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    Napoleon Bonaparte Domestic Policies-1

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    Kudakwashe Takavada
    History paper 2 topic

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    Napoleon Bonaparte Domestic Policies-1

    Uploaded by

    Kudakwashe Takavada
    234 views23 pages
    History paper 2 topic

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    Napoleon Bonaparte domestic policies-1

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    History paper 2 topic

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    Download as pdf or txt
    234 views23 pages

    Napoleon Bonaparte Domestic Policies-1

    Uploaded by

    Kudakwashe Takavada
    History paper 2 topic

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 23

    Napoleon Bonaparte’s

    Domestic policies.
    Theresa Shamiso sibanda
    Mount pleasant high school
    Cell:0774658065

    ©
    Introduction

    Napoleon Bonaparte believed that he was neither of the French revolution nor of the
    ancient regime.
    He believed that what works is what is right.
    He took some of the policies from the French revolution and others from the ancient
    regime.
    In actual fact he compromised the two periods.
    Napoleon realized that the French no longer need the revolution but peace and order.
    So Napoleon devoted himself in crafting policies that created peace and order in
    France.
    Peace and order was going to make it possible for him to build a strong economy and
    enable business to thrive.
    Napoleon’s aims in his Domestic policies

    Napoleon Bonaparte’s aim in his domestic policy was :


    To consolidate his power in France.
    To gain Roman Catholic support.
    To restore peace and order in France (soldier hatred of disorder.)
    To revive French economy.
    To maintain three ideals of the French revolution liberty equality and fraternity.
    To consolidate the gains of the French revolution.
    To gain personal glory.
    Social policies

    Career open
    to Talent
    Code
    Napoleon
    Legion of
    Social Policies Honour

    Concordat Education
    Political policies

    Dictatorship

    Centralization

    Code Napoleon
    Political
    policies

    Constitution of
    1799
    Economic policies

    Public works
    Bank of
    France
    Economic
    Policies
    Industry and
    commerce
    Centralization

    Napoleon divided the state into three:


    Departments under prefects.
    Arrondisements under sub prefects.
    Communes under mayors.
    Napoleon Bonaparte appointed and dismissed prefects at will.
    Prefects then appointed sub prefects and mayors.
    Napoleon Bonaparte appointed people who imbued with same spirit and devotion with
    him.
    The prefects carried out instructions from Napoleon Bonaparte
    The structures of government were created during the revolution.
    communes (Paris commune)department(83departments )created.
    Career open to talent

    Career open to talent is a concept which was borrowed from the French revolution.
    It emphasized that there should be equal promotion in military and civil promotion(A
    ugust 4 decrees.)
    Napoleon Bonaparte promoted all men of talent regardless of their class.
    Talented men were promoted to top posts in government and in the army.
    These talented people became his personal advisors.
    Murat is one example of people promoted because of his talent.
    Murat was son of a inn keeper (from low class) and he was promoted to become an
    army commander later king of Naples.(when joseph was sent to Spain.)
    In this case then Napoleon Bonaparte qualifies to called a child of the revolution or heir
    as he consolidated the gains of the French revolution.(concept of equality stated in
    august 4 decrees)
    Legion of Honour

    Legion(group) of honored men. Napoleon created a special class of honored men.


    Napoleon honored talented men.
    He recognized men of talent and rewarded them with merits and awards(medals)this
    group of special talented people acted as his personal advisors.
    They became some kind of nobility.
    They were awarded with pieces of land .(acquired after conquering Grand Dutchy of
    Warsaw and Westphalia.
    This recreation of special class is not a concept of the French revolution but of the
    ancient regime.
    He was departing from revolution or August 4decrees that removed the class system.
    In this scenario Napoleon does not qualify to be called an heir of the French revolution.
    Instead he is departing from the French revolution.
    Constitution of 1799

    Napoleon realized that the French people at that time did not want a revolution but
    peace and order.
    He decided to gave people of France a constitution of 1799.
    The constitution of 1799 was drafted by Napoleon with the assistance coming from
    Abbe sieyees.
    He appointed Abbe sieyees the great constitutionalist assisted him to come up
    with a perfect constitution.
    The constitution embodied three ideals of the French revolution, liberty equality and
    fraternity.
    Concordat

    Concordat was an agreement between the pope and Catholic church and the
    government.
    Napoleon wanted to mend the relationship that was jeopardized by the French
    revolution.
    Napoleon realized the majority of the French were Catholics and needed catholic
    support.
    The terms of the concordat were dictated to the pope by Napoleon Bonaparte.
    The concordat was just a replica of the civil constitution of the clergy.(ccc)
    Napoleon then qualifies to be called a child or heir of the French revolution.
    Napoleon consolidated what the revolutionary government suggested when thy
    drafted the civil constitution of the clergy.
    Terms of the Concordat:

    Bishops and priests were now civil servants.


