3. Street Lights Nos. 20 0.01 0.20
Total 5.60

TABLE – 10.6 : COST OF THE BIOMASS DEVELOPMENT PLAN

1 2 3 4 5 6
1. Plantation of saplings No. 5.4 Ha 0.10 0.540
2. Training Etc. LS - - 0.200
3. Miscellaneous including Subabul Nursery LS - - 0.200
etc.
Total 0.940
10.2 FUNDING FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PLANT Rs. Lacs
i. By Grant From MNES : 4.24

ii. Contribution by Villagers @ Rs. 1000/per HH : 0.400
iii. Contribution by Nodal Agency : 14.346
Total 18.986
10.3 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
The financial analysis has been carried out as per Tables –10.7, 10.8, 10.9 & 10.10.
The cost of generation and the results are given below:
10.3.1 Cost Of Generation
i. Without Subsidy Rs./kWh
a. At 80% LF : 18.037
b. At 60% LF : 24.049
ii. With Subsidy Rs./kWh
a. At 80% LF : 15.465
b. At 60% LF : 20.620

TABLE 10.7 : COST OF GENERATION WITHOUT SUBSIDY
Items Rs. In Lacs
Sl. No.
1 2 3
1 Project Cost 18.986
2 Annual Interest during Construction 0.627
3 Total Project Cost 19.613
4 Annual working expenses (as per table 10.9) 1.333
5 Interest @ 12 % on total project cost 2.354
6 Total annual expenses 3.687
7 Annual generation at power house (Million Units)
i. At 80% Load Factor 0.0204
ii. At 60% Load Factor 0.0153
8 Cost of generation per kWh (in Rs)
i. At 80 % Load Factor Rs. 18.037
ii. At 60% Load Factor Rs. 24.049
TABLE 10.8 : COST OF GENERATION WITH SUBSIDY

Sl. No. Items Rs. in Lacs
1 2 3
1 Project Cost 18.986
2 Capital Subsidy As per MNES 4.240
3 Balance Project Cost 14.746
4 Annual Interest during Construction 0.487
5 Total Project Cost 15.233
6 Interest @ 12 % on total project cost 1.828
7 Annual working expenses ( as per table 10.9) 1.333
8 Total annual expenses 3.161
9 Annual generation at power house (Million Units)
i. At 80% Load Factor 0.0204
10 Cost of generation per kWh (in Rs.)
i. At 80 % Load Factor 15.465

TABLE 10.9 : STATEMENT OF YEARLY WORKING EXPENSES
Sl. Items Cost

No. (Rs. In Lacs)
1 2 3
1 Operation cost @ 1% of works cost 0.190
2 Maintenance cost of C-works @ 1% 0.036

3 Maintenance of E&M works @ 2% 0.272
4 Annual depreciation charges (as per Table – 10.10) 0.835
Total 1.333
TABLE 10.10: ANNUAL DEPRECIATION OF ASSETS
Sl. Items Life in Cost (Rs. Lacs) Rate of Depreciation

No. years Depreciation in % Rs. Lacs
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 Land Infinity 0.00 NIL NIL
2 Civil Works 35 3.64 3.40 0.124
3 Plant & System 35 8.00 3.40 0.272
4 LT Distribution 25 5.60 7.84 0.439
System
Total 0.835
TABLE 10.11 CALCULATION OF SUBSIDY FROM MNES
Sl. Items Cost

No. (Rs. In Lacs)
1 For Biomass Gasifier System 2.700
2 For internal wiring house hold @ Rs. 1500/HH for 40 HH 0.600
3. From regular supply of biomass 0.940
Total 4.240

CHAPTER -11
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF PLANT & SYSTEM
11.1 GENERAL
After the plant and system is tested commissioned and the trial period is over, the
operation and maintenance for 5 years period will be the responsibility of the contractor
who has supplied, erected tested and commissioned the plant and the system. The
contractor may net use100% of his own staff and may require certain number of
additional persons for managing O&M under the guidance of his limited staff.
The Village Energy Committee (VEC) may arrange for the above mentioned additional
persons from amongst the people of the village, depending on the age, physical & mental
health, willingness and the educational qualifications. An executive committee (EC) may
be formed by the VEC for regular supervision and monitoring of O&M of the plant and
the system with the help the staff to be appointed by the VEC.
11.2 SUPERVISION AND MONITORING OF O&M
i. Executive Committee
The VEC will make an Executive Committee of 5 persons which will supervise
and monitor:
a. Day to day functioning of the plant & system.
b. Day to collection of revenue & Expenditure.
ii. Staff
Following Staff is proposed to be appointed by the VEC from amongst the
villagers:
a. Manager : 1 No.
b. Operational Staff : 6 Nos.
iii. Record Keeping
Following record is suggested to be kept and maintained by the EC.
a. Daily wood stock receipt indicating: Sl. No., Date Name of Villager and
Quantity (kg)/Rate/Value.
b. Stock Register recording : Sl. No., Date, Quantity Received.
c. Issue Register: Recording Sl. No., Date, Quantity issued and signatures of
the receiver.
d. Ledger showing daily receipt and issue of wood.
e. Cash receipt register.
f. Cash book.
g. Ledger.
h. Bank Pass Book & Cheque Book.
i. General Stock & Issue Register.
j. Register for Consumables.

iv. Supervision & Maintenance of Record
a. The manager will keep maintain the record, write cash book & maintain
the account.
b. VEC executive will check the accounts monthly.
c. General Meeting of VEC will be held every quarter in which manager will
place before it the records, accounts and status of the plant.
d. An annual audit of accounts assets and liabilities will be got carried out by
a competent chartered Account appointed for the purpose by the Nodal
Agency.
e. Appropriate action will be taken by the Nodal Agency after careful
examination .

CHAPTER – 12
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND BENEFITS
12.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
i. There are no harmful effluents from gasifier. Water is re-circulated in closed loop
from cooling pond to gasifier scrubber. One has to replenish water pond to
compensate evaporation losses and that depends upon number of units generated
in a day, Usually, ½ liter of water per unit of electricity generated is to be added
as make up water.
ii. Any mud free water can be used for gasifi9er cooling pond and hence, it does not
require any special water treatment but occasionally pH of water is to be
maintained.
iii. The other discharges from gasifier are charcoal and ash. Both are of biological
nature and biodegradable. 10% dry charcoal can be used again in gasifier while
rest can be used as cooking fuel or as an activated carbon in air dryer or as
earthing material in electrical towers/connections. As may be used as filling
materials in large pits or briquettes of ash can be made and sold as fuel cake.
iv. Gas from gasifier is fed directly into engine without any atmospheric discharge
while flare is given to occasionally check the quality of gas generated in gasifier
and during the stoppage of the system.
v. The major gaseous emission from the power pack is from engine exhaust only.
Exhaust from gas e4ngine using producer gas is cleaner than conventional fuel
due to absence of sulphur in biomass.
vi. Gasifier being a renewable source of energy equipment is considered greener
technology free from any major environmentally adverse effects.
vii. Gasifier does not have any noise making components except motors.
viii. The requirement of cooling and cleaning water being very small (since the same
water will be circulated), the impact on environment will be negligible.
ix. The CO2 released will be absorbed by the growing plants during photosynthesis
keeping the CO2 level low and therefore, the plant will hardly cause any air
pollution.
x. The ash produced by the gasifier is not due to its woody origin and will not cause
appreciable environmental pollution and the ash can be safely disposed off.
xi. The land required for the plant machinery is low and there will hardly be any
adverse impact.
xii. The land required for plantation will be made available from the area where
natural biomass is already growing but in low density. Therefore it will not cause
any harmful impact. Instead, the plantation grown will be good for further
improvement
xiii. The noise generated by the plant will be less than 65 db near the entrance of the
plant thus causing negligible impact on the enviroment.

12.2 BENEFITS
i. There will be saving of 2 to 3 litres of Kerosene per HH per month i.e. 1 kilolitre
per annum.
ii. The villager use wood also for lighting as the equipment of kerosene received by
them is not enough for lighting of about half an hour one an hour or so. There will
be saving of this wood also.
iii. There will be awareness amongst the villagers about use and misuse of forest
which will ultimately result in saving of forest from unintentional destriction (at
present the village cause fire to clear the way in the forest for getting wood and do
no care to ensure that the fire is not left as such to cause unintentional damage of
forest.
iv. The plant will help increase employment generation directly and indirectly.
v. The children will be able to study better due to availability of light for good
number of hours in the late evenings.
vi. Availability of power will help micro-enterpreneurs in achieving better economy.

LIST OF PERSONNEL INVOLVED
AHEC, IIT, RORKEE
1. Shri Arun Kumar, Head, AHEC.

2. Shri M. K. Singhal, SSO, AHEC.
3. Shri Vijay Saini, SRF, AHEC.
CONSULTANT
Shri Y. S. Jadaun, Former Chief Engineer (UPSEB).
ASSISTANTS
1. Shri R. K. Singhal, Technical Assistant.

2. Shri Chandra Pal Singh, Senior Attendant.

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Govt.

of India, New Delhi

Biomass Gasifier Based Electric Power Project (1x10 kW)

Road from Kuppa

Biomass Gasifier Based Electric Power Project (1x10 kW)

CHAPTER – 1 BACKGROUND AND BASIC DATA

CHAPTER – 2 POWER/ENERGY REQUIREMENT AND INSTALLED

CHAPTER – 3 BIO-MASS MANAGEMENT FOR THE PLANT

CHAPTER – 5 ELECTROMECHANICAL WORKS

6.1 Consumer Voltage Variation and Power Factor 22

CHAPTER – 7 TESTING & COMMISSIONING

CHAPTER – 8 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY

CHAPTER – 9 CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME

9.1 Pre-Construction Activities 28

CHAPTER – 10 ESTIMATES AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

CHAPTER – 11 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF PLANT

CHAPTER – 12 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND BENEFITS

i. Maps of Village Bod (District Betul) Fig. 1.1

1. Category “A – 1” Village with 40 households in the hilly area.

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Hilly 40 HH/BEP

1.3 CIVIL STRUCTURES (Date given here are Tentative only)

Proposed Land for:

1.4 POWER HOUSE (Date given here are Tentative only)

i. Gassifier Type : Down Draft

1.5 POWER EVACUATION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Hilly 40 HH/BEP S-2

i. Power and System Plant : Rs. 18.986 Lacs

1.7 ESTIMATED COST OF GENERATION

ii. With Subsidy

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Hilly 40 HH/BEP S-3

Office of Van Suraksha Samiti

Photo-2 : A View of the Office of Van Suraksha Samiti. The Village

Photo-4 : A View of The Central Part of the Village Bod.

Photo-5 : Right Side View of the Village Bod.

1.2 PROJECT SPONSOR

1.3 NODAL AGENCY & ASSOCIATED ORGANIZATIONS

Reconnaissance surveys were undertaken to various remote villages located in the

1.5 ABOUT THE VILLAGE BOD (DISTT. BETUL, M.P.)

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Hilly 40 HH/BEP 2

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Hilly 40 HH/BEP 3

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Hilly 40 HH/BEP 4

2.1.1 Vocation of Remote Electrification

2.2 POWER / ENERGY REQUIREMENT

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Hilly 40 HH/BEP 5

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Hilly 40 HH/BEP 6

2.3 RESOURCE AVAILABILITY

i. The above remote electrification scheme requires a suitable, continuous and

i. It should have a simple workable access or possibility of making such access at

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Hilly 40 HH/BEP 7

2.4 NODAL AGENCY FOR INSTALLTION OF THE PLANT

Supervision, Planning, Designing, Processing the purchase case, Placement of order,

2.5 O & M ACTIVITIES

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Hilly 40 HH/BEP 8

MU- Multipurpose uses

3.2 BIOMASS RESOURCE

1. Sri Baghel, SDO Forest, M. P. 1. Sri Anil Misra, SDO Forest, M. P.

3.3 REQUIREMENT OF SUBABUL PLNTS & THE LAND FOR GROWING

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Hilly 40 HH/BEP 9

3.4 METHODOLOGY FOR CONTINUOUS AVAILABILITY OF BIOMASS

3.4.1 Area Required for Plantation and Nursery