1

Notes #10-Introduction to Trigonometry

Name Abbre- Ratio

viation

Sine Sin Opp/hyp

Cosine Cos Adj/hyp

Tangent Tan Opp/adj

Cosecant Csc Hyp/opp

Secant Sec Hyp/Adj

Cotangent Cot Adj/Opp

Reciprocal Relations:
sin A = 1/csc A Csc A = 1/ sin A

Cos A= 1/sec A Sec A = 1/ cos A

Tan A= 1/cot A Cot A= 1/ tan A

Find the following:

1. Given this triangle, Sin K= _______ Cos K=_______

Tan K= ________ Sin L=_________

Cos L= ________ Tan L= ________

 2

2. Given this triangle, find

Sin x=________________

Cos x=________________

3. Given this triangle: Sin A= _______

Cos A=_______

Tan A= ________

Sin B=_________

Cos B= ________

Tan B= ________

2 3 B) Find the following:

4. If sin x=
5
Cos x=___________________
A)Draw your triangle below:
Tan x=____________________

Sec x=___________________

CSC x =______________________

Cot x=____________________

Special Right Triangles: 30º - 60º - 90º

Hypotenuse = 2 * Short Leg

Long Leg = Short Leg * 3

 3

Find the value of x and y in each triangle.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5) 6)

Special Right Triangles: 45º - 45º - 90º

If the length of one leg is given then If the length of the hypotenuse is given then:

. Divide the hypotenuse by the square root of 2 to

find the legs (which are equal).

Find the value of x in each triangle.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.
 4

Radians and Degrees:

To convert to degrees multiply 
To convert to radians multiply by
180
180
by. .


Convert the following to radians

1)1350

2)5400

3)-2700

Convert the following to degrees

4) 5)
 5

The basic 30-60-90 triangle looks like this:

The basic 45-45-90 triangle looks like this:

  
5.A)find sin B)2 cos C) tan 2
6 4 3

  
6. A)cot B)tan C)2 sin
4 6 3

7) Without using a calculator evaluate

A) B)
 6

A>Using a calculator Please round your answers to the nearest hundredths place.

4) cot 42o

5) sec 68o

6)csc 47o

7)

8)

9)

10)

11)

12)
 7

B>Finding Missing Sides of a Right Triangle

Pythagorean Theorem works if you know 2 out of 3 sides, but when you only have one side then
you need to use trigonometry.

Exa.

2.
1.

4.
3.
 8

Find the measure of each missing angle to

the nearest degree.
 9

D) WHAT QUADRANT ARE WE IN ?

Quadrant One only contains 0 to 90

degrees

Quadrant two contains 90 to 180,

Quadrant Three contains 180 to 270

degrees.

Quadrant four contains 270 to 360.

What quadrant is the angle in?

1. -120 ________________ 2. 320_____________________

4. 700 degrees

3.

5. -320 6. 220

7. 480 8. -330
 10

The LITTLE BOW TIE: is to help you remember how to draw the triangle in each quadrant

What are the general rules of finding

reference angles?
- QI: it is the reference angle
- QII:   180 
- QIII:    180
- QIV:   360 
 11

Example #3.

Example #4
 12

1. Find the reference angle for the following:

A)300 B)-145 C)225

D)-225 E)315
 13

2. Find the reference angle for the following: 3. Find the reference angle for the

Following

To Find Trigonometric Values of an Angle:

1. Determine the quadrant where the terminal side is located
2. Find the reference angle
3. From the quadrant, determine if the value’s sign is + or -
4. Find the value with the correct sign
 14

5. DO NOT USE A CALCULATOR AND EVALUATE:

6.Without a calculator find the following:

A)tan 300 B)sec 225

7. Without a calculator find the following:

 3 
A)sin   B)tan 210
 4 

8. Without using a calculator evaluate:

  
A) cos   B)csc (-135)
 3 
 15

9. Without using a calculator evaluate:

 5    
A)sin   B)cot  
 3   4 

10 A)tan 570 B)sin 330

11A)sec 60 + tan245 B) sin 135

12) A) tan330 B) sec260

13 A) cos 135 B)tan 135

14A) cos (-120) B)cot (-120)

 16

15A)sec -120 B) cos 315

16A)sin 240 B) cos 300

17A)cos 150 B)sin (-150)

Quadrantal Angles- These are angles that measure 90, 180,270,360.

In order to evaluate quadrantal angles, it is easier to look at the graph of the three main trig
functions.

This is the graph of y= sin x This is the graph of y=cosx

 17

This is the graph of y=tan x

So whenever you have one of these quadrantal angles just look at the graph and evaluate it from
the graph.

Examples:

   2)sin 450
1) csc  
 2 

     
3.tan   4. csc 2    cos 2  
2 2 6

  6. cos 360 + tan 45 –sin 270

5. sin 2    tan 2 
2