    Bishops were appointed by people who appointed civil servants.
    Elementary education was placed under the church.
    Secondary schools were controlled by the state.
    There was religious freedom and toleration.
    Roman Catholic became the church of majority
    Upholders of church lands were allowed to keep church lands they acquired during
    the course of the revolution.
    The bishops and priests were to swear an oath of aliegence.
    Code Napoleon

    Napoleon Bonaparte brought order in the judiciary.


    He completed the work of codification of laws which was started during the French
    revolution.
    In France the law were confusing and chaotic.
    He consolidated the August 4 decrees.
    Laws were codified to make them organized and uniform throughout France.
    Napoleon appointed judges and lawyers to work on these laws and his duty was to
    approve those laws.
    There was now religious toleration ,equality of all before the law, trial was now by jury
    system.
    Most o he civil laws favoured men than women.
    Codified laws

    Civil code- dealt with issues of inheritance, authority of father strengthened


    bringing order in France.
    Child could not marry without father concert
    Criminal code-had to do with crime
    Commercial- these are laws which affected trade, taxes and tariffs
    Penal code
    Education

    Education system was divide into:


    Elementary education or primary education was placed under the church.
    Secondary education was controlled by state.
    Lycees-semi military schools which emphasized on discipline and loyalty to
    Napoleon.
    Polytechnic prioritized on invention that would assist industrial sector.
    University of France which had 17 branches throughout France.
    He emphasized on boy education and disadvantaged girl child.
    (Girl position in the kitchen. Needlework is what she should look up to ).
    Education

    Education was strictly controlled.


    Dangerous subjects that creates disorder were removed from the curriculum eg
    The study of Philosophy and History was banned.
    Lecturers who criticized Napoleon were dismissed from the university.
    Students who were dismissed from one branch for criticizing Napoleon could not
    be admitted to another branch
    Banking

    Napoleon Bonaparte established the first bank of France.


    He introduced the new currency known as francs.
    Francs were backed by gold.
    French currency regained its value.
    The bank gave loans to people who wanted to establish industries.
    This bank also sponsored inventions
    Industry and Commerce

    Napoleon developed industry and commerce.


    Textile, wine and heavy industries were opened.
    Scientists who invented machinery for these industries were financed by the
    government,
    Trade unions and strikes were banned to promote production and reduce chaos
    and disorder.
    Transport and communication system was well developed ensure smooth trade.
    He imposed high tariffs on imports to promote local manufacturers.
    Tobacco salt tax was reintroduced in France
    Public works

    Napoleon Bonaparte introduced public works.


    Napoleon embarked on road, rail, development.
    He widened roads, introduced street lighting and built parks and beautified parks.
    He created employment for the unemployed.
    During Napoleon time unemployment rate was almost zero.
    He improved infrastructure for the French.
    Dictatorship

    Napoleon was devoted to order and hated chaos and disorder.


    He felt it was necessary to create order in France through dictatorship.
    Two attempts were made in is life by former royalists supporters and it was
    necessary for him to introduce some kind of dictatorship in France.
    He censored newspapers and suppressed some .
    only 4 newspapers remained that carried the state propaganda.
    Imprisonment, torture detention and exile was adopted to silence opposition.
    Secret police under Fouche was introduced.
    Informers and spies were also planted in public places.
    Dictatorship helped to establish order in France eliminate disorder.
    Conclusion

    Napoleon domestic policies were mostly a consolidation of the French revolution.


    He built on what the French revolution begun.
    Some of the policies were his own innovation.
    Other policies were departure of the French revolution and a return of the ancient
    regime.
    In actual fact he compromised both periods.
    But his domestic policies ensured the gains of the revolution were maintained.
    Practice questions

    1.Examine Napoleon Bonaparte’s domestic policies.(25 marks)


    2.To what extent did Napoleon Bonaparte consolidate the gains of the French
    revolution. (25)
    3.To what extent did the French benefit from Napoleon Bonaparte’s domestic
    policies.(25)
    4. To what extent did Napoleon Bonaparte fulfil his aims in his domestic policies.?
    5.To what extent were Napoleon domestic policies a replica of the French
    revolution(25)
    The end

    Theresa Shamiso Sibanda


    Cell: 0774658065
    ©

